The Detection of Long-Chain Bio-Markers Using Atomic Force Microscopy

The detection of long-chain biomolecules on mineral surfaces is presented using an atomic force microscope (AFM). This is achieved by using the AFM’s ability to manipulate molecules and measure forces at the pico-newton scale. We show that a highly characteristic force-distance signal is produced when the AFM tip is used to detach long-chain molecules from a surface. This AFM force spectroscopy method is demonstrated on bio-films, spores, fossils and mineral surfaces. The method works with AFM imaging and correlated tip enhanced infrared spectroscopy. The use of AFM force spectroscopy to detect this class of long chain bio-markers has applications in paleontology, life detection and planetary science.

Molecular Mechanism for the Regulation of ABA Homeostasis During Plant Development and Stress Responses

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) play essential roles in numerous physiological processes such as seed dormancy, seed germination, seeding growth and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Such biological processes are tightly controlled by a complicated regulatory network including ABA homoeostasis, signal transduction as well as cross-talking among other signaling pathways. It is known that ABA homoeostasis modulated by its production, inactivation, and transport pathways is considered to be of great importance for plant development and stress responses. Most of the enzymes and transporters involved in ABA homoeostasis have been largely characterized and they all work synergistically to maintain ABA level in plants. Increasing evidence have suggested that transcriptional regulation of the genes involved in either ABA production or ABA inactivation plays vital roles in ABA homoeostasis. In addition to transcription factors, such progress is also regulated by microRNAs and newly characterized root to shoot mobile peptide-receptor like kinase (RLKs) mediated long-distance signal transduction. Thus, ABA contents are always kept in a dynamic balance. In this review, we survey recent research on ABA production, inactivation and transport pathways, and summarize some latest findings about the mechanisms that regulate ABA homoeostasis.

IMPLEMENTASI PIRANTI JARINGAN REPEATER ECO VILLAGE MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PROTOTYPE DAN KONSEP GREEN COMPUTING

[Id] Internet sudah menjadi kebutuhan pokok bagi sebagian orang, ini dikarenakan dengan adanya internet manusia bisa mendapatkan informasi apapun yang diinginkan. Akses internet juga harus didukung dengan sinyal yang memadai, sehingga pengguna dapat leluasa mengakses internet kapanpun dan dimanapun. Khususnya dalam sebuah perkantoran sangat diperlukan sekali akses internet untuk menunjang kinerja pegawainya, namun tidak demikian dengan Kantor Kelurahan Majalengka Wetan. Minimnya jarak lingkup sinyal wireless pada Kantor Kelurahan Majalengka Wetan menjadi permasalahan serius. Para staf kesulitan dalam mendapatkan akses internet, ini dikarenakan hanya beberapa ruangan saja yang dapat akses internet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa jauh jarak yang bisa dilalui sinyal wireless langsung di objek penelitian.Repeater merupakan sebuah piranti jaringan yang berfungsi untuk memperkuat dan memperpanjang jarak lingkup sinyal atau jaringan wireless. Dengan menggabungkan dengan komponen pengembangan, repeater dapat dibuat kembali menjadi piranti jaringan yang melebihi fungsi aslinya serta ramah lingkungan. Setelah dilakukan pengujian di objek penelitian maka diketahui jarak maksimum yang dapat dilalui sinyal wireless adalah 0m. [En] Internet has become a staple for some people, because with the internet people can get any desired information. Internet access should be supported with adequate signal, so user can freely access the internet anytime and anywhere. Especially in an office is very necessary the internet access to support the performance of employees, But not so with the East Majalengka Village Office. The lack scope of wireless signal at the East Majalengka Village Office is a serious problem. Staff difficult to get internet access, this is because only a few rooms can access the internet. This study aims to find out how far distance can be directly wireless signal at East Majalengka Village Office.Repeater is a network deviceworks to strengthen and extend the scope of the signal wireless network. By combining with the development component, The repeater can be re-built into a network device that exceeds its original function and is environmentally friendly. After testing in the East Majalengka Village Office then known maximum distance signal wirelessis 10m.