Embedded Radiation sensor with OBIST structure for applications in mixed signal systems

Oscillation based testing (OBT) has proven to be a simple and effective test strategy for numerous kind of circuits. In this work, OBT is applied to a radiation sensor to be used as a VLSI cell in embedded applications, implementing an oscillation built-in self-test (OBIST) structure. The oscillation condition is achieved by means of a minimally intrusive switched feedback loop and the response evaluation circuit can be included in a very simple way, minimizing the hardware overhead. The fault simulation indicates a fault coverage of 100% for the circuit under test.Keywords: fault simulation, mixed signal testing, OBIST, oscillation-based test, VLSI testing.

Optimization for the quick-code methods for the synthesis of discrete signals – physical carriers of data in information-communication systems

The paper presents the theoretical foundations of synthesis and analysis of complex nonlinear discrete cryptographic signals, the basis for the synthesis of which are random (pseudo-random) processes, including algorithms for cryptographic transformation of information, as well as methods for optimizing the synthesis of these signals using decimation and discrete programming. namely, the method of branches and boundaries. In order to improve the performance of signal generation and processing, estimates of the effectiveness of the decimation procedure are proposed and presented. It is shown that the use of the studied signal systems will improve the efficiency of modern ICS (speed of data generation and processing devices, noise immunity, information security, secrecy, protection against input (imposition) of false messages, message falsification, data integrity, etc.).

The Role of ArlRS and VraSR in Regulating Ceftaroline Hypersusceptibility in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections are a global health problem. New control strategies, including fifth-generation cephalosporins such as ceftaroline, have been developed, however rare sporadic resistance has been reported. Our study aimed to determine whether disruption of two-component environmental signal systems detectably led to enhanced susceptibility to ceftaroline in S. aureus CA-MRSA strain MW2 at sub-MIC concentrations where cells normally continue to grow. A collection of sequential mutants in all fifteen S. aureus non-essential two-component systems (TCS) was first screened for ceftaroline sub-MIC susceptibility, using the spot population analysis profile method. We discovered a role for both ArlRS and VraSR TCS as determinants responsible for MW2 survival in the presence of sub-MIC ceftaroline. Subsequent analysis showed that dual disruption of both arlRS and vraSR resulted in a very strong ceftaroline hypersensitivity phenotype. Genetic complementation analysis confirmed these results and further revealed that arlRS and vraSR likely regulate some common pathway(s) yet to be determined. Our study shows that S. aureus uses particular TCS environmental sensing systems for this type of defense and illustrates the proof of principle that if these TCS were inhibited, the efficacy of certain antibiotics might be considerably enhanced.

Devising methods to synthesize discrete complex signals with required properties for application in modern information and communication systems

Information and communication systems (ICSs) must comply with increasingly stringent requirements to ensure the reliability and speed of information transmission, noise immunity, information security. This paper reports the methods to synthesize discrete complex cryptographic signals, underlying the construction of which are random (pseudo-random) processes; the methods for synthesizing characteristic discrete complex signals whose construction is based on using the nature of the multiplicative group of a finite field; the results of studying the properties of the specified signal systems. It is shown that the methods built provide a higher synthesis performance than known methods and make it possible to algorithmize the synthesis processes for the construction of software and hardware devices to form such signals. The win in the time when synthesizing nonlinear signals in finite fields using the devised method is, compared to the known method, for the period of 9,972 elements is 1,039.6 times. The proposed method for synthesizing the entire system of such signals, based on decimation operation, outperforms the known method of difference sets in performance. Thus, for a signal period of 2,380 elements, the win in time exceeds 28 times. It has also been shown that the application of such systems of complex signals could improve the efficiency indicators of modern ICSs. Thus, the imitation resistance of the system, when using complex discrete cryptographic signals with a signal period of 1,023 elements, is four orders of magnitude higher than when applying the linear signal classes (for example, M-sequences). For a signal period of 1,023 elements, the win (in terms of structural secrecy) when using the signal systems reported in this work exceeds 300 times at a period of 8,192, compared to the signals of the linear form (M-sequences)

Application Of Residue Codes For Error Detection In Mixed Signal Devices

Testing methods based on residue codes are considered as simple, with high probability of detecting errors. Most of the literatures on arithmetic error control codes are mainly focused on applications of secure data transmission and testing digital circuits rather than testing mixed-signal systems. In both cases implementation of residue computing circuit (RCC), also known as the residue generator is an integral part of the hardware design. In this work a low-cost compactor circuit to calculate the residue for on-line testing of analog-to-digital converter has been presented. Aliasing rate and its relationship with the resolution of the ADC have been analyzed. Theory and operation of Linear Feedback Shift Registers have been applied for the implementation of the modulo adder circuit. The compaction circuits were simulated, and the result confirmed the theoretical analysis.

Application Of Residue Codes For Error Detection In Mixed Signal Devices

Testing methods based on residue codes are considered as simple, with high probability of detecting errors. Most of the literatures on arithmetic error control codes are mainly focused on applications of secure data transmission and testing digital circuits rather than testing mixed-signal systems. In both cases implementation of residue computing circuit (RCC), also known as the residue generator is an integral part of the hardware design. In this work a low-cost compactor circuit to calculate the residue for on-line testing of analog-to-digital converter has been presented. Aliasing rate and its relationship with the resolution of the ADC have been analyzed. Theory and operation of Linear Feedback Shift Registers have been applied for the implementation of the modulo adder circuit. The compaction circuits were simulated, and the result confirmed the theoretical analysis.

Designing of an algebraic signature analyzer for mixed-signal systems and testing

While the design of signature analyzers for digital circuits has been well researched in the past, the common design technique of a signature analyzer for mixed-signal systems is based on the rules of an arithmetic finite field. The analyzer does not contain carry propagating circuitry, which improves its performance as well as fault tolerance. The signatures possess the interesting property that if the input analog signal is imprecise within certain bounds (an inherent property of analog signals), then the generated signature is also imprecise within certain bounds. We offer a method to designing an algebraic signature analyzer that can be used for mixed-signal systems testing. The application of this technique to the systems with an arbitrary radix is a challenging task and the devices designed possess high hardware complexity. The proposed technique is simple and applicable to systems of any size and radix. The hardware complexity is low. The technique can also be used in algebraic coding and cryptography.

Designing of an algebraic signature analyzer for mixed-signal systems and testing

While the design of signature analyzers for digital circuits has been well researched in the past, the common design technique of a signature analyzer for mixed-signal systems is based on the rules of an arithmetic finite field. The analyzer does not contain carry propagating circuitry, which improves its performance as well as fault tolerance. The signatures possess the interesting property that if the input analog signal is imprecise within certain bounds (an inherent property of analog signals), then the generated signature is also imprecise within certain bounds. We offer a method to designing an algebraic signature analyzer that can be used for mixed-signal systems testing. The application of this technique to the systems with an arbitrary radix is a challenging task and the devices designed possess high hardware complexity. The proposed technique is simple and applicable to systems of any size and radix. The hardware complexity is low. The technique can also be used in algebraic coding and cryptography.

Application Of Mathematical Models And Digital Filters And Their Processors Of Spectral Analysis For Aromatic Compounds Gas In A Fluorescent Chemical

In this work, different spectra processing methods are affected by the principal components (Aromatic compounds). Keeping up high-spatial objectives is progressively basic, Various methodologies are utilized to check fragrant compounds that anticipate choosing a specific technique that's amid research Center determinations. These techniques empower us to assess a particular degree of normal compounds, much the same as benzene, toluene and xylene, and so on. One notable part of all types of signal systems is the flexibility of adaptation. And spatial exactness isn't fundamental to get a range from an expansive number of fragrant compounds where more prominent characterization and statistical mean are more critical. Moreover, sufficiently low deviations of the expected values were achieved from the true values. The standard deviation, to determine the properties of fragrant compounds and compare them with normal compounds isn't thorough. A persistent baseline rectification was performed; after that, the rectified spectrum was normalized to their area and somewhat smoothed. The autofluorescence foundation was subtracted, for the pure range analysis, by utilizing scientific approaches: polynomial estimation (PolyFit) and (method Processors Gases Improved). The accuracy obtained is not extreme and can be increased by developing algorithms and selecting other parameters. It is also possible to increase the accuracy and reliability of this method by improving the quality of the training sample by eliminating the unwanted data that we have obtained, by increasing the sample size, and by studying more in detail the sample data to eliminate inaccuracies that arise during the transition between concentrations Gas.