Impact of Environmental Tax on Comparative Advantage of Food and Food Products: A Study of G20 Countries in Light of Environmentally Sensitive Goods

2021 ◽  
pp. 001946622110352
Author(s):  
Alisha Mahajan ◽  
Kakali Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
The Relationship

Many countries are under constant fear that environmental policies might negatively influence the international competitiveness of polluting industries. In this study, we aim to evaluate the relationship and impact of the environmental tax on comparative advantage of trade in food and food products industry, considered to be one of the highly environmentally sensitive industries. This study also investigates, whether this relationship differs among countries covered in G20, with the help of correlation analysis. We select panel autoregressive distributed lag approach for this study as it can analyse long-run as well as short-run association even when the variables are stationary at different orders of integration. Using panel data from G20 countries over the period of 21 years that is from 1994 to 2015, it is concluded that when we allow environmental taxes to interact with the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) of G20 nations, the overall impact of the environmental tax on the RCA is negative in the long period. It is therefore suggested that countries should follow Porter hypothesis to stimulate innovations resulting from strict environmental regulations that affect the environment in least possible manner. JEL Codes: C01, C23, C33, F18, O57, Q5

scholarly journals The Effect of Higher Education on Growth: A Cointegration Analysis

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Mustafa Kutlutürk ◽  
Hakan Kasım Akmaz ◽  
Ahmet Çetin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Relationship

In this study the relationship between higher education and economic growth was investigated using annual data between 1988 and 2012 for Turkey. To see short and long run effects of higher education on growth the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) testing approach was used. In this investigation ratio of higher education graduates in employment was used as an explanatory variable. Zivot and Andrews test was implemented for the variables. The long and short run effects of higher education on growth was found significant. Granger causality test was implemented and one way Granger causality from higher education to growth was determined.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Economic Development and Fatal Occupational Accidents: Evidence from Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olcay Çolak ◽  
Serap Palaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Occupational accidents are among the most important issues of the agenda of working life in Turkey recently. Recently the causes and consequences of occupational accidents which are related to human, occupational and environmental factors have received great attention from the researchers but it has been paid little attention to focused on economic factors. The purpose of this paper is to make a contribution to redressing this gap by examining the relationship between fatal occupational accidents and economic development over the period of 1980 to 2012 for Turkey. In this context, bounds testing approach which is also known as autoregressive distributed lag model is performed. The results indicate the existence of positive relationship between gross domestic product per capita and fatal occupational accidents in the short-run while in the long run this turns out to be in a negative way via economic growth and changes in structure of the economy.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Economic Development and Fatal Occupational Accidents: Evidence from Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Olcay Çolak ◽  
Serap Palaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Occupational accidents are among the most important issues of the agenda of working life in Turkey recently. Recently the causes and consequences of occupational accidents which are related to human, occupational and environmental factors have received great attention from the researchers but it has been paid little attention to focused on economic factors. The purpose of this paper is to make a contribution to redressing this gap by examining the relationship between fatal occupational accidents and economic development over the period of 1980 to 2012 for Turkey. In this context, bounds testing approach which is also known as autoregressive distributed lag model is performed. The results indicate the existence of positive relationship between gross domestic product per capita and fatal occupational accidents in the short-run while in the long run this turns out to be in a negative way via economic growth and changes in structure of the economy.

scholarly journals Examining the Relationship between Financial Development and International Trade in Croatia

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlatka Bilas ◽  
Mile Bosnjak ◽  
Ivan Novak
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ardl Bounds Testing Approach

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between financial development and international trade in Croatia over the period from the first quarter of 1997 and the last quarter of 2015. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration is applied to examine the long-run and short-run relationships among the series. The research hypothesis is accepted and the relationship between financial development and international trade in Croatia is established and confirmed. The research results reveal unidirectional Granger causality from financial development to international trade at the 10% significance level, and negative long-run and the positive short-run relationships between financial developments and international trade in Croatia.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Money Supply, Price Level and Economic Growth In Pakistan: Keynesian versus Monetarist View

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Abdul Mansoor ◽  
Quratulain Shoukat ◽  
Shagufta Bibi ◽  
Khushbakht Iqbal ◽  
Romana Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Price Level ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Supply Price

AbstractThe objective of the study is to examine the relationship between money supply, price level and economic growth in the context of Pakistan by using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, covered a period of 1980 to 2016. The results confirm the long-run relationship between the variables while using broad money supply as a response variable. However, in the price and income modeling, the variables do not support the cointegration relationship between the variables. The causality results confirmed the unidirectional relationship running from income to money supply, which implies that income do causes money supply in the short run, whereas money supply leads to inflation to support Monetarist view of inflation in a country. The results conclude that economic growth is imperative to stabilize money supply and price level through sound economic policies in a country.

scholarly journals Trade Liberalisation and Economic Growth in Macedonia

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktorija Mano-Bakalinov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Trade Reforms ◽  
Productivity Function ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Market Liberalisation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract The objective of this paper is to explore the effects of trade on Macedonian economic growth. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is applied on yearly data over the period of 1993-2014. Empirical investigation reveals that an increase of population and openness demonstrate a positive and significant effect on Macedonian economic growth. Given other diverging findings, this suggests that the relationship between trade reforms and growth through the productivity function may vary across transition economies. Nevertheless, the findings of this paper indicate that policies focusing on market liberalisation and opening the economy to trade have a positive effect on Macedonian economic growth, both in the short run and the long run.

scholarly journals Fiscal Policy and Sustainability of Public Debt: The Nigerian Experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTHONY IMOISI
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Sustainability Of Public Debt ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between fiscal policy and public debt sustainability in Nigeria within a multivariate framework from 1970–2019. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test is employed to determine the long run relationship among the variables. The results of the ARDL test reveal that there is a long run relationship between the variables used in this study. Specifically, the result shows that budget deficit has a positive and significant impact on public debt both in the short run and long, while interest rate, real gross domestic product and inflation rate were statistically insignificant irrespective of the period and thus had no impact on public debt. Thus, it was recommended that the budgeting procedure at the federal and state levels in Nigeria need to reassessed to make sure that allocative efficiency is achieved in the budgeting system.

scholarly journals Tourism and economic growth in Greece: An ARDL bound testing approach in a Kaldorian framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-227
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Spinthiropoulos ◽  
Christos Nikas ◽  
Eleni Zafeiriou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Speed Of Adjustment ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between tourism development and economic growth in Greece, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)-Bounds testing procedure. The present paper attempts to examine the relevance of the tourism led growth hypothesis according to the Kaldorian theory. The analysis was carried out for the period from 1963 to 2016 and involves the short-run as well as the log-run impact. As a proxy for the output of the tourism sector, its receipts are employed, while as an index for economic growth, the GDP is employed. The empirical results show that the economy of Greece can recover and return to the long-run equilibrium with a speed of adjustment 7.17% per year.

scholarly journals Relationship between Inflation and other Macro Economic Variables in Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
Adnan Ali ◽  
Farzand Ali Jan ◽  
Sami Ullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Conventionally, it is claimed that persistently higher deficit in government budget may cause the inflation to rise in the long run but this relationship is not conclusive empirically. Therefore, the present study is aimed to determine the relationship between inflation and other studied variables of macroeconomic i.e. fiscal deficit and supply of money in the short run as well as in the long run in Pakistan. the bound testing approach to co-integration and VAR model, established within an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) is used to annual data of time series covering the period of time from 1960 to 2010 for examining the studied variables both in short run as well as in long run. The conclusion of the study shows that the relationship between the studied variables is insignificant in the long-run but the outcomes of VAR model illustrate that a short run positive relationship between the studied variables cannot be ignored. The study further indicates that 1% change in budget deficit and money supply caused to change the inflation by 0.29 and 0.31 times respectively in the short run. The results provide strong evidence that the government may target reducing the inflation by generating domestic economic resources to boost the economic growth instead of reducing budget deficit.

Energy efficiency cycle and the export-oriented economic growth style in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110453
Author(s):  
Pengfei Sheng ◽  
Haohao Wei ◽  
Chunjie Lou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Statistical Simulation ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
The Relationship

Few studies addressed the relationship between the energy efficiency cycle and the export-oriented economic growth style, and our work aimed to contribute this research in the literature using China's dataset during 1985–2018. Results of the autoregressive-distributed-lag model there were two cycles in China's energy efficiency, and the first ranged from 1989 to 2002 while the second was over the period 2003–2012. Meanwhile, the estimations suggested that a 1% export increase was linked to a 0.107% increase in energy efficiency in the long run. However, the export was significantly and negatively associated with the short-run fluctuation of energy efficiency. As a result, the statistical simulation confirmed that export would raise the fluctuation range of energy efficiency.

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