scholarly journals Monitoring of Sound and Carious Surfaces under Sealants over 44 Months

2014 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 1070-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fontana ◽  
J.A. Platt ◽  
G.J. Eckert ◽  
C. González-Cabezas ◽  
K. Yoder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assessment System ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Permanent Molars ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Sealant Retention ◽  
Lesion Severity

Although there is strong evidence for the effectiveness of sealants, one major barrier in sealant utilization is the concern of sealing over active caries lesions. This study evaluated detection and monitoring of caries lesions through a clear sealant over 44 mo. Sixty-four 7- to 10-year-old children with at least 2 permanent molars with International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores 0-4 (and caries less than halfway through the dentin, radiographically) were examined with ICDAS, DIAGNOdent, and quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) before sealant placement and 1, 12, 24, and 44 mo (except QLF) after. Bitewing radiographs were taken yearly. DIAGNOdent and QLF were able to distinguish between baseline ICDAS before and after sealant placement. There was no significant evidence of ICDAS progression at 12 mo, but there was small evidence of minor increases at 24 and 44 mo (14% and 14%, respectively) with only 2% ICDAS ≥ 5. Additionally, there was little evidence of radiographic progression (at 12 mo = 1%, 24 mo = 3%, and 44 mo = 9%). Sealant retention rates were excellent at 12 mo = 89%, 24 mo = 78%, and 44 mo = 70%. The small risk of sealant repair increased significantly as baseline ICDAS, DIAGNOdent, and QLF values increased. However, regardless of lesion severity, sealants were 100% effective at 12 mo and 98% effective over 44 mo in managing occlusal surfaces at ICDAS 0-4 ( i.e., only 4 of 228 teeth progressed to ICDAS ≥ 5 associated with sealants in need of repair and none to halfway or more through the dentin, radiographically). This study suggests that occlusal surfaces without frank cavitation (ICDAS 0-4) that are sealed with a clear sealant can be monitored with ICDAS, QLF, or DIAGNOdent, which may aid in predicting the need for sealant repair.

scholarly journals Impact of Different Illumination Conditions on Visual Caries Detection with ICDAS

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus W. Neuhaus ◽  
Edi Jasarevic ◽  
Adrian Lussi
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Standard Operation ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Additional Illumination ◽  
Permanent Molars

The aim of this study was to test the influence of different degrees of additional illumination on visual caries detection using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). Two calibrated examiners assessed 139 occlusal surfaces of extracted permanent molars using a standard operation lamp with or without an additional headlamp providing three default brightness intensities. Histology served as the gold standard. Pooled data showed no differences in sensitivities. Specificities were not influenced by additional light. The area under the curve for the Marthaler classification D3 threshold was significantly lower when an additional strong headlamp was used (0.59 compared to 0.69-0.72 when reduced illumination intensities were used). One of the two examiners also had a significantly lower sensitivity for the D1 threshold when an additional headlamp was used. The use of additional white light led to a reduced detection of dentine lesions.

scholarly journals Clinical effectiveness of fluorescence, digital images and ICDAS for detecting occlusal caries

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Dupim PRESOTO ◽  
Tamara Carolina TREVISAN ◽  
Maria Costa de ANDRADE ◽  
Andrea Abi-Rached DANTAS ◽  
Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini CAMPOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Discrimination Capacity ◽  
Caries Lesions

Abstract Introduction The detection of small caries lesions is still a challenge for dental professionals who in their clinical practice have a wide variety of methods to detect caries on occlusal surfaces. Objective To clinically assess the effectiveness of the Vista Proof fluorescence camera, the Vista Cam digital intraoral micro camera and the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) visual criterion for detecting caries lesions on occlusal surfaces of permanent teeth. Material and method One hundred and seven posterior teeth from adult patients were examined visually and by means of digital radiographs by an examiner who rated them according to the presence or absence of occlusal caries. The teeth were then assessed by the other examiner using ICDAS, fluorescence and magnified digital images. The effectiveness of the methods was measured based on sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio. For each method, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the Area Under the ROC curve (AUROC) were estimated. Result There was exceptional discrimination capacity for the intraoral images (AUROC=.93) and the ICDAS (AUROC=.91), with no significant statistical difference between them (z=.35, p=.73). The fluorescence exhibited an acceptable discrimination capacity (AUROC=0.78), although it was lower than the others. The positive likelihood ratio for the fluorescence was only 2.32, compared to 20.58 for the intraoral image and 58.11 for the ICDAS. Conclusion Both methods and the ICDAS exhibited an adequate clinical performance, although the ICDAS and intraoral image were more effective than the fluorescence.

Sealant versus Fluoride in Primary Molars of Kindergarten Children Regularly Receiving Fluoride Varnish: One-Year Randomized Clinical Trial Follow-Up

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisko Honkala ◽  
Mohamed ElSalhy ◽  
Maddi Shyama ◽  
Sabiha A. Al-Mutawa ◽  
Hanan Boodai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Rate ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Caries Lesions

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to measure the caries preventive effect of sealants applied to occlusal surfaces of primary molars compared to fluoride varnish applications, and to assess the retention rate of sealants after 1 year. Methods: 147 first-grade pupils from two kindergarten schools in Kuwait, whose parents gave their written consent, were included. The children were examined by one dentist using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System. After the examination, sealants and fluoride varnish were applied on the selected occlusal surfaces of primary molars by another dentist. The jaw quadrant for intervention was selected randomly; molars on the contralateral side of the mouth received the contralateral intervention. Examinations and intervention were provided on the school premises in the mobile dental unit with a portable spotlight. Moisture was controlled by cotton rolls, suction and air drying. The follow-up examinations were conducted after 1 year. All children received fluoride varnish before and 6 months after the intervention. Results: From 267 matched pairs of occlusal surfaces of primary molars, varnished surfaces were significantly more likely to develop new caries lesions than the sealed ones (odds ratio = 2.92; 95% confidence interval = 1.82-4.71) during the 1-year follow-up. The majority (73.0%) of the sealants were completely retained and 15.1% partially. Conclusions: Sealing fissures seems to be better in preventing occlusal caries lesions in primary molars than applying only fluoride varnish. After 1 year, the majority of sealants were retained sound.

scholarly journals Performance of methods for detecting occlusal caries lesions: ICDAS X radiological image

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e1859108490
Author(s):  
Tânia Cristina Simões ◽  
Leonardo Carmezini Marques ◽  
André Tomazini Gomes de Sá ◽  
Sandra Mara Maciel ◽  
Marcelo Lupion Poleti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Reliability Method ◽  
Radiological Image ◽  
Caries Lesions

Objective: We investigated the precision and accuracy of methods to detect caries lesions on the occlusal surface in vitro using ICDAS and radiological image. Methodology: Human third molars (n=14) were placed in an acrylic resin base and maintained wet during the study. The occlusal surfaces were visually inspected by three examiners using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) method. The condition of each tooth was registered by images obtained with Digital Radiography (DR), Microcomputed Tomography (µ-CT) and Histologic Specimen (HS). For each tooth and method utilized in the study, an image was selected based on the largest extension of caries found, wherein the three examiners attributed a score to the lesion in accordance with the visual description of each method. The Kappa index, Fisher’s exact test and the Spearman´s correlation coefficient were used for evaluating reliability and accuracy, with a significance level of 5%. Results: Considerable interobserver reliability values were found for ICDAS (k = 0.701), almost perfect for µ-CT (k = 0.855) and HS (k = 0.920), and reasonable for DR (k = 0.221). Significant statistical difference was observed for ICDAS (p < 0.05), and for DR and µ-CT methods (p < 0.01). The correlation was moderate for ICDAS (r = 0.597), high for DR (r = 0.764) and perfect for µ-CT (1.000). Conclusions: the most reliability method for detecting caries lesions on occlusal surfaces in vitro was µ-CT, followed by ICDAS and DR. The most accurate method was µ-CT, followed by DR and ICDAS.

scholarly journals Metabolic Profile of Supragingival Plaque Exposed to Arginine and Fluoride

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1245-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Nascimento ◽  
A.J. Alvarez ◽  
X. Huang ◽  
C. Browngardt ◽  
R. Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Production ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Ph Homeostasis ◽  
Supragingival Plaque ◽  
Plaque Ph ◽  
Oral Biofilms ◽  
Caries Lesions

Caries lesions develop when acid production from bacterial metabolism of dietary carbohydrates outweighs the various mechanisms that promote pH homeostasis, including bacterial alkali production. Therapies that provide arginine as a substrate for alkali production in supragingival oral biofilms have strong anticaries potential. The objective of this study was to investigate the metabolic profile of site-specific supragingival plaque in response to the use of arginine (Arg: 1.5% arginine, fluoride-free) or fluoride (F: 1,100 ppm F/NaF) toothpastes. Eighty-three adults of different caries status were recruited and assigned to treatment with Arg or F for 12 wk. Caries lesions were diagnosed using International Caries Detection and Assessment System II, and plaque samples were collected from caries-free and carious tooth surfaces. Taxonomic profiles were obtained by HOMINGS (Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing), and plaque metabolism was assessed by the levels of arginine catabolism via the arginine deiminase pathway (ADS), acidogenicity, and global metabolomics. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares–discriminant analysis, analysis of variance, and random forest tests were used to distinguish metabolic profiles. Of the 509 active lesions diagnosed at baseline, 70 (14%) were inactive after 12 wk. Generalized linear model showed that enamel lesions were significantly more likely to become inactive compared to dentin lesions ( P < 0.0001), but no difference was found when treatment with Arg was compared to F ( P = 0.46). Arg significantly increased plaque ADS activity ( P = 0.031) and plaque pH values after incubation with glucose ( P = 0.001). F reduced plaque lactate production from endogenous sources ( P = 0.02). PCA revealed differences between the metabolic profiles of plaque treated with Arg or F. Arg significantly affected the concentrations of 16 metabolites, including phenethylamine, agmatine, and glucosamine-6-phosphate ( P < 0.05), while F affected the concentrations of 9 metabolites, including phenethylamine, N-methyl-glutamate, and agmatine ( P < 0.05). The anticaries mechanisms of action of arginine and fluoride are distinct. Arginine metabolism promotes biofilm pH homeostasis, whereas fluoride is thought to enhance resistance of tooth minerals to low pH and reduce acid production by supragingival oral biofilms.

Development of a Fluorescence-Based Caries Scoring System for an Intraoral Scanner: An in vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-335
Author(s):  
Stavroula Michou ◽  
Ana Raquel Benetti ◽  
Christoph Vannahme ◽  
Pétur Gordon Hermannsson ◽  
Azam Bakhshandeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Radiographic Assessment ◽  
Intraoral Scanner ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To develop an automated fluorescence-based caries scoring system for an intraoral scanner and to<i></i>test the performance of the system compared to state-of-the-art methods. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Seventy-three permanent posterior teeth were scanned with a three-dimensional (3D) intraoral scanner prototype which emitted light at 415 nm. An overlay representing the fluorescence signal from the tissue was mapped onto 3D models of the teeth. Multiple examination sites (<i>n</i> = 139) on the occlusal surfaces were chosen, and their red and green fluorescence signal components were extracted. These components were used to calculate 4 mathematical functions upon which a caries scoring system for the scanner prototype could be based. Visual-tactile (International Caries Detection and Assessment System, ICDAS), radiographic (ICDAS), and histological assessments were conducted on the same examination sites. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Most index tests showed significant correlation with histology. The strongest correlation was observed for the visual-tactile examination (<i>r</i><sub>s</sub> = 0.80) followed by the scanner supported by the caries classification function that quantifies the overall fluorescence compared to sound surfaces (<i>r</i><sub>s</sub> = 0.78). Additionally, this function resulted in the highest intra-examiner reliability (κ = 0.964), and the highest sum of sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) (sum SE-SP: 1.60–1.84) at the 2 histological levels where the comparison with visual-tactile assessment was possible (κ = 0.886, sum SE-SP = 1.57–1.81) and at the 3 out of 4 histological levels where the comparison with radiographic assessment was possible (κ = 0.911, sum SE-SP = 1.37–1.78); the only exception was for the lesions in the outer third of dentin, where the radiographic assessment showed the highest sum SE-SP (1.78). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> A fluorescence-based caries scoring system was developed for the intraoral scanner showing promising performance compared to state-of-the-art caries detection methods. The intraoral scanner accompanied by an automated caries scoring system may improve objective caries detection and increase the efficiency and effectiveness of oral examinations. Furthermore, this device has the potential to support reliable monitoring of early caries lesions.

scholarly journals Sealant Effectiveness for Children Receiving a Combination of Preventive Methods in a Fluoridated Community: Two-Year Results

1977 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1511-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Bagramian ◽  
Richard C. Graves ◽  
Sujan Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
First Graders ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Sixth Graders ◽  
Occlusal Caries ◽  
Permanent Molar ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Permanent Molars ◽  
Preventive Methods ◽  
Sealant Retention

A series of preventive methods in combination have been used to reduce dental caries in children including dental health education, prophylaxes, pit and fissure sealants, topical application of fluoride and restorative care. Prophylaxes, sealant, and fluoride procedures are repeated every six months. Two-year results show reductions of occlusal caries increments of 74.3% for first graders and 77.1% for sixth graders. Sealant loss, as defined in this study, varied from 33% to 90% with the highest loss occurring in the newly erupted permanent molars during the first six months of the project. These high sealant loss rates are thought to be related to the age of the population which was designed to include children at the ages of peak eruption of permanent molar teeth (ages six and twelve). These teeth were often only minimally erupted and maintaining the dry field required for sealant retention was extremely difficult. However, in spite of these high rates of sealant loss, caries reduction on occlusal surfaces was highly significant in comparison to that of children who did not receive sealants.

The International Caries Detection and Assessment System – ICDAS: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 406-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Rud Ekstrand ◽  
Thais Gimenez ◽  
Fernanda R. Ferreira ◽  
Fausto M. Mendes ◽  
Mariana M. Braga
Keyword(s):  
Roc Curves ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Activity Assessment ◽  
Caries Progression ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Specific Search

The aims of this study were: (1) to evaluate the overall reproducibility and accuracy of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) for assessing coronal caries lesions, and (2) to investigate the use of systems associated with the ICDAS for activity assessment of coronal caries lesions. Specific search strategies were adopted to identify studies published up to 2016. For the first objective, we selected studies that assessed primary coronal caries lesions using the ICDAS as a reference standard. A total of 54 studies were included. Meta-analyses summarized the results concerning reproducibility and accuracy (correlation with histology, summary ROC curves [SROC], and diagnostic odds ratio [DOR]). The latter 2 were expressed at D1/D3 levels. The heterogeneity of the studies was also assessed. Reproducibility values (pooled) were > 0.65. The ICDAS mostly presented a good overall performance as most areas under SROC were > 0.75 at D1 and > 0.90 at D3; DOR ≥6. For the second objective, we selected studies investigating activity assessment associated with the ICDAS. The meta-analyses pooled results based on the same methodology and parameters as above. Longitudinal findings regarding caries progression were described to estimate the validity of these systems. On average, the systems for activity assessment of caries lesions showed moderate values concerning reproducibility and overall performance. Active caries lesions were more prone to progress than inactive ones after 2 years. In conclusion, the ICDAS presented a substantial level of reproducibility and accuracy for assessing primary coronal caries lesions. Additional systems associated with the ICDAS that classify caries lesion activity can be useful as they are moderately reproducible and accurate.

scholarly journals Automated caries detection with smartphone color photography using machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 146045822110075
Author(s):  
Duc Long Duong ◽  
Malitha Humayun Kabir ◽  
Rong Fu Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Icdas Ii ◽  
Untreated Caries

Untreated caries is significant problem that affected billion people over the world. Therefore, the appropriate method and accuracy of caries detection in clinical decision-making in dental practices as well as in oral epidemiology or caries research, are required urgently. The aim of this study was to introduce a computational algorithm that can automate recognize carious lesions on tooth occlusal surfaces in smartphone images according to International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). From a group of extracted teeth, 620 unrestored molars/premolars were photographed using smartphone. The obtained images were evaluated for caries diagnosis with the ICDAS II codes, and were labeled into three classes: “No Surface Change” ( NSC); “Visually Non-Cavitated” ( VNC); “Cavitated” ( C). Then, a two steps detection scheme using Support Vector Machine (SVM) has been proposed: “ C versus (VNC  +  NSC)” classification, and “ VNC versus NSC” classification. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of best model were 92.37%, 88.1%, and 96.6% for “ C versus (VNC  +  NSC),” whereas they were 83.33%, 82.2%, and 66.7% for “ VNC versus NSC.” Although the proposed SVM system required further improvement and verification, with the data only imaged from the smartphone, it performed an auspicious potential for clinical diagnostics with reasonable accuracy and minimal cost.

scholarly journals Influence of Examiner Experience on Clinical Performance of Visual Inspection in Detecting and Assessing the Activity Status of Caries Lesions

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Gimenez ◽  
DG Bittar ◽  
C Piovesan ◽  
CAB Guglielmi ◽  
KY Fujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Caries Activity ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Different Levels

SUMMARYOur hypothesis was that a method of caries activity evaluation based on the clinical features of the lesions would be less time consuming but more influenced by the examiner's experience than the scoring system used in association with the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of three groups of examiners with different levels of experience using two different methods to assess the activity status of caries lesions by visual inspection. A cross-sectional study in a dental office setting was performed selecting 18 children, aged three to eight years, who had sought dental treatment at a dental school. Examinations to detect caries lesions were performed using visual inspection by six examiners with different levels of experience: two undergraduate dental students, two specialists in pediatric dentistry, and two graduate students. The examiners used ICDAS and two different methods to assess caries activity: using an additional score system or considering the examination of clinical features. Two benchmark examiners examined the children in a joint session, and their consensus was considered to be the reference standard. The sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility were calculated for different thresholds: all, cavitated, and active caries lesions. Multilevel analyses were performed to compare the different methods and examiners. No differences were observed among the examiners, either in detecting all lesions and cavitated lesions or regarding the activity assessment. The methods of assessing activity status performed similarly, but the time spent on examinations was shorter for the method evaluating clinical features. In conclusion, the experience of examiners does not significantly influence the performance of visual inspection, and both methods of assessing activity status result in similar diagnostic accuracy.

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