Effect of Undernutrition During the Perinatal Period on Caries Development in the Rat: IV. Effects of Differential Tooth Eruption and Exposure to a Cariogenic Diet on Subsequent Dental Caries Incidence

1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Menaker ◽  
Juan M. Navia
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Tooth Eruption ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
The Difference

The tooth eruption pattern in well- and under-nourished rat pups was investigated. A one-day lag was observed in those pups born to, and suckled on, dams that received a low protein diet when compared with control pups from mothers given a high protein diet. The difference in susceptibility to dental caries between these two groups could not be accounted for by this differential eruption and time of exposure to the cariogenic stress.

Influence of Environmental and Nutritional Factors on Problem Solving in the Rat

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Marie Wells ◽  
Charles R. Geist ◽  
Robert R. Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Enriched Environments

Rat pups were randomly cross-fostered to lactating dams which were maintained on either 21% casein diet or a 12% casein diet by weight. At 21 days of age the pups fostered with dams receiving 21% casein continued on the high protein diet. The pups fostered with the dams receiving the 12% casein diet were placed either on a low protein diet consisting of 5% casein by weight or on a 21% casein diet provided in restricted amounts in order to maintain their weight equal to that of the animals weaned to the 5% casein diet. Throughout the 8-wk. period in which the dietary regimes were imposed, the pups were housed individually either in spatially, tactually, and visually enriched, or impoverished environments. At 11 wk. of age all of the animals were rehabilitated and maintained on the 21% high protein diet for the remainder of the experiment. When problem-solving ability was measured by performance in the Hebb-Williams maze, the low-protein animals reared in impoverished environments exhibited the greatest latencies to leave the start box, spent the longest time within the maze enclosure, and made the greatest number of errors Conversely, the high-protein animals reared in the enriched environments showed the shortest latencies, spent less time in the maze, and made the fewest errors.

scholarly journals High‐protein diet more effectively reduces hepatic fat than low‐protein diet despite lower autophagy and FGF21 levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2982-2997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Xu ◽  
Mariya Markova ◽  
Nicole Seebeck ◽  
Anne Loft ◽  
Silke Hornemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Hepatic Fat

scholarly journals Liver GCN2 controls hepatic FGF21 secretion and modulates whole body postprandial oxidation profile under a low-protein diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (6) ◽  
pp. E1015-E1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Chalvon-Demersay ◽  
Joanna Moro ◽  
Patrick C. Even ◽  
Catherine Chaumontet ◽  
Daniel Tomé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Protein Diets

General control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) is a kinase that detects amino acid deficiency and is involved in the control of protein synthesis and energy metabolism. However, the role of hepatic GCN2 in the metabolic adaptations in response to the modulation of dietary protein has been seldom studied. Wild-type (WT) and liver GCN2-deficient (KO) mice were fed either a normo-protein diet, a low-protein diet, or a high-protein diet for 3 wk. During this period, body weight, food intake, and metabolic parameters were followed. In mice fed normo- and high-protein diets, GCN2 pathway in the liver is not activated in WT mice, leading to a similar metabolic profile with the one of KO mice. On the contrary, a low-protein diet activates GCN2 in WT mice, inducing FGF21 secretion. In turn, FGF21 maintains a high level of lipid oxidation, leading to a different postprandial oxidation profile compared with KO mice. Hepatic GCN2 controls FGF21 secretion under a low-protein diet and modulates a whole body postprandial oxidation profile.

scholarly journals 274 Improved beef quality and yield in Wagyu compared to Angus sired cattle unaffected by protein supplementation during the late gestation

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 103-103
Author(s):  
Xiangdong Liu ◽  
Natasha Moffitt-Hemmer ◽  
Jeanene Deavilla ◽  
Shannon Neibergs ◽  
Jan Busboom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Beef Quality ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Low Protein

Abstract Maternal nutrition during the late gestation affects marbling fat in offspring. Wagyu cattle are well known for their very high marbling with more unsaturated fatty acid contents, but they grow slower than Angus cattle. The interaction between maternal diet and breed on marbling fat development is unclear. To examine, Angus cows (621 ± 73kg) were selected and separated into two groups, bred with either Angus or Wagyu semen. During the last 90 d of gestation, cows in each group were further separated and received either a low protein diet (85% of the NRC metabolizable protein requirement), which mimics the protein intake common in Northwestern region when fed a wheat straw based diet, or a high protein diet (108% NRC requirement). All progeny were managed together and harvested at a final body weight of 576.5± 16.6 kg. For Wagyu sired offspring, marbling score and quality grade was higher than Angus (P < 0.01), and also had higher Ribeye area (P = 0.07). The marbling scores were higher for the low protein diet for all except Wagyu steers. No difference was detected in KPH fat and the yield grade was higher for Wagyu sired cattle than Angus (P < 0.01). In both diets, Angus offspring showed higher shear force (P < 0.05). When grouped according to sex, higher marbling was observed in heifers (P < 0.01). No difference was found in cooking yield, drip loss, but Wagyu sired offspring had thicker back fat than Angus (P < 0.01). Within the high protein diet, Wagyu beef had higher linoleic acid content compared to Angus (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Wagyu sired cattle had better quality and yield compared to Angus sired, and protein supplementation during the late gestation had no major effect on beef quality. (Supported by the USDA-NIFA grants 2015-67015-23219/2016-68006-24634 to MD)

Effect of dietary tannin and protein concentration on nematode infection (Trichostrongylus colubriformis) in lambs

2000 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. BUTTER ◽  
J. M. DAWSON ◽  
D. WAKELIN ◽  
P. J. BUTTERY
Keyword(s):  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Faecal Egg Counts ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Protein Diets

The aim of this study was to determine whether the inclusion of a condensed tannin (quebracho tannin, QT) and/or the elevation of dietary protein could reduce Trichostrongylus colubriformis establishment and existence in the small intestine of lambs. Thirty-six lambs (mean liveweight 32·6±3·9 kg) were randomly allocated to one of six experimental groups, groups 1–5 were parasitized with a trickle infection of 3000 infective Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae daily, whilst group 6 remained as uninfected controls. Experimental diets were formulated to contain 222 g CP/kg (high protein) or 97 g CP/kg (low protein) with or without the inclusion of 50 g QT/kg. All six animal groups were fed the low protein diet, group 2 fed low protein diet+QT, for one month prior to infection (groups 1–5). Once nematode eggs were observed in the faeces, diets were abruptly changed in three experimental groups. Group 1 remained on the low protein diet, group 2 remained on the low protein+QT diet, group 3 changed to the high protein diet, group 4 changed to the high protein+QT diet, group 5 changed to the low protein+QT diet and group 6 remained uninfected and fed the low protein diet. Production, haematological and parasitological parameters were monitored at regular intervals. Results show that parasitized animals fed the high protein diet achieved growth rates similar to those of uninfected low protein-fed lambs. Inclusion of dietary QT did not depress liveweight gain. Total daily faecal egg counts declined after feeding the high protein diet. Inclusion of QT into the low protein diet also reduced faecal egg counts to similar levels observed in the high protein-fed lambs. The inclusion of QT into the high protein diet did not further reduce faecal egg counts. No significant differences in the haematological parameters measured were observed between infected animals (groups 1–5), suggesting that the beneficial effect of dietary QT in the low protein diet is unlikely to be mediated through an immune response. These data suggest that the inclusion of QT in low protein diets may be an alternative to feeding high protein diets to reduce nematode burden in lambs.

Effects of different feeding regimes during lay of egg-type pullets fed either high or low-protein diet during rearing

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (94) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Abu-Serewa
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Feeding Regimes

The performance of two groups of pullets reared on either high or low-protein diets was compared under six feeding regimes from 20 to 68 weeks of age. Pullets fed the low-protein (10 per cent) diet from 4 to 20 weeks ate about 20 per cent less food during rearing, were significantly lighter at 20 weeks and were delayed in attaining maturity compared with pullets reared on the high-protein diet. In the period from 20 to 36 weeks of age, pullets reared on the high protein diet laid at a higher rate when fed a laying diet containing 17 per cent protein than with a diet containing 15 per cent protein supplemented with methionine, or 13 per cent protein supplemented with methionine and lysine to the N.R.C. (1971) levels. In contrast, pullets reared on the low-protein diet laid fewer eggs on the 17 per cent protein diet than on the other two diets during the same period. However, no significant rearing x laying interaction was observed in average rate of lay during the whole laying year. The low-protein group laid fewer eggs from 20 to 68 weeks than the other group of birds, but the difference in production was not significant when calculated from maturity. Average rate of lay was not affected by the level of protein in the laying diet, but egg size tended to increase with increasing the level of protein. Increasing the level of protein gradually with the advance in lay had no effect on performance relative to birds fed the 15 or 17 per cent protein diet throughout lay. Restricting the feed intake during lay to 94 per cent of that consumed by full-fed controls, or restricting the time of feeding to four hours daily, reduced egg production by 7 and 6 per cent respectively, regardless of the rearing treatment. Rate of mortality throughout the experiment was not affected by any of the rearing or laying treatments. The results of this experiment indicate that the requirement during lay of pullets reared on a low-protein diet is between 51 and 53 g protein and 900 and 1000 mg of methionine per 4.1 9 MJ (1000 Kcal) ME. This protein concentration should be increased to between 58 and 60 g protein per 4.19 MJ ME if the pullets were reared on conventional diets. Restricting feeding during lay by either of the methods used in this experiment is detrimental to egg production.

Effects of nutrition on wool follicle cell kinetics in sheep differing in efficiency of wool production

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
PI Hynd
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Fibre Output

Wide phenotypic variation in fibre output per follicle was generated by selecting sheep (five South Australian strongwool Merinos, one finewool Merino and one Corriedale) on this basis, and by offering these sheep a low-protein diet for 9 weeks, followed by a high-protein diet for a further 8 weeks. Clean wool production was measured over the final 3 weeks of each period, while fibre diameter, the rate of length growth of fibres and a number of follicle characters were measured over the last 7 days of each period. The rate of division of follicle bulb cells and the total volume of the germinative region of the follicle was estimated by image-analysis of bulb sections in skin biopsy samples.With the change from the low-protein diet to the high-protein diet, the rate of clean fleece production was increased by 33% (P<0.002), reflecting an increase in fibre diameter (8%) and rate of length growth of fibres (26%); the volume of the germinative region of the average bulb increased 30% (P<0.012) and the rate of bulb cell division by 35% (P<0.004); cortical cell volume also did not change (923 8m3 v. 965 8m3; the average proportion of fibre cross-sectional area occupied by paracortical cells increased from 0.2 1 to 0.35 ( P < 0.01 0); the proportion of dividing cells entering the fibre cortex ranged from 0.25 to 0.42 (mean, 0.31) between sheep on the low-protein diet, and from 0.22 to 0.39 (mean, 0.32) when the animals were fed the high-protein ration; the effect of diet on cell distribution to fibre and inner root sheath was not significant (P<0.601).Phenotypic differences in fibre output were primarily related to differences in the rate of bulb cell division (r= 0.896, P < 0.001), but inclusion of a term for the proportion of bulb cells entering the fibre cortex, removed an additional, significant proportion of the variance. Cortical cell volume, on the other hand, was poorly related to fibre output.

scholarly journals The effect of protein content of the diet on the rate of urea formation in sheep liver

1969 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Payne ◽  
J G Morris
Keyword(s):  
Urea Cycle ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Ammonia Toxicity ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Ornithine Transcarbamoylase ◽  
Urea Cycle Enzymes

1. In the livers of six sheep given a high-protein diet, the concentrations of certain urea-cycle enzymes [ornithine transcarbamoylase, arginine synthetase (combined activity of argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinase) and arginase] were significantly greater than when the sheep were given a low-protein diet. Alkaline phosphatase activity/mg. of liver protein was not significantly affected by diet. 2. Three sheep previously given the high-protein diet showed no significant rise in the concentration of ammonia in the blood after the administration of urea (0·5g./kg. body wt.). The concentration of ammonia in the blood of the three sheep given the low-protein diet rose exponentially with time after dosing with urea and all sheep died. 3. It is suggested that tolerance to ammonia toxicity in the sheep is at least partly a function of the activity of the urea-cycle enzymes in the liver.

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