Community Context and Child Health: A Human Capital Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Smith-Greenaway
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Community Context ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Education Benefits ◽  
Health Survey Data ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Child Health

Human capital theory suggests that education benefits individuals’ and their children’s health through the educational skills people acquire in school. This perspective may also be relevant at the community level: the greater presence of adults with educational skills in a community may be a reason why living in a more highly educated setting benefits health. I use Demographic and Health Survey data for 30 sub-Saharan African countries to investigate whether the percentage of literate adults—specifically women—in a community is associated with children’s likelihood of survival. I characterize 13,785 African communities according to the prevalence of women who are literate. Multilevel discrete-time hazard models ( N = 536,781 children) confirm that living in a community where more women are literate is positively associated with child survival. The study supports the conceptualization of literacy, and potentially other educational skills, as forms of human capital that can spill over to benefit others.

TRACKING CHANGES IN STATES OF CONTRACEPTIVE USE OVER TIME IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA THROUGH COHORT AND PERIOD ANALYSES

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH LEAHY MADSEN ◽  
BERNICE KUANG ◽  
JOHN ROSS
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Health Survey Data ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Unmet Need For Contraception

SummaryIt is difficult to gauge the success of programmatic efforts to reduce unmet need for contraception without knowing whether individual women have had their need met and adopted contraception. However, the number of true longitudinal datasets tracking the transition of panels of individual women in and out of states of contraceptive use is limited. This study analyses changes in contraceptive use states using Demographic and Health Survey data for 22 sub-Saharan African countries. A cohort approach, tracking representative samples of five-year age groups longitudinally across surveys, as well as period-based techniques, are applied to indicate whether new users of contraception have been drawn from women who previously had no need and/or those who had unmet need for family planning. The results suggest that a greater proportion of increases in contraceptive use in recent years can be attributed to decreases in the percentage of women with no need, especially among younger women, than to decreases in the proportion with unmet need.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF HUMAN CAPITAL ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SOME SUB SAHARA AFRICAN COUNTRIES (SSA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
AISHA AHMAD SAJOH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Table Data ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: This research looked into debate on the possible impact of human capital on economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and considers two alternative measures of human capital: health and education. Methodology: The research used a dynamic model based on the system generalized method of moments (SGMM) and analysed a balanced panel data covering 35 countries from 1986–2018. The research used Microsoft excel to record all the data gotten from the world indicator data base from world bank, penn world table data base and CANA database. The analysis was presented in a tabular form. Findings: This study found that human capital has an overall positive and statistically significant impact on economic growth in the SSA region, although, democracy has a negative and statistically significant impact on economic growth in the region. This finding shows the importance of both measures of human capital and aligns with the argument in the literature that neither education nor health is a perfect substitute for the other as a measure of human capital. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy:Generally, the finding emphasised that both education and health measures of human capital are important, and that policymakers must consider the level of economic development while formulating policies that can enhance the impact of human capital on economic growth in the Sub-Saharan Africa region.

scholarly journals HUMAN CAPITAL THEORY AND EDUCATIONAL POLICY STRATEGIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: A RETROSPECTIVE OVERVIEW

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
Moses Oketch
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Human Capital Theory ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Proper Formulation ◽  
Policy Strategies ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Curriculum Relevance

Human capital theory is a powerful, and yet also viewed as a narrowly conceived, understanding of the benefits of education to individuals and society. For many years since its proper formulation in the early part of 1960, during which time education has been modelled as investment leading to economic growth and development, the theory has informed government policies in education and attracted criticism and generated debate over the tension concerning who benefits from education and how education should be organised and funded. This article reviews the influence of the theory in the education policy strategies of sub-Saharan Africa from the ‘manpower planning’ era, through the ‘rate of return’ era, the ‘endogenous growth and endogenous development’ tenets and the debates over ‘quality versus attainment’. These are all discussed in relation to educational access, expansion, finance and curriculum relevance.

scholarly journals Attityder till innehåll och delaktighet i val av läroböcker i undervisning i svenska för invandrare: Den pedagogiska och didaktiska betydelsen av flyktingars utbildning och yrkesbakgrund

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Monica Reichenberg
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Human Capital Theory ◽  
Language Training ◽  
Length Of Residence ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Homogenous Group ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Students Attitudes

De senaste åren har fler flyktingar än någonsin anlänt till Skandinavien. De flyktingar som kommit är inte någon homogen grupp. Medan en del av dem är högutbildade kan andra vara analfabeter. Det övergripande syftet med denna studie är att undersöka relationen mellan humankapital (ålder, tid i Sverige, utbildning) och vuxna flyktingars attityder till innehåll i läroböcker och deras möjligheter att påverka val av läroböcker. I studien ingår 186 vuxna personer som fått fylla i en enkät. Studien ger stöd åt humankapitalteorin, dvs. antalet utbildningsår har betydelse för elevernas attityder till (a) delaktighet vid val av läroböcker och (b) innehållet i läroböcker. Däremot har varken ålder eller tid i Sverige betydelse. Vidare fanns det en relation (om än osäker) mellan socioekonomisk klass och attityder till delaktighet, där en skillnad i medelvärden mellan elever med bakgrund i övre medelklassyrken skilde sig jämfört med elever med bakgrund i arbetarklassyrken.Resultaten har en tydlig didaktisk och pedagogisk signifikans. Teoretiskt bidrar resultaten till att bekräfta den växande forskningen om betydelsen av humankapitalfaktorer vid studiet av vuxna flyktingars lärande och integration.Nyckelord: immigration, attityder, delaktighet, läroböcker, humankapital, innehållAbstractThe Scandinavian countries currently face their largest ever influx of refugees. These refugees are far from a homogenous group. Some are highly educated whereas some are illiterate. The purpose of this study was to investigate how human capital (age, length of residence in Sweden, years of education) is associated with adult refugees’ attitudes to the contents of Swedish language textbooks and their possibilities to influence which textbooks might be used in their language training programme.Using survey data collected from 186 adult refugees. The study lends support to human capital theory. Years of education had a relationship with the refugees’ attitudes to possibilities for selecting textbooks based on the content of the textbook (i.e. “childish” or “boring”). Age and length of stay of residence in Sweden had no relationship with the refugees’ attitudes.Theoretically, the results contribute to support the increasing research about the significance of human capital theory when studying refugees´ learning and integration. The results also have didactic and pedagogical implications as the study contributes to showing how education and socioeconomic class had relationship with students’ attitudes towards textbooks.Keywords: immigration, attitudes, participation, human capital, textbooks, content

Disease and Human Capital Accumulation: Evidence from the Roll Back Malaria Partnership in Africa*

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kuecken ◽  
Josselin Thuilliez ◽  
Marie-Anne Valfort
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Roll Back Malaria ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Experimental Variation ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Roll Back

Abstract We estimate the effects of a large-scale anti-malaria campaign on a rich set of human capital outcomes in 27 Sub-Saharan African countries. Using pre-campaign malaria risk as treatment probability, we exploit quasi-experimental variation in period and cohort exposure to anti-malaria campaigns. A conservative interpretation of our results shows a globally positive impact malaria aid: campaigns reduced the probability of infant mortality (1 percentage point) and birth (0.4 p.p.) and increased educational attainment (0.4 years) and the likelihood of adult paid employment (6 p.p.). These findings demonstrate how the effects of sweeping disease reduction efforts extend beyond health outcomes.

Human Capital Formation and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan African Countries: An Empirical Investigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-268
Author(s):  
Taiwo Akinlo ◽  
Olusola Joel Oyeleke
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Generalised Method Of Moments ◽  
The Impact

This study explored human capital–economic growth nexus and determine if the relationship is influenced by the level of economic development in 36 sub-Saharan African countries during the period from 1986–2018. The study used dynamic generalised method of moments (GMM) and static estimations to achieve the objective of the study. The study used alternative indicators of human capital to provide strong evidence and robust results. The study also considered the income groups within the region. The study found that human capital contributed to economic growth, as its indicators are positive and significant. The study also found that the connection that exists between human capital and economic growth also depends on the level of economic development. Generally, our finding emphasised that both education and health measures of human capital are important, and that policymakers must consider the level of economic development while formulating policies that can enhance the impact of human capital on economic growth in the Sub-Saharan Africa region.

scholarly journals Corrigendum

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-316
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Community Context ◽  
And Child Health

Smith-Greenaway, Emily. 2017. “Community Context and Child Health: A Human Capital Perspective.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 58(3):307–21. (Original DOI: 10.1177/0022146517718897)

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