scholarly journals Peer Network Processes in Adolescents’ Health Lifestyles

2021 ◽  
pp. 002214652110543
Author(s):  
jimi adams ◽  
Elizabeth M. Lawrence ◽  
Joshua A. Goode ◽  
David R. Schaefer ◽  
Stefanie Mollborn
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Friendship Networks ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Health Lifestyles ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Peer Network ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
And Behavior

Combining theories of health lifestyles—interrelated health behaviors arising from group-based identities—with those of network and behavior change, we investigated network characteristics of health lifestyles and the role of influence and selection processes underlying these characteristics. We examined these questions in two high schools using longitudinal, complete friendship network data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Latent class analyses characterized each school’s predominant health lifestyles using several health behavior domains. School-specific stochastic actor-based models evaluated the bidirectional relationship between friendship networks and health lifestyles. Predominant lifestyles remained stable within schools over time, even as individuals transitioned between lifestyles. Friends displayed greater similarity in health lifestyles than nonfriend dyads. Similarities resulted primarily from teens’ selection of friends with similar lifestyles but also from teens influencing their peers’ lifestyles. This study demonstrates the salience of health lifestyles for adolescent development and friendship networks.

scholarly journals Peer Network Processes in Adolescents' Health Lifestyles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
jimi adams ◽  
Elizabeth Lawrence ◽  
Joshua Goode ◽  
David R. Schaefer ◽  
Stefanie Mollborn
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Friendship Networks ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Friendship Network ◽  
Health Lifestyles ◽  
Latent Class Analyses ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Peer Network ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
And Behavior

Group-based lifestyles offer individuals a lens for making behavioral decisions. But how do lifestyles arise and change? We propose that friendship networks shape lifestyles, while simultaneously being a product of lifestyles. Combining theories of health lifestyles—interrelated health behaviors arising from group-based identities—with network and behavior change, we examined influence and selection processes between friendship networks and health lifestyles. We analyzed two high schools with longitudinal, complete friendship network data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Latent class analyses characterized each school’s predominant health lifestyles based on several health behavior domains. School-specific stochastic actor-based models (SABMs) evaluated the bidirectional relationship between friendship networks and health lifestyles. Predominant lifestyles remained stable within schools over time, even as individuals transitioned between lifestyles. In both schools, friends displayed more similarity in health lifestyles than other peers, and this similarity resulted primarily from selection, but also from influence processes.

Health Lifestyles in Adolescence and Self-rated Health into Adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M. Burdette ◽  
Belinda L. Needham ◽  
Miles G. Taylor ◽  
Terrence D. Hill
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Health Lifestyles ◽  
Health Lifestyle

Do health behaviors cluster together as health lifestyles in adolescence? Are these lifestyles socially patterned? Do these lifestyles impact physical health into adulthood? To answer these questions, we employed data from Waves 1 and 4 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health ( n = 7,827). Our latent class analysis revealed four health lifestyles: (a) low risk, (b) moderate risk with substance use, (c) moderate risk with inactivity, and (d) high risk. As suggested by health lifestyle theory, membership in these classes varied according to gender, race-ethnicity, and family structure. Consistent with the life course perspective, regression analyses indicated that those in the high-risk lifestyle tend to exhibit worse health in adolescence and adulthood than those in the low-risk lifestyle. Our findings confirm that socially patterned lifestyles can be observed in adolescence, and these lifestyles are potentially important for understanding the distribution of physical health across the early life course.

A general account of selection: Biology, immunology, and behavior

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Hull ◽  
Rodney E. Langman ◽  
Sigrid S. Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Operant Behavior ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Environmental Interaction ◽  
General Account ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
And Behavior

Authors frequently refer to gene-based selection in biological evolution, the reaction of the immune system to antigens, and operant learning as exemplifying selection processes in the same sense of this term. However, as obvious as this claim may seem on the surface, setting out an account of “selection” that is general enough to incorporate all three of these processes without becoming so general as to be vacuous is far from easy. In this target article, we set out such a general account of selection to see how well it accommodates these very different sorts of selection. The three fundamental elements of this account are replication, variation, and environmental interaction. For selection to occur, these three processes must be related in a very specific way. In particular, replication must alternate with environmental interaction so that any changes that occur in replication are passed on differentially because of environmental interaction.One of the main differences among the three sorts of selection that we investigate concerns the role of organisms. In traditional biological evolution, organisms play a central role with respect to environmental interaction. Although environmental interaction can occur at other levels of the organizational hierarchy, organisms are the primary focus of environmental interaction. In the functioning of the immune system, organisms function as containers. The interactions that result in selection of antibodies during a lifetime are between entities (antibodies and antigens) contained within the organism. Resulting changes in the immune system of one organism are not passed on to later organisms. Nor are changes in operant behavior resulting from behavioral selection passed on to later organisms. But operant behavior is not contained in the organism because most of the interactions that lead to differential replication include parts of the world outside the organism. Changes in the organism's nervous system are the effects of those interactions. The role of genes also varies in these three systems. Biological evolution is gene-based (i.e., genes are the primary replicators). Genes play very different roles in operant behavior and the immune system. However, in all three systems, iteration is central. All three selection processes are also incredibly wasteful and inefficient. They can generate complexity and novelty primarily because they are so wasteful and inefficient.

Applying SIENA

Methodology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Steglich ◽  
Tom A. B. Snijders ◽  
Patrick West
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Adolescent Development ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Friendship Networks ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Coevolution Process ◽  
And Behavior

We give a nontechnical introduction into recently developed methods for analyzing the coevolution of social networks and behavior(s) of the network actors. This coevolution is crucial for a variety of research topics that currently receive a lot of attention, such as the role of peer groups in adolescent development. A family of dynamic actor-driven models for the coevolution process is sketched, and it is shown how to use the SIENA software for estimating these models. We illustrate the method by analyzing the coevolution of friendship networks, taste in music, and alcohol consumption of teenagers.

Individual Differences in the Name Similarity Effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Howard ◽  
Roger A. Kerin
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Brand Attitude ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Similarity Effect ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Usage Context

The name similarity effect is the tendency to like people, places, and things with names similar to our own. Although many researchers have examined name similarity effects on preferences and behavior, no research to date has examined whether individual differences exist in susceptibility to those effects. This research reports the results of two experiments that examine the role of self-monitoring in moderating name similarity effects. In the first experiment, name similarity effects on brand attitude and purchase intentions were found to be stronger for respondents high, rather than low, in self-monitoring. In the second experiment, the interactive effect observed in the first study was found to be especially true in a public (vs. private) usage context. These findings are consistent with theoretical expectations of name similarity effects as an expression of egotism manifested in the image and impression management concerns of high self-monitors.

Party Leaders in the Czech Populist Parties and Movements

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
Michal Kubát ◽  
Maciej Hartliński
Keyword(s):  
Party Leaders ◽  
Official Position ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Significant Factors

AbstractThe aim of this article is to analyse the role and importance of leaders in the Czech populist parties and movements, as well as determining significant factors which condition their institutionalisation. The main focus will be placed on the role of leaders in establishing their respective parties, their formal position and intraparty selection processes in VV, ANO, SPD and ÚPD. Examples of actions taken by the leaders of ANO and SPD show that building populist parties on the foundation of the strong, formal and official position of the leader in their party as well as becoming open to more members prove effective when it comes to the discussed issues...

PERAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PEMBAYARAN RETRIBUSI SAMPAH DI KOTA SAMARINDA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Abd Rachim AF,
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Behavior

One of the environmental problems in urban areas is the pollution caused by garbage. The waste problem is caused by various factors such as population growth, living standards changes, lifestyles and behavior, as well as how the waste management system. This study aims to determine how the role of society to levy payments garbage in Samarinda. This research was descriptive; where the data is collected then compiled, described and analyzed used relative frequency analysis. The participation of the public to pay a "levy junk", which stated to pay 96.67%, for each month and the rates stated society cheap, moderate and fairly, respectively 46.08%, 21.21%, 21.04%. Base on the data , the role of the community to pay "levy junk" quite high.

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