Measuring Consumer Attitudes toward the Marketplace with Tailored Interviews

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siva K. Balasubramanian ◽  
Wagner A. Kamakura
Keyword(s):  
Cost Saving ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Potential Cost Saving ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Standard Error Of Measurement ◽  
Error Of Measurement

The authors demonstrate how item response theory can be applied for cost effective measurement of consumer attitudes with multi-item scales. The measurement technique they discuss and illustrate is tailored to each respondent so that each is asked only the scale items most informative of his or her attitude level. This approach yields attitude estimates from only a fraction of the total number of items in the attitude scale, with a measurable and controllable increase in the standard error of measurement. Potential cost-saving implications are discussed.

Free drugs in clinical trials and their potential cost saving impact on the National Health Service: A retrospective cost analysis in Italy

Lung Cancer ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Grossi ◽  
Carlo Genova ◽  
Nidia Diaz Gaitan ◽  
Maria Giovanna Dal Bello ◽  
Erika Rijavec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Cost Saving ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
National Health ◽  
Potential Cost Saving ◽  
Potential Cost

scholarly journals Estimated Health Benefits, Costs, and Cost-Effectiveness of Eliminating Industrial Trans-Fatty acids in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1720-1720
Author(s):  
Matti Marklund ◽  
Miaobing Zheng ◽  
J Lennert Veerman ◽  
Jason H Y Wu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Saving ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Life Years

Abstract Objectives To assess the potential cost-effectiveness, health gains, and effects on health equality of eliminating industrial trans-fatty acids (TFAs) from the Australian food supply. Methods Markov cohort models were used to estimate the cost-effectiveness and policy impact on (ischemic heart disease) IHD burden and health equity of a national ban of industrial TFAs in Australia. Intake of TFA was assessed using the 2011–2012 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. The IHD burden attributable to TFA was calculated by comparing the current level of TFA intake to a counterfactual setting (0.5% energy per day from TFA; corresponding to TFA intake only from non-industrial sources, e.g., dairy foods). Policy costs, avoided IHD events and deaths, health-adjusted life years (HALYs) gained, and IHD-related healthcare costs saved were estimated over 10 years and lifetime of the adult Australian population. Cost-effectiveness was assessed by calculation of incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) using net policy cost and HALYs gained. Health benefits and health care cost changes were also assessed in subgroups based on socioeconomic status and remoteness. Results Elimination of industrial TFA was estimated to prevent 2,294 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 1,765; 2,851) IHD deaths and 9,931 (95% UI: 8,429; 11,532) IHD events over the first 10 years. The greatest health benefits were accrued to the most socioeconomically disadvantaged quintiles and among Australians living outside of major cities. The intervention was estimated to be cost-saving or cost-effective (i.e., ICER < 169,361 AUD/HALY) regardless of the time horizon, with ICERs of 1,073 (95% UI: dominant; 3,503) and 1,956 (95% UI: 1,010; 2,750) AUD/HALY over 10 years and life time, respectively. The TFA ban was estimated to be cost-saving or highly cost-effective in sensitivity analyses altering assumptions of post-intervention TFA intake, abundance of TFA-containing products, or discount rate. Conclusions A ban of industrial TFAs could avert substantial numbers of IHD events and deaths in Australia and will likely be a highly cost-effective strategy to reduce social-economic and urban-rural inequalities in health. Funding Sources National Health and Medical Research Council; and UNSW.

scholarly journals Maximum potential cost-savings attributable to generic substitution of antipsychotics 2008 to 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 356-363
Author(s):  
D. Husselmann ◽  
R. Joubert ◽  
J. R. Burger ◽  
M. S. Lubbe ◽  
M. Cockeran
Keyword(s):  
Cost Saving ◽  
Generic Substitution ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Potential Cost Saving ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Total Potential ◽  
Nationally Representative

Background: Schizophrenia is a costly illness to treat, especially during a time of escalating medicine inflation costs, putting a large economic strain on patients, their families and the community. Treatment, however, can become more affordable through generic substitution.Objective: To determine the maximum potential cost-saving through generic substitution for both originator and more expensive generic items while observing the prescribing patterns of antipsychotics.Method: Antipsychotic medicine usage was analysed retrospectively during the study period 2008 to 2013 using data obtained from a nationally representative Pharmaceutical Benefit Management Company. The study population consisted of 4410 patients with ICD-10 codes (F20-F20.9) who had paid claims for an antipsychotic reimbursed from their prescribed minimum benefits. Active ingredients were identified using the MIMS classification system. Maximum potential cost savings were determined by substituting all originator and more expensive generic antipsychotic items with the cost of the least expensive generic antipsychotic item available.Results: Through generic substitution, a total potential cost-saving of ZAR4 642 685.45 could be possible from 2008 to 2013. Average cost per items increased from ZAR600.53 ± ZAR435.00 (median ZAR 539.82) in 2008 to ZAR1 196.59 ± ZAR 942.16 (median ZAR 940.72) in 2013 and had a significant effect on patients' contribution, which increased with 726.94% from 2005 to 2008. Psychiatrists prescribed the majority of antipsychotics. Although generic items claimed increased by 60.31% during the study period, psychiatrist still favoured non-generic prescribing (40.63%).Conclusions: Potential economic benefits can be generated with generic substitution.

scholarly journals The potential cost-effectiveness of controlling dengue in Indonesia using wMel Wolbachia released at scale: a modelling study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver J. Brady ◽  
Dinar D. Kharisma ◽  
Nandyan N. Wilastonegoro ◽  
Kathleen M. O’Reilly ◽  
Emilie Hendricx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Saving ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Density ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Virus Blocking

AbstractBackgroundRelease of virus-blocking Wolbachia infected mosquitoes is an emerging disease control strategy that aims to control dengue and other arboviral infections. Early entomological data and modelling analyses have suggested promising outcomes and wMel Wolbachia releases are now ongoing or planned in 12 countries. To help inform potential scale-up beyond single city releases, we assessed this technology’s cost-effectiveness under different programmatic options.MethodsUsing costing data from existing Wolbachia releases, previous estimates of Wolbachia effectiveness, and a spatially-explicit model of release and surveillance requirements, we predicted the costs and effectiveness of the on-going programme in Yogyakarta City and three new hypothetical programmes in Yogyakarta Special Autonomous Region, Jakarta and Bali.ResultsWe predicted Wolbachia to be a highly cost-effective intervention when deployed in high density urban areas with gross cost-effectiveness ratios below $1,500 per DALY averted. When offsets from the health system and societal perspective were included, such programmes even became cost saving over 10-year time horizons with favourable benefit-cost ratios of 1.35 to 3.40. Sequencing Wolbachia releases over ten years could reduce programme costs by approximately 38% compared to simultaneous releases everywhere, but also delays the benefits. Even if unexpected challenges occurred during deployment, such as emergence of resistance in the medium-term or low effective coverage, Wolbachia would remain a cost saving intervention.ConclusionsWolbachia releases in high density urban areas is expected to be highly cost-effective and could potentially be the first cost saving intervention for dengue. Sites with strong public health infrastructure, fiscal capacity, and community support should be prioritized.

scholarly journals Cost-savings accruable to removing value added tax from antiretrovirals in the South African private health sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varsha Bangalee ◽  
Fatima Suleman
Keyword(s):  
Cost Saving ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Potential Cost Saving ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Potential Cost

Background: Despite the important and essential role that medicines play in any society, all medicines, including those identified as essential, are uniformly subjected to 14% value added tax (VAT), regardless of their therapeutic value in the private healthcare sector of South Africa. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the potential cost-saving attained from the removal of VAT from the private sector pricing of essential medicines, using antiretroviral treatment as an example.Methods: An empirical analysis was undertaken to illustrate the potential cost-saving achieved by removing VAT from the Single Exit Price and the dispensing fee of essential medicines. This outcome was demonstrated by applying the methodology to an adult fixed dose combination 1st line antiretroviral regimen as well as to a group of 3rd line antiretroviral medicines.Results: The potential saving for the lowest priced generic and originator 1st line antiviral regimen accrued to ZAR 693.84 and ZAR 1085.04 over a year respectively. Regarding the 3rd line antiretroviral drugs, results yielded an annual saving of ZAR 1678.68 (darunavir), ZAR5741.04 (maraviroc) and ZAR 159.48 (rilpivirine).Conclusions: Lobbying for the removal of VAT from the supply chain of medicines should be intensified. Policy development to monitor and recover lost government revenue through the removal of taxes should be explored.

scholarly journals Reuse of balloon catheters for coronary angioplasty: A potential cost-saving strategy?

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1475-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Plante ◽  
Bradley H. Strauss ◽  
Gilles Goulet ◽  
Randal K. Watson ◽  
Robert J. Chisholm
Keyword(s):  
Cost Saving ◽  
Coronary Angioplasty ◽  
Potential Cost Saving ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Balloon Catheters
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