scholarly journals Motivation and opportunity for conflict-induced migration: An analysis of Syrian migration timing

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Schon
Keyword(s):  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Witnessing Violence ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Witness Violence ◽  
Syrian Conflict

How do civilians decide when to leave their homes during conflict? Existing research emphasizes the role of violence in driving civilian migration decisions. Yet, migration timing often does not correspond with the timing of violence. To explain this discrepancy, I argue that violence fits within broader considerations of motivation and opportunity to migrate. Witnessing violence triggers post-traumatic growth that delays narrative ruptures and the subsequent migration that they motivate. Civilians who have ‘wasta’ – an advantaged social position resulting from some combination of money and connections – have the opportunity to migrate safely. Civilians who possess both motivation and opportunity migrate earlier. I use over 170 structured interviews with Syrian refugees in Turkey to test this argument. Descriptively, respondents who did not witness violence (early motivation) left their homes seven months earlier, on average. Respondents with wasta (opportunity) left their homes one full year earlier, on average. Respondents who both did not witness violence (early motivation) and had wasta left their homes approximately one and a half years earlier, on average. Cox proportional hazard models reveal that respondents only migrated earlier in the conflict if they had both early motivation and opportunity. Open-ended responses from the interviews support the quantitative results and help explain their causal mechanisms. These findings contribute to understandings of conflict-induced migration, civil war, and the Syrian conflict.

scholarly journals Association between post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and bone fractures after the Great East Japan Earthquake in older adults: a prospective cohort study from the Fukushima Health Management Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumikazu Hayashi ◽  
◽  
Tetsuya Ohira ◽  
Hironori Nakano ◽  
Masanori Nagao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background It has been reported that psychological stress affects bone metabolism and increases the risk of fracture. However, the relationship between bone fractures and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of disaster-induced PTSD symptoms on fracture risk in older adults. Methods This study evaluated responses from 17,474 individuals aged ≥ 65 years without a history of fractures during the Great East Japan Earthquake who answered the Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey component of the Fukushima Health Management Survey conducted in 2011. The obtained data could determine the presence or absence of fractures until 2016. Age, sex, physical factors, social factors, psychological factors, and lifestyle factors were subsequently analyzed. Survival analysis was then performed to determine the relationship between the fractures and each factor. Thereafter, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to identify fracture risk factors. Results In total, 2,097 (12.0%) fractures were observed throughout the follow-up period. Accordingly, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models showed that PTSD symptoms (total PTSD checklists scoring ≥ 44) [hazard ratio (HR): 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–1.44; P = 0.001], history of cancer (HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.24–1.79; P < 0.001), history of stroke (HR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.03–1.52; P = 0.023), history of heart disease (HR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.13–1.50; P < 0.001), history of diabetes (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.09–1.39; P < 0.001), current smoking (HR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.02–1.63; P = 0.036), and high dissatisfaction with sleep or no sleep at all (HR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.02–1.74; P = 0.035) promoted a significant increase in fracture risk independent of age and sex. Conclusions The present study indicates that disaster-induced PTSD symptoms and insomnia contribute to increased fracture risk among older adults residing in evacuation areas within the Fukushima Prefecture.

Posttraumatic Growth Experiences of Adolescents With Parental Loss: A Phenomenological Study

2022 ◽  
pp. 003022282110486
Author(s):  
Fatma Altınsoy
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Parental Loss ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Phenomenological Design

This study examines the post-traumatic growth of adolescents who have lost their parents about their experiences. Eight adolescents whose parents had died participated in the study conducted in the phenomenological design. The data were collected with three-step semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the phenomenological analysis technique performed in five stages. The findings were grouped into three main themes as “reactions to loss,” “readjustment,” and “post-traumatic growth,” and nine subthemes under each, and these sub-themes were categorized into forty-five codes.

scholarly journals Association between post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and bone fractures after the Great East Japan Earthquake in older adults: a prospective cohort study from the Fukushima Health Management Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumikazu Hayashi ◽  
Tetsuya Ohira ◽  
Hironori Nakano ◽  
Masanori Nagao ◽  
Kanako Okazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background Psychological stress has been known to affect bone metabolism and increase fracture risk. However, the association between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and bone fractures remains unclear. The current study aimed to clarify the effects of disaster-induced PTSD symptoms on fracture risk in older adults.Methods This study analyzed responses from 17,459 individuals aged ≥65 without a history of fractures at the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake who answered the Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey component of the Fukushima Health Management Survey conducted in 2011. Obtained data were able to determine the presence or absence of fractures until 2016. Age, sex, physical factors, social factors, psychological factors, and lifestyle factors were subsequently analyzed. Survival analysis was then performed to determine the relationship between each factor and fractures. Thereafter, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to identify fracture risk factors.Results A total of 2,097 (12.0%) fractures occurred during the follow-up period. Accordingly, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models showed that PTSD symptoms (total PTSD checklists scoring ≥ 44) [hazard ratio (HR): 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–1.44; P = 0.001], history of cancer (HR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.23–1.79; P < 0.001), history of stroke (HR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.04–1.52; P = 0.021), history of heart disease (HR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.13–1.49; P < 0.001), history of diabetes (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.09–1.39; P = 0.001), current smoking (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.01–1.61; P = 0.045), and high dissatisfaction with sleep or no sleep at all (HR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.04–1.77; P = 0.024) promoted a significant increase in fracture risk independent of age and sex.Conclusions The present study indicate that disaster-induced PTSD symptoms and insomnia could contribute to increased fracture risk among older adults residing in evacuation areas within Fukushima prefecture.

scholarly journals Hospital Clowning as a Way to Overcome Trauma

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 207-234
Author(s):  
Alyona Ivanova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Post Traumatic

Hospital clowning is a relatively new social practice for patients under prolonged medical treatment by means of play, fantasy, and humor. Opposed to circus or theater, hospital clowning is based on an individual, personal contact with a patient. It is not accidental that this social practice plays an important role not only in clinical context, but also as a wider social phenomenon. In the modern world with its tendencies of globalization, virtualization, standardization, isolation, and specialization the value of intimate face-to-face communication is gradually increasing. The study aimed at exploring the relationship between hospital clowning and trauma: 1) trauma of the patient; 2) trauma of the clown; 3) meeting of the two traumas in the interaction within hospital clowning; and 4) hospital clowning as a social movement in the traumatized modern society. In order to reach such a complex goal, a combination of a literature review, empirical study, and single observations was applied. The empirical study was conducted in cooperation with a Russian organization “Doctor Clown”, and included 19 semi-structured interviews with working clowns. The results revealed three kinds of trauma related to hospital clowning. First, the trauma of the patient, a victim of the modern medicine. Second, the trauma of the clown, which may lead them to practicing clowning. Hospital clowning may have a healing and developing impact not only for the patients, but also for the clowns themselves. Third, the collective trauma in the modern society, which is being treated by clowning in the most general sense. Based on the modern concept of coexisting positive and negative aspects of trauma, such as post-traumatic growth and post-traumatic depreciation, some practical implications, such as professional selection of the clowns, are discussed.

scholarly journals Association between post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and bone fractures after the Great East Japan Earthquake in older adults: a prospective cohort study from the Fukushima Health Management Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumikazu Hayashi ◽  
Tetsuya Ohira ◽  
Hironori Nakano ◽  
Masanori Nagao ◽  
Kanako Okazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background Psychological stress has been known to affect bone metabolism and increase fracture risk. However, the association between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and bone fractures remains unclear. The current study aimed to clarify the effects of disaster-induced PTSD symptoms on fracture risk in older adults.Methods This study analyzed responses from 17,474 individuals aged ≥65 without a history of fractures at the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake who answered the Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey component of the Fukushima Health Management Survey conducted in 2011. Obtained data were able to determine the presence or absence of fractures until 2016. Age, sex, physical factors, social factors, psychological factors, and lifestyle factors were subsequently analyzed. Survival analysis was then performed to determine the relationship between each factor and fractures. Thereafter, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to identify fracture risk factors.Results A total of 2,097 (12.0%) fractures occurred during the follow-up period. Accordingly, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models showed that PTSD symptoms (total PTSD checklists scoring ≥ 44) [hazard ratio (HR): 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–1.44; P = 0.001], history of cancer (HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.24–1.79; P < 0.001), history of stroke (HR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.03–1.52; P = 0.023), history of heart disease (HR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.13–1.50; P < 0.001), history of diabetes (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.09–1.39; P < 0.001), current smoking (HR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.02–1.63; P = 0.036), and high dissatisfaction with sleep or no sleep at all (HR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.02–1.74; P = 0.035) promoted a significant increase in fracture risk independent of age and sex.Conclusions The present study indicates that disaster-induced PTSD symptoms and insomnia contribute to increased fracture risk among older adults residing in evacuation areas within Fukushima Prefecture.

scholarly journals Association between post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and bone fractures after the Great East Japan Earthquake in older adults: a prospective cohort study from the Fukushima Health Management Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumikazu Hayashi ◽  
Tetsuya Ohira ◽  
Hironori Nakano ◽  
Masanori Nagao ◽  
Kanako Okazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background It has been reported that psychological stress affects bone metabolism and increases the risk of fracture. However, the relationship between bone fractures and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of disaster-induced PTSD symptoms on fracture risk in older adults.Methods This study evaluated responses from 17,474 individuals aged ≥65 years without a history of fractures during the Great East Japan Earthquake who answered the Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey component of the Fukushima Health Management Survey conducted in 2011. The obtained data could determine the presence or absence of fractures until 2016. Age, sex, physical factors, social factors, psychological factors, and lifestyle factors were subsequently analyzed. Survival analysis was then performed to determine the relationship between the fractures and each factor. Thereafter, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to identify fracture risk factors.Results In total, 2,097 (12.0%) fractures were observed throughout the follow-up period. Accordingly, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models showed that PTSD symptoms (total PTSD checklists scoring ≥ 44) [hazard ratio (HR): 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–1.44; P = 0.001], history of cancer (HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.24–1.79; P < 0.001), history of stroke (HR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.03–1.52; P = 0.023), history of heart disease (HR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.13–1.50; P < 0.001), history of diabetes (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.09–1.39; P < 0.001), current smoking (HR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.02–1.63; P = 0.036), and high dissatisfaction with sleep or no sleep at all (HR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.02–1.74; P = 0.035) promoted a significant increase in fracture risk independent of age and sex.Conclusions The present study indicates that disaster-induced PTSD symptoms and insomnia contribute to increased fracture risk among older adults residing in evacuation areas within the Fukushima Prefecture.

scholarly journals Associations between bone fractures and post-traumatic stress disorder after the Great East Japan Earthquake in the older adult: a prospective cohort study from the Fukushima Health Management Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumikazu Hayashi ◽  
Tetsuya Ohira ◽  
Hironori Nakano ◽  
Masanori Nagao ◽  
Kanako Okazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background Bone metabolism is known to be affected by psychological stress, and increased psychological stress could increase fracture risk. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of mental health deterioration caused by disaster on fracture risk in the older adult. Methods This study analyzed the responses of those who answered the Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey component of the Fukushima Health Management Survey conducted in 2011: a total of 13,768 people aged 65 or more who had no history of fractures at the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake. We were able to track the presence or absence of a fracture until 2016. The analysis included age, sex, physical factors, social factors, psychological factors, and lifestyle factors. A survival analysis was performed on the relationship between each item and the fracture. Then, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to identify fracture risk factors. Results A total of 1,687 (12.3%) fractures occurred during the observation period. As a result of univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, those at high risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (PTSD checklists ≥ 44) (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.38; P = 0.039), history of cancer (HR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.28–1.93; P < 0.001), history of stroke (HR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.08–1.65; P = 0.009), history of heart disease (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.05–1.45; P = 0.012), history of diabetes (HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.05–1.39; P = 0.007), and who reported being extremely dissatisfied with sleep or not being able to sleep at all (HR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.04–1.89; P = 0.025), had a significant increase in fracture risk independent of age and sex. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that chronic psychological stress caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake could have contributed to increased fracture risk in the older adult. Therefore, understanding bone mineral density, offering active psychological care to reduce psychosocial stress, and providing sleep guidance are important for preventing fractures in older adult residents, particularly those in evacuation areas.

Post-traumatic growth and inclusive positivity

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ito ◽  
M. Ozaki ◽  
N. Hanssen
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Post Traumatic
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document