Effects of Pitch Source on Pitch-Matching and Intonation Accuracy of Collegiate Singers

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-285
Author(s):  
Jessica Nápoles ◽  
D. Gregory Springer ◽  
Brian A. Silvey ◽  
Kari Adams
Keyword(s):  
Tuning Fork ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pitch Matching ◽  
Pitch Deviation ◽  
Intonation Accuracy ◽  
Multiple Reference

In this study, we examined the effects of multiple reference pitch sources on collegiate singers’ accuracy in pitch-matching and intonation tasks. We also investigated which reference pitch source participants preferred and for what reasons. Participants ( N = 99) sang a two-measure excerpt of Joseph Dearest, Joseph Mine after listening to the starting pitch of A on a pitch pipe, the piano, a vocal hum, or a tuning fork in two conditions. For one tuning fork condition, participants’ starting pitch was an A, the same pitch as the tuning fork. For the other tuning fork condition, their starting pitch was a G, a different pitch than the tuning fork. We selected two pitches for analysis, each corresponding to the first syllable of the word Joseph. We then analyzed pitch deviation of the two target notes from the reference pitch in each condition. Participants were most accurate in response to the piano and least accurate in response to the tuning fork when their starting pitch was a G. Participants expressed preference for the piano (37.12%) as their pitch source, followed closely by the pitch pipe (33.33%).

Graphic Records of Impact

1891 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 192-192
Author(s):  
Tait
Keyword(s):  
Tuning Fork ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plate Glass ◽  
Printing Ink ◽  
Periodic Current ◽  
Impact Experiments ◽  
Needle Point

The apparatus for Impact experiments, which was exhibited to the Society on 20th February 1888, has been greatly improved by the substitution of a very true slab of plate-glass, thinly covered with printing-ink, for the sheet of cartridge paper. The record is made by a needle-point which projects from the falling body, and which is kept in constant contact with the plate by means of a light spring. The time of rotation of the plate is given by a tuning-fork, with a small bristle attached, which is kept in vibration by a periodic current, and records alongside of the other tracings.

4. Note on an Electric Sonometer

1882 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
James Blyth
Keyword(s):  
Tuning Fork ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clear Space ◽  
The Wire ◽  
A Current

The apparatus consists of an ordinary sonometer with five feet clear space between the two end bridges, and having a wire stretched from one end to the other. A current from eight or ten Grove's cells, interrupted by a tuning fork which vibrates 128 times per second, is sent through the wire. At a distance about a fifth of its length from the end of the wire a large electro-magnet, with pointed poles, is placed so that the line joining the poles is at right angles to the wires. The poles are also put close to the wire, but leaving it freedom to vibrate. When a current from eight Grove's cells is sent through the coils of the electro-magnet, the wire begins to sound, and by altering its tension the fundamental note of the wire comes out loud and clear. The wire is also seen to be vibrating as a whole; and the vibrations are also seen to be in the plane perpendicular to the line joining the poles. By shifting the electro-magnet a little, and regulating the tension of the wire, it is seen to divide into nodes and loops with one, with two, with three nodes in its length, thus giving the harmonics of the fundamental note.

Numerical Simulation of Internal Flow in Stamping and Welding Multistage Centrifugal Pump

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 2608-2611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yi Liu ◽  
Rui Guang Li ◽  
Kai Sun
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Pump ◽  
Function Method ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Flow Regulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wall Function ◽  
Multistage Centrifugal Pump ◽  
Multistage Pump ◽  
Multiple Reference

Based on the Reynolds time-averaged N-S equations and standard k-ε two-equation turbulent mode, using multiple reference model and wall function method, the inner flow fields were simulated which is a part of three different kinds of impeller on stamping and welding multistage centrifugal pump by CFD software FLUENT. The characteristic of internal flow on multistage pump was analyzed base on the calculated results, so as to reveal how the flow regulation influences performance of pump. The result shows the internal flow condition in the distort-type impeller pump is more reasonable than the other two groups, there is not the flagrant whirlpool and the capability of cavitation-resistant is strong.

Effect of Melodic Context, Tuning Behaviors, and Experience on the Intonation Accuracy of Wind Players

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Performance ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Band Students ◽  
Performance Accuracy ◽  
Verbal Instructions ◽  
Wind Players ◽  
Pitch Deviation ◽  
High School Musicians ◽  
Intonation Accuracy

In the first of two experiments, subjects ( N = 137) were band students with 1, 2, 3, or 4 years of formal instrumental performance experience. Subjects tuned to a single prerecorded tuning pitch and subsequently played along with a prerecorded four-measure melody. Direction and magnitude of pitch deviation were analyzed for the single tuning pitch and four selected target pitches within the melody. Responses to the tuning pitch were more accurate than for the melodic pitches. There was a high positive correlation among the four melodic pitches, but a low positive correlation between the melodic pitches and tuning pitch. In a second experiment, high school musicians ( N = 167) played along with the same prerecorded melody after either (a) tuning their instrument to a single pitch, (b) receiving verbal instructions to perform “in tune,” or (c) receiving no information. No differences were observed among the three conditions. Students who first tuned to a single pitch were more accurate at this task than at melodic performance. A high correlation was observed among melodic pitches but not between melodic and tuning pitches. Across both experiments, subjects erred most often in the sharp direction; a stronger tendency toward sharp errors was noted among more experienced students. Performance accuracy was observed to improve with experience.

Structure of mono-acid even-numbered β-triacylglycerols

1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjen van Langevelde ◽  
Kees van Malssen ◽  
Frank Hollander ◽  
René Peschar ◽  
Henk Schenk
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Tuning Fork ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Overlap Model

The crystal structure of the β polymorph of tripalmitin (1,2,3-trihexadecanoylglycerol, β-PPP) has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The molecules crystallize in space group P1¯ in an asymmetric tuning-fork conformation. This structure and the already-known crystal structures of β-tricaprin (β-CCC) and β-trilaurin (β-LLL) could be matched in an overlap model. Apart from a difference in chain length, the three structures are almost identical. The overlap model can be used to predict the crystal structure of the other members of the C n C n C n -type (n = even) TAG series reasonably accurately. This is demonstrated by predicting the crystal structure for β-trimyristin (β-MMM) and successively comparing the experimental and calculated X-ray powder diagrams.

Effects of Learning Modalities on Melodic and Rhythmic Retention and on Vocal Pitch-Matching by Preschool Children

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1231-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Cummings Persellin
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Music Instruction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Pitch Matching ◽  
Learning Modalities ◽  
Vocal Pitch

To assess whether melodic and rhythmic retention as well as pitch-matching ability could be improved through use of learning modalities, 61 children ages 4 and 5 years were presented music instruction in one of four ways, visually (seeing visual aids with the music), auditorily (singing and listening), kinesthetically (moving to music), or through multimodal presentations. Analysis indicated that preschool children receiving the auditory and multimodal treatments scored significantly higher on both the melodic and rhythmic posttests than on pretests. Children receiving kinesthetic treatment scored significantly lower on both the melodic and rhythmic posttests than the other three classes. Further, children in the auditory and multimodal classes matched pitch significantly better at posttest than children in either the visual or kinesthetic classes.

Effects of Tonic Drone Accompaniments on the Intonation of Collegiate Wind Instrumentalists

2020 ◽  
pp. 002242942097438
Author(s):  
D. Gregory Springer ◽  
Brian A. Silvey ◽  
Jessica Nápoles ◽  
Victoria Warnet
Keyword(s):  
Music Educators ◽  
Just Intonation ◽  
Instructional Tools ◽  
Wind Instrumentalists ◽  
Performance Differences ◽  
Equal Temperament ◽  
Intonation Accuracy ◽  
Multiple Reference

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of tonic drone accompaniments on the intonation of collegiate wind instrumentalists. Participants ( N = 68) played an excerpt of the melody “Long, Long Ago” in three conditions: a mono drone (tonic note only), dyad drone (tonic plus fifth), and a control condition (no drone). Results indicated no significant effects on intonation performance due to drone condition. However, participants’ ratings of their own intonation accuracy differed significantly based on drone condition. The majority of the performances of the melody aligned more closely with equal temperament ( n = 159), and fewer aligned more closely with just intonation ( n = 45). Most participants believed the dyad drone (59.74%) resulted in their best intonation accuracy, followed by the mono drone (28.57%) and the control condition (11.68%). In response to open-ended questions, participants cited reasons why they preferred particular drone conditions, with the most common themes being “easier to hear and match,” “multiple reference pitches,” and “focused/directed listening.” Given that participants expressed preferences regarding drone use in the absence of performance differences, music educators may consider the role of comfort and familiarity with these instructional tools.

Stromatoporoids from the Famennian (Devonian) Wabamun Formation, Normandville oilfield, north–central Alberta, Canada

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (03) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin W. Stearn
Keyword(s):  
Patch Reef ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Central ◽  
Biotic Crisis

Stromatoporoids are the principal framebuilding organisms in the patch reef that is part of the reservoir of the Normandville field. The reef is 10 m thick and 1.5 km2in area and demonstrates that stromatoporoids retained their ability to build reefal edifices into Famennian time despite the biotic crisis at the close of Frasnian time. The fauna is dominated by labechiids but includes three non-labechiid species. The most abundant species isStylostroma sinense(Dong) butLabechia palliseriStearn is also common. Both these species are highly variable and are described in terms of multiple phases that occur in a single skeleton. The other species described areClathrostromacf.C. jukkenseYavorsky,Gerronostromasp. (a columnar species), andStromatoporasp. The fauna belongs in Famennian/Strunian assemblage 2 as defined by Stearn et al. (1988).

D. The Line Spectrum of Pulsating Variable Stars

1967 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 207-244
Author(s):  
R. P. Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Variable Stars ◽  
The Other ◽  
Line Spectrum ◽  
Afternoon Session ◽  
Empirical Information ◽  
Pulsating Variable Stars ◽  
Almost Continuous ◽  
Informal Approach

(Ed. note:Encouraged by the success of the more informal approach in Christy's presentation, we tried an even more extreme experiment in this session, I-D. In essence, Kraft held the floor continuously all morning, and for the hour and a half afternoon session, serving as a combined Summary-Introductory speaker and a marathon-moderator of a running discussion on the line spectrum of cepheids. There was almost continuous interruption of his presentation; and most points raised from the floor were followed through in detail, no matter how digressive to the main presentation. This approach turned out to be much too extreme. It is wearing on the speaker, and the other members of the symposium feel more like an audience and less like participants in a dissective discussion. Because Kraft presented a compendious collection of empirical information, and, based on it, an exceedingly novel series of suggestions on the cepheid problem, these defects were probably aggravated by the first and alleviated by the second. I am much indebted to Kraft for working with me on a preliminary editing, to try to delete the side-excursions and to retain coherence about the main points. As usual, however, all responsibility for defects in final editing is wholly my own.)

C. The Continuous Spectrum of Pulsating Variable Stars

1967 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 177-206
Author(s):  
J. B. Oke ◽  
C. A. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Spectrum ◽  
Variable Stars ◽  
Velocity Fields ◽  
The Other ◽  
Line Spectrum ◽  
Direct Information ◽  
Thermodynamic Structure ◽  
Diagnostic Interpretation ◽  
Pulsating Variable Stars ◽  
The Continuum

Pecker:The topic to be considered today is the continuous spectrum of certain stars, whose variability we attribute to a pulsation of some part of their structure. Obviously, this continuous spectrum provides a test of the pulsation theory to the extent that the continuum is completely and accurately observed and that we can analyse it to infer the structure of the star producing it. The continuum is one of the two possible spectral observations; the other is the line spectrum. It is obvious that from studies of the continuum alone, we obtain no direct information on the velocity fields in the star. We obtain information only on the thermodynamic structure of the photospheric layers of these stars–the photospheric layers being defined as those from which the observed continuum directly arises. So the problems arising in a study of the continuum are of two general kinds: completeness of observation, and adequacy of diagnostic interpretation. I will make a few comments on these, then turn the meeting over to Oke and Whitney.

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