Effect of Melodic Context, Tuning Behaviors, and Experience on the Intonation Accuracy of Wind Players

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Performance ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Band Students ◽  
Performance Accuracy ◽  
Verbal Instructions ◽  
Wind Players ◽  
Pitch Deviation ◽  
High School Musicians ◽  
Intonation Accuracy

In the first of two experiments, subjects ( N = 137) were band students with 1, 2, 3, or 4 years of formal instrumental performance experience. Subjects tuned to a single prerecorded tuning pitch and subsequently played along with a prerecorded four-measure melody. Direction and magnitude of pitch deviation were analyzed for the single tuning pitch and four selected target pitches within the melody. Responses to the tuning pitch were more accurate than for the melodic pitches. There was a high positive correlation among the four melodic pitches, but a low positive correlation between the melodic pitches and tuning pitch. In a second experiment, high school musicians ( N = 167) played along with the same prerecorded melody after either (a) tuning their instrument to a single pitch, (b) receiving verbal instructions to perform “in tune,” or (c) receiving no information. No differences were observed among the three conditions. Students who first tuned to a single pitch were more accurate at this task than at melodic performance. A high correlation was observed among melodic pitches but not between melodic and tuning pitches. Across both experiments, subjects erred most often in the sharp direction; a stronger tendency toward sharp errors was noted among more experienced students. Performance accuracy was observed to improve with experience.

scholarly journals UPLC-MS/MS Determination of Linezolid and Heme in Plasma of Infected Patients and Correlation Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Xuemei Ye ◽  
Qin Lan ◽  
Xiaofang Ke ◽  
Lufeng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Haematological Toxicity ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Early Diagnose ◽  
The Relationship

Linezolid can cause serious haematological toxicity, such as thrombocytopenia and aneamia. Heme, composed of iron and porphyrin, is an important component of hemoglobin. In order to investigate the relationship between the concentration of linezolid and heme in the plasma of infected patients, a UPLC-MS/MS method that can determine the concentrations of linezolid and heme simultaneously was developed and validated. A total of 96 healthy subjects and 81 infected patients, who received blood routine blood tests, were included and determined by the UPLC-MS/MS method. The results showed that the concentration of linezolid was 5.08 ± 3.46   μ g / mL in infected patients who were treated with linezolid. The heme in healthy subjects was 7.05 ± 8.68   μ g / mL , and it was significantly decreased to 0.88 ± 0.79   μ g / mL in infected patients ( P < 0.01 ). Spearman correlation analysis showed that linezolid had a high negative correlation with platelet (PLT) ( R = − 0.309 ). Heme had a high positive correlation with hemoglobin (Hb) ( R = 0.249 ) in healthy subjects and infected patients. The ROC analysis showed that heme had diagnostic value to distinguish low Hb (110 g/L). In conclusion, there was a positive correlation between heme and Hb, and this correlation was also observed in infected patients. A high concentration of linezolid was inclined to decrease PLT. Monitoring of heme and linezolid helps in the early diagnose of low Hb and PLT.

scholarly journals Examining Oral Communication Apprehension, Competence and Performance among Tourism students in Vocational High School

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Anggia Sri Ryzky ◽  
Wendi Kusriandi
Keyword(s):  
Communication Apprehension ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Communication Competence ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Standard Score ◽  
Communication Performance ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
And Performance

This study, analyzed the students’ communication performance and competence in the speaking class. This study also measured the students’ communication apprehension level and its correlation with communication performance and competence. 30 students of second year students of SMK Pariwisata Kosgoro Cirebon took part in this study. The data were gathered through questionnaire, presentation test to get the score of communication performance and interview test to get the score of communication competence. The correlation study was used to investigate the relation of each variable. The result from the students’ performance showed that 66,7% of the students scored below the school standard score (75) and 70% of the students scored below standard score in the interview test. The participants showed the highest apprehension to public speaking and the lowest apprehension to group discussion. Their level of apprehension showed that 43.3% students were in moderate level and 56,7% students were in high level of apprehension. It was also found that communication apprehension was negatively correlated with communication performance. While the result from the correlation between communication apprehension and competence showed that there was a very low positive correlation but, there was a high positive correlation between communication competence and performance.

TIME OF SAMPLING AFTER AN IRRIGATION TO DETERMINE FIELD CAPACITY OF SOIL

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation

Drainage curves following irrigation were determined at six depths in eight soils having unrestricted drainage but varying widely in soil texture. The field capacities were determined under relatively high rates of evapotranspiration. The time after irrigation that it was necessary to wait before sampling the soil, to determine field capacity, was also determined. A high positive correlation was obtained between the log of field capacity in inches and the log of time after irrigation at which to sample the soil. The time varied from about 0.5 day with 1.5 in. field capacity to 4.0 days with 35 in. From the curves of soil moisture content versus time, the errors caused by sampling too soon or too late were determined. The percentage error (i.e. percent of field capacity) increased with an increase in the error in time of sampling; it decreased with an increase in field capacity in inches; and it was greater when sampling was too soon than when it was too late.

DIFFERENCES IN MARKET QUALITY BETWEEN BROILER STRAINS AS EVALUATED BY MARKET GRADING

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
E. S. Merritt
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Market Quality ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Canada Department

Chicks from 10 broiler strains were randomly allotted and reared at three farms. At 10 weeks of age a random sample consisting of 60 birds of each strain, with an equal number of each sex, was taken at each farm, slaughtered and market graded. At each farm, an official inspector graded the birds according to the standards of the Canada Department of Agriculture. Each bird was graded for the four grade factors: conformation, fleshing, fat and dressing.The number of birds in each grade class was not independent of farm, sex or strain. The 10 strains, ranked on grade scores, tended to rank in the same order at each farm, although the agreement was better for some grade factors than others, and was better when based on males than on females. On a strain rank basis, the grade scores for any one grade factor were not, in general, indicative of the scores for any other grade factor. Also on a strain rank basis, there was a high positive correlation between breast angle and grade scores for fleshing: body weight was not correlated with grade scores for any of the four grade factors, with the possible exception of conformation in the case of males.

scholarly journals Land cover change dominates decadal trends of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Qizhong Wu ◽  
Alex B. Guenther ◽  
Xiaochun Yang ◽  
Lanning Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
The South ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Isoprene Emission ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Satellite observations reveal that China has been leading the global greening trend in the past two decades. We assessed the impact of land cover change on total BVOC emission in China during 2001–2016 and found a significant increasing trend of 1.09 % yr−1 with increases of 1.35, 1.25 and 1.43 % yr−1 for isoprene, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, respectively. Comparison of different scenarios showed that vegetation change is the main driver of BVOC emission change in China. Considerable heterogeneity was observed on regional scales, with the highest increasing trends of BVOC emission found in the Qinling Mountains and in the south of China. The BVOC emission for the year 2016 in these two regions was enhanced by 61.89 and 67.64 % compared to that of 2001, respectively. We compared the long-term HCHO vertical columns (VC) from the satellite-based Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) with the estimation of isoprene emission in summer. The results showed statistically significant positive correlation coefficients over the regions with high vegetation cover fractions. In addition, the isoprene emission and HCHO VC both showed statistically significant increasing trends in the south of China where these two variables have high positive correlation coefficients. This result supports our estimation of the variability and trends of BVOC emission in China. Although anthropogenic sources comprise ∼63 % NMVOC emissions in China, the continued increase of BVOC will enhance the importance of considering BVOC when making policies for controlling ozone pollution in China along with ongoing efforts to reduce anthropogenic emissions.

Diversity Management and Organizational Socialization

2021 ◽  
pp. 532-552
Author(s):  
Melda Akbaba
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organizational Socialization ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Discriminative Approach ◽  
Tourism Enterprises

In the current study, it is aimed to determine the effect of diversity management on organizational socialization in tourism enterprises. For this purpose, a questionnaire was conducted with 215 employees who work in hotel enterprises with tourism operation certificate. Regression and correlation analysis were performed using the data obtained from the survey. Analysis results reveal that the diversity management practices in hotel enterprises positively affect the dimensions of organizational socialization, and organizational socialization dimensions are significantly explained by the diversity management dimensions. In addition, according to the correlation analysis results, there is a high positive correlation between diversity management and organizational socialization. In this context, the positive management of employee differences within the organization and non-discriminative approach positively affects the relationships of the employees with other and can increase their level of organizational socialization through job adaptation.

239 POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF SPERM DAMAGE CAUSED BY HEAT STRESS IN EUROPEAN BULLS RAISED IN TROPICAL ENVIRONMENTS

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
M. Nichi ◽  
R. P. Bertolla ◽  
T. B. Soler ◽  
C. N. M. Cortada ◽  
R. M. Zuge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Tropical Environments

Previous studies have indicated that semen of heat-stressed bulls shows impaired mitochondrial activity and high levels of oxidative stress, which may cause structural damage to biomolecules, DNA, lipids, carbohydrates and proteins, as well as other cellular components (Nichi et al. 2006 Theriogenology 66, 822–828). Disruption of the sperm mitochondria could have a potential damaging effect not only on an individual sperm cell but also on the surrounding cells, especially regarding the sperm membrane, possibly due to the release of a high amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in this environment (rich in electrons) that would then lead to oxidative stress. To test this hypothesis, semen samples of 11 Simmental bulls kept in tropical environments were collected during the summer months. Semen was evaluated as follows: the 3-3′ diaminobenzidine stain (DAB) as an index of mitochondrial activity, the hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) as an index of membrane integrity, measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as an index of lipid peroxidation, and measurement of the enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities. For correlation analysis, the Pearson test was used (variables were transformed when necessary), and for nonparametric variables, the Spearman rank test was used. A high positive correlation was found between sperm cells with highly active mitochondria (DAB class I) and the percentage of cells with intact membrane by HOST (r = 0.93; P < 0.05), and a negative correlation between the latter and the percentage of inactive mitochondria (r = –0.91; P < 0.05), indicating that the higher the percentage of cells showing impaired mitochondrial activity, the higher the percentage of cells with damaged membrane. There was also a positive correlation between TBARS and the percentage of cells with disrupted mitochondria (r = 0.86; P < 0.05), indicating that the higher the percentage of sperm with impaired mitochondrial activity, the higher the oxidative stress. No correlation existed between the enzymatic antioxidants and any of the variables studied. The results indicate that heat stress may lead to an increase in testicular ROS levels, overcoming the seminal antioxidant protection. This, in turn, may cause damage of the mitochondria and a subsequent release of more pro-oxidative substances, and an exponential increase of oxidative stress. Understanding these mechanisms may lead to more tailored antioxidant therapies in the future. The authors thank FAPESP for the scholarship and financial support.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Sensory Properties, and Emotions Induced for the Consumers of Nutraceutical Beverages Developed from Technological Functionalised Food Industry By-Products

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1620
Author(s):  
Egle Zokaityte ◽  
Vita Lele ◽  
Vytaute Starkute ◽  
Paulina Zavistanaviciute ◽  
Darius Cernauskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
By Products

This study aims to develop nutraceutical beverages containing food processing by-products in their formulation, and determine the opinion of consumers. This is done by testing whether they know that the main ingredients of the product are by-products, performing an overall acceptability test of the developed beverages, and evaluating the emotions induced by the newly developed beverages for consumers. The main ingredients used for the preparation of added-value beverages were fermented milk permeate (containing galactooligosaccharides), extruded and fermented wheat bran (WB) (containing ≥6.0 log10 CFU g−1 viable antimicrobial properties showing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains), and different fruit/berry by-products (FBB) (as a source of compounds showing antioxidant properties). The definition of the quantities of bioactive ingredients was based on the overall acceptability of the prepared beverages, as well as on emotions induced in consumers by the tested beverages. Functional properties of the developed beverages were proofed by the evaluation of their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, as well as viable LAB count during storage. Desirable changes in extruded and fermented WB were obtained: Fermentation reduced sugar concentration and pH in samples with predominant lactic acid isomer L(+). In addition, the viable LAB count in the substrate was higher than 6.0 log10 CFU g−1, and no enterobacteria remained. By comparing the overall acceptability of the beverages enriched with WB, the highest overall acceptability was shown for the samples prepared with 10 g of the extruded and fermented WB (7.9 points). FBB showed desirable antimicrobial activity: Shepherd inhibited—2, sea buckthorn—3, blueberries—5, and raspberries—7 pathogens from the 10 tested. Comparing different beverage groups prepared with different types of FBB, in most cases (except sea buckthorn), by increasing FBB content the beverages overall acceptability was increased, and the highest score (on average, 9.5 points) was obtained for the samples prepared with 5.0 and 7.5 g of blueberries FBB. Moreover, a very strong positive correlation (r = 0.8525) was found between overall acceptability and emotion “happy” induced in consumers by the prepared beverages enriched with extruded and fermented WB and FBB. By comparing the samples prepared with the addition of WB with samples prepared with WB and FBB, it was observed that most FBB increased total phenolic compounds (TPC) content (on average, by 9.0%), except in the case of samples prepared with sea buckthorn. A very high positive correlation (r = 0.9919) was established between TPC and antioxidant activity. Finally, it can be stated that the newly developed nutraceutical beverages were acceptable for consumers, induced positive emotions, and possessed desirable antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, while being prepared in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner.

scholarly journals Validity of Weight Estimation Models in Pigs Reared under Different Management Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvelous Sungirai ◽  
Lawrence Masaka ◽  
Tonderai Maxwell Benhura
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Large White ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

A study was carried out to determine the relationship between linear body measurements and live weight in Landrace and Large White pigs reared under different management conditions in Zimbabwe. Data was collected for body length, heart girth, and live weight in 358 pigs reared under intensive commercial conditions. The stepwise multiple linear regression method was done to develop a model using a random selection of 202 records of pigs. The model showed that age, body length, and heart girth were useful predictors of live weight in these pigs with significantly high positive correlations observed. The model was internally validated using records of the remaining 156 pigs and there was a significantly high positive correlation between the actual and predicted weights. The model was then externally validated using 40 market age pigs reared under communal conditions and there was a significantly low positive correlation between the actual and predicted weights. The results of the study show that while linear measurements can be useful in predicting pig weights the appropriateness of the model is also influenced by the management of the pigs. Models can only be applicable to pigs reared under similar conditions of management.

scholarly journals Effect of industrial processing for obtaining guava paste on the antioxidant compounds of guava (Psidium guajava l.) ‘Paluma’ cv.

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Wolf Tasca Del’Arco ◽  
Célia Maria de Sylos
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Dpph Activity

Abstract Some foods constituents are subject to change during thermal and/or industrial processing. In the fruit processing industry, guava pulp is used during guava off season to obtain guava paste, produced with the addition of sugar and citric acid, subjected to various thermal processes. This study evaluated the effect of industrial processing to obtain guava paste on the content of ascorbic acid, total carotenoids, total phenolic and total flavonoid present in guava ‘Paluma’ cv. The results showed that there was an increase of antioxidants in guava pulp (15% ascorbic acid, 59% total carotenoids, 8% total phenolics and 54.5% total flavonoids), probably due to their increased concentration as a result of water loss during processing. There was areduction in the contents of antioxidants compounds in guava paste (42, 13, 31 and 6.5% respectively). The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the DPPH method, and the results showed that guava ‘Paluma’ cv. and its byproducts have an important antioxidant capacity, with moderate positive correlation among guava anti-radical DPPH• activity with the contents of acid ascorbic, carotenoids and phenolics and, for the guava paste anti-radical DPPH• activity, there was very high positive correlation with the content of carotenoids and high positive correlation with total content of phenolic compounds.

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