Ideal Concept of Traditional Justice in Solving Criminal Case

Customary law is an unwritten rule that lives in the customary community of an area and will continue to live as long as the community still fulfils the customary law that was passed on to them from their ancestors before them. Settlement in criminal cases through customary law that produces results is a form of legal certainty. This study aims to determine the ideal concept in resolving criminal cases through customary courts in Merauke Papua. The method used in this study is a combination of normative legal research and empirical legal research with the reason that the author wants to examine the norms related to the problem of resolving customary criminal cases and seek direct information on the implementation of customary justice in Merauke Regency which is presented descriptively. recognition of customary courts must be stated in writing in the law on judicial power so that this institution has a clear legal basis and its decisions can be recognized so that it does not need to be tried again through national courts, criminal threats under five years must be resolved through customary courts and are final decisions Received: 23 August 2021 / Accepted: 25 October 2021 / Published: 3 January 2022

Beyond the artefact : promoting technology | Hơn cả cổ vật : quảng bá sự kỷ thuật học

Archaeological analyses usually rely on the physical traits of objects to draw conclusions about the societies that used them. Without questioning the importance of these studies, I would like to draw attention to the fact that the analyses of artefacts in archaeology often only questions the artefact in and for itself. What if we look beyond the artefact and get direct information on the human behaviours used to make them? This paper promotes the study of technical processes as means to address groups’ identities, contacts and history. Các phân tích khảo cổ học thường dựa vào các đặc điểm vật chất của cổ vật để đưa ra kết luận về xã hội mà nó thuộc về. Bài báo này không chất vấn tầm quan trọng của những nghiên cứu khảo cổ học như trên mà lưu ý đến thực tế là các phân tích về cổ vật trong khảo cổ học thường chỉ nghiên cứu về bản thân cổ vật đó. Sẽ thế nào nếu như chúng ta nghiên cứu hơn cả hình dáng của cổ vật mà trực tiếp thu thập thông tin nghiên cứu về hành vi của nhóm người đã tạo ra nó? Bài báo này chú trọng tới việc nghiên cứu các quy trình kỹ thuật,coi đó như một phương tiện nhằm tìm ra danh tính, cách thức trao đổi và lịch sử của các nhóm cộng đồng này.

Preventif Hipertensi dan Diabetes Mellitus pada Usia Produktif di Kelurahan Sungai Besar

Prevalensi of hypertension in indonesia according to the research and development of health ( balitbankes ) through from basic health research ( riskesdas ) 2018 now about 34,1 % where increase from preceding numbers in 2013 with the rest 25,8 %. The hypertension based on the prevalence of the measurement result to those age over or equal to as many as 18 in city Banjarbaru 32,83 %. In the year 2015 , indonesiaranked 7th top in the world to the total number of diabetics as many as 9.1 million people .In south kalimantan , prevalence of dm it is estimated that approximately 38.113 ( 1.4 % ) people of total population is more 14 years. The target and the outer covering of devotion isit can be used as a teaching lecture promoting the health and could increase as the application of science to the public. A method of activities are 3, first is the preparatory stageimplementation and evaluation. The outcome of the activities activities received responsevery such as the community because so far are still minimal interventions affecting cognitivethe people directly coupled with examination blood pressure and blood sugar. The conclusion of this activity ntusias his communities receive direct information on health especially a disease often happens in public as a preventive manner, early so the team havea good response devotion

Muscle systems and motility of early animals highlighted by cnidarians from the basal Cambrian

Although fossil evidence suggest that various animal groups were able to move actively through their environment in the early stages of their evolution, virtually no direct information is available on the nature of their muscle systems. The origin of jellyfish swimming, for example, is of great concern to biologists. Exceptionally preserved muscles are described here in benthic peridermal olivooid medusozoans from the basal Cambrian of China (Kuanchuanpu Formation, ca. 535 Ma) that have direct equivalent in modern medusozoans. They consist of circular fibers distributed over the bell surface (subumbrella) and most probably have a myoepithelial origin. This is the oldest record of a muscle system in cnidarians and more generally in animals. This basic system was probably co-opted by younger early Cambrian jellyfish to develop capacities for the jet-propelled swimming within the water column. Additional lines of fossil evidence obtained from ecdysozoans (worms and panarthropods) show that the muscle systems of early animals underwent a rapid diversification through the early Cambrian and increased their capacity to colonize a wide range of habitats both within the water column and sediment at a critical time of their evolutionary radiation.

A Census of Federally Regulated Big Cat Populations within the United States as of December 2020

No comprehensive assessment of the populations of big cats in federally regulated facilities in the United States is currently available. Concerns about big cat use are increasingly of strong public interest and the lack of data about their number and distribution has ramifications impacting zoological industry function, conservation programs, rescue work, and legislation. In this work a dataset has been compiled using publicly available USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) records and direct information requests. The resulting census was derived from the animal inventories listed on inspection records for all 2272 facilities with animal exhibition licenses. The total number of big cats in federally regulated facilities is on the order of 4100 animals and appears to be declining.

Comparison of weight per volume and protein nitrogen units in non-standardized allergen extracts: implications for prescribing subcutaneous immunotherapy

Background Allergen extracts used in subcutaneous immunotherapy can be standardized or non-standardized. Standardized extracts are available in specific biological potencies, presumably making their biological activity more consistent. The majority of allergen extracts are non-standardized and may have less consistent potencies. Non-standardized extracts are labeled as weight per volume or protein nitrogen units (PNUs). Neither method provides direct information regarding the extract’s biologic potency. The purpose of this study was to compare weight per volume versus PNU concentrations for 4 non-standardized allergen extracts prepared by two allergen manufacturers. The potencies were compared to current North American practice recommendations. Methods The weight per volume and PNU values were provided for 4 non-standardized extracts—birch, short ragweed, dog hair and Alternaria—from HollisterStier and Stallergenes Greer. Weight per volume and PNU concentrations were compared for each of these extracts from both manufacturers. From the raw data, we calculated the corresponding PNU values for a weight per volume of 1:100 and 1:200 for each extract. Similarly, we calculated the corresponding weight per volume including a range of PNU values, for 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 PNU/ml. Results Birch extract has low PNU concentration, below 5000, for a weight per volume of 1:200 for both HollisterStier and Stallergenes Greer. In contrast, for both HollisterStier and Stallergenes Greer ragweed extract, a weight per volume of 1:200 corresponds to a PNU concentration greater than 5000. Dog extract for a weight per volume of 1:200, and even for 1:100, corresponds to very low PNUs for both companies. For Alternaria, corresponding PNU concentrations for HollisterStier is low at only 500 while over 5000 for Stallergenes Greer. Conclusions Our results show variability when comparing weight per volume and PNU concentrations for both Hollister-Stier and Stallergenes Greer products. We suggest selecting a PNU dose that corresponds to a weight per volume of 1:200 as this may improve patient safety. Our recommendations for starting PNU dose for the four non-standardized extracts are 1500 for birch, 5000 for ragweed, 25 for dog, and 500 for Alternaria when using HollisterStier products; 2300 for birch, 5000 for ragweed, 1200 for dog, and 5000 for Alternaria when using Stallergenes Greer products. If the starting PNU concentration is considerably below 5000 for a weight per volume of 1:200 slow up-titration is advised. Conversely, for PNU concentrations above 5000 for weight per volume of 1:200 we suggest a maintenance dose of 5000 PNU.

Evaluation Of Pregnant Women's Satisfaction Towards Pregnant Women Classes Implementation

The population in this study were all pregnant women who participated in pregnant women classes implementation at public health center Sanden, Bantul Regency, with a total sample of 32 people who were determined by total sampling. The results showed that the satisfaction of pregnant women in the pregnant women classes implementation at public health center Sanden, Bantul Regency were mostly satisfied as many as 22 people (68.8%). ), The satisfaction of pregnant women with the quality of class service for pregnant women at public health center Sanden, Bantul Regency was mostly satisfied as many as 24 people (75%). %), and pregnant women satisfaction with the class service system for pregnant women at public health center Sanden, Bantul Regency, was mostly satisfied as many as 22 people (68.8%). It’s advisable for health workers to maintain the quality of existing class services for pregnant women and always increase pregnant women knowledge about high-risk pregnancies by providing direct information.

Subliminal Messages – Unconsciuosly Perceived Sensations and Study Research on Subliminal Knowledge

Some content can be so well crafted that consumers are not aware that they are actually part of the promotion activity. The message is concealed, transformed, and communicates with consumers with associative connections at the subconscious level. Subconscious communication is a technique that marketers will use more and more, so in the design and realization of promotional activities, they combine the knowledge of other sciences and the latest technological inventions. Subconscious communication is often far more effective than direct addressing, provoking, and causing the desired effect, sometimes completely contrary to what the content posted seems to indicate. Content placed so as to address consumers at the subconscious level is called subliminal messages or subliminal. Very weak signals, stimuli below the threshold of conscious perception are not registered consciously. It is especially important to note that reason cannot resist this type of message because it is not recognized, it is circumvented even in the stage of stimulus. This is the main danger of subliminal messages; bypassing reasoning insert direct information in a mind that cannot be confronted. This is a very unusual method of manipulative persuasion technique for individuals and the masses exposed to the effects of subliminal marketing.

Comparison of Weight Per Volume and Protein Nitrogen Units in Non-standardized Allergen Extracts: Implications for Prescribing Subcutaneous Immunotherapy

BackgroundAllergen extracts used in subcutaneous immunotherapy are standardized or non-standardized. Standardized extracts are available in specific biological potencies, presumably making their biological activity more consistent. The majority of allergen extracts are non-standardized and may have less consistent potencies. Non-standardized extracts are labeled as weight per volume or protein nitrogen units (PNUs). Neither method allows for any direct information regarding the extract’s biologic potency. The purpose of this study was to compare weight per volume versus PNU concentrations for 4 non-standardized allergen extracts prepared by two allergen manufacturers. The potencies were compared in application in current North American practice recommendations.MethodsThe weight per volume and PNU values were provided for 4 non-standardized extracts – birch, short ragweed, dog hair and Alternaria – from HollisterStier and Stallergenes Greer. Weight per volume and PNU concentrations were compared for each of these extracts from both manufacturers. From the raw data, we calculated the corresponding PNU values for a weight per volume of 1:100 and 1:200 for each extract. Similarly, we calculated the corresponding weight per volume for a range of PNU values, for 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 PNU/ml.ResultsBirch extract has low PNU concentration, below 5000, for a weight per volume of 1:200 for both HollisterStier and Stallergenes Greer. In contrast, for both HollisterStier and Stallergenes Greer ragweed extract, a weight per volume of 1:200 corresponds to a PNU concentration greater than 5000. Dog extract for a weight per volume of 1:200, and even for 1:100, corresponds to very low PNUs for both companies. For Alternaria, corresponding PNU concentrations for HollisterStier is low at only 500 while over 5000 for Stallergenes Greer. Corresponding weight per volumes for PNU values for these extracts can be found in the manuscript.Conclusions Our results show variability when comparing weight per volume and PNU concentrations for both Hollister-Stier and Stallergenes Greer products. We suggest selecting a PNU dose that corresponds to a weight per volume of 1:200 as this may improve patient safety. Our recommendations for starting PNU dose for the four non-standardized extracts are highlighted in the manuscript. If the starting PNU concentration is considerably below 5000 for a weight per volume of 1:200 slow up-titration is advised. Conversely, for PNU concentrations above 5000 for weight per volume of 1:200 we suggest a maintenance dose of 5000 PNU.

Genome-Wide Covariation in SARS-CoV-2

The SARS-CoV-2 virus causing the global pandemic is a coronavirus with a genome of about 30Kbase length [Song et al., 2019]. The design of vaccines and choice of therapies depends on the structure and mutational stability of encoded proteins in the open reading frames(ORFs) of this genome. In this study, we computed, using Expectation Reflection, the genome-wide covariation of the SARS-CoV-2 genome based on an alignment of ≈ 130000 SARS-CoV-2 complete genome sequences obtained from GISAID[Shu & McCauley, 2017]. We used this covariation to compute the Direct Information between pairs of positions across the whole genome, investigating potentially important relationships within the genome, both within each encoded protein and between encoded proteins. We then computed the covariation within each clade of the virus. The covariation detected recapitulates all clade determinants and each clade exhibits distinct covarying pairs.