Revised recommendations for health monitoring of non-human primate colonies (2018): FELASA Working Group Report

The genetic and biological similarity between non-human primates and humans has ensured the continued use of primates in biomedical research where other species cannot be used. Health-monitoring programmes for non-human primates provide an approach to monitor and control both endemic and incoming agents that may cause zoonotic and anthroponotic disease or interfere with research outcomes. In 1999 FELASA recommendations were published which aimed to provide a harmonized approach to health monitoring programmes for non-human primates. Scientific and technological progress, understanding of non-human primates and evolving microbiology has necessitated a review and replacement of the current recommendations. These new recommendations are aimed at users and breeders of the commonly used non-human primates; Macaca mulatta (Rhesus macaque) and Macaca fascicularis (Cynomolgus macaque). In addition, other species including Callithrix jacchus (Common marmoset) Saimiri sciureus (Squirrel monkey) and others are included. The important and challenging aspects of non-human primate health-monitoring programmes are discussed, including management protocols to maintain and improve health status, health screening strategies and procedures, health reporting and certification. In addition, information is provided on specific micro-organisms and the recommended frequency of testing.

Download Full-text

Chromosomal-scale De novo Genome Assemblies of Cynomolgus Macaque and Common Marmoset

10.1101/2020.12.04.411207 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Vasanthan Jayakumar ◽

Osamu Nishimura ◽

Mitsutaka Kadota ◽

Naoki Hirose ◽

Hiromi Sano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Genome ◽

Biomedical Research ◽

De Novo ◽

Massively Parallel Sequencing ◽

Cynomolgus Macaque ◽

Common Marmoset ◽

Contact Maps ◽

Long Reads ◽

Genome Assemblies ◽

Human Primate

AbstractCynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) and common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) have been widely used in human biomedical research. Their genomes were sequenced and assembled initially using short-read sequences, with the advent of massively parallel sequencing. However, the resulting contig sequences tended to remain fragmentary, and long-standing primate genome assemblies used the human genome as a reference for ordering and orienting the assembled fragments into chromosomes. Here we performed de novo genome assembly of these two species without any human genome-based bias observed in the genome assemblies released earlier. Firstly we assembled PacBio long reads, and the resultant contigs were scaffolded with Hi-C data. The scaffolded sequences obtained were further refined based on assembly results of alternate de novo assemblies and Hi-C contact maps by resolving identified inconsistencies. The final assemblies achieved N50 lengths of 149 Mb and 137 Mb for cynomolgus macaque and common marmoset, respectively, and the numbers of scaffolds longer than 10Mb are equal to their chromosome numbers. The high fidelity of our assembly is ascertained by concordance to the BAC-end read pairs observed for common marmoset, as well as a high resemblance of their karyotypic organization. Our assembly of cynomolgus macaque outperformed all the available assemblies of this species in terms of contiguity. The chromosome-scale genome assemblies produced in this study are valuable resources for non-human primate models and provide an important baseline in human biomedical research.

Download Full-text

Chromosomal-scale de novo genome assemblies of Cynomolgus Macaque and Common Marmoset

Scientific Data ◽

10.1038/s41597-021-00935-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vasanthan Jayakumar ◽

Osamu Nishimura ◽

Mitsutaka Kadota ◽

Naoki Hirose ◽

Hiromi Sano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Genome ◽

Biomedical Research ◽

Macaca Fascicularis ◽

De Novo ◽

Cynomolgus Macaque ◽

Common Marmoset ◽

Contact Maps ◽

Long Reads ◽

Genome Assemblies ◽

Human Primate

AbstractCynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) and common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) have been widely used in human biomedical research. Long-standing primate genome assemblies used the human genome as a reference for ordering and orienting the assembled fragments into chromosomes. Here we performed de novo genome assembly of these two species without any human genome-based bias observed in the genome assemblies released earlier. We assembled PacBio long reads, and the resultant contigs were scaffolded with Hi-C data, which were further refined based on Hi-C contact maps and alternate de novo assemblies. The assemblies achieved scaffold N50 lengths of 149 Mb and 137 Mb for cynomolgus macaque and common marmoset, respectively. The high fidelity of our assembly is also ascertained by BAC-end concordance in common marmoset. Our assembly of cynomolgus macaque outperformed all the available assemblies of this species in terms of contiguity. The chromosome-scale genome assemblies produced in this study are valuable resources for non-human primate models and provide an important baseline in human biomedical research.

Download Full-text

Soft Computing-Based Design and Control for Vehicle Health Monitoring

Lecture Notes in Computer Science - Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems ◽

10.1007/978-3-540-45224-9_77 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 563-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Preeti Bajaj ◽

Avinash Keskar

Keyword(s):

Soft Computing ◽

Health Monitoring ◽

And Control

Download Full-text

Genetically Modified Micro-Organisms for Industrial Food Enzyme Production: An Overview

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9030326 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 326 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marie Deckers ◽

Dieter Deforce ◽

Marie-Alice Fraiture ◽

Nancy H.C. Roosens

Keyword(s):

Genetically Modified ◽

European Market ◽

Production Yield ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Recombinant Enzymes ◽

Fermentation Products ◽

European Regulations ◽

Micro Organisms ◽

And Control

The use of food enzymes (FE) by the industrial food industry is continuously increasing. These FE are mainly obtained by microbial fermentation, for which both wild-type (WT) and genetically modified (GM) strains are used. The FE production yield can be increased by optimizing the fermentation process, either by using genetically modified micro-organism (GMM) strains or by producing recombinant enzymes. This review provides a general overview of the different methods used to produce FE preparations and how the use of GMM can increase the production yield. Additionally, information regarding the construction of these GMM strains is provided. Thereafter, an overview of the different European regulations concerning the authorization of FE preparations on the European market and the use of GMM strains is given. Potential issues related to the authorization and control of FE preparations sold on the European market are then identified and illustrated by a case study. This process highlighted the importance for control of FE preparations and the consequent need for appropriate detection methods targeting the presence of GMM, which is used in fermentation products.

Download Full-text

Expression of taste signal transduction molecules in the caecum of common marmosets

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2013.0409 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 20130409 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sae Gonda ◽

Shuichi Matsumura ◽

Shoichiro Saito ◽

Yasuhiro Go ◽

Hiroo Imai

Keyword(s):

Signal Transduction ◽

Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽

Common Marmoset ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Common Marmosets ◽

Plant Exudates ◽

The Common ◽

Signal Transduction Proteins ◽

First Time ◽

Human Primate

The extraoral presence of taste signal transduction proteins has recently been reported in rodents and humans. Here, we report for the first time the presence of these signal transduction proteins in the caecum of a non-human primate, the common marmoset. Quantitative RT-PCR data on the gene expression of taste signal transduction molecules (gustducin and TRPM5) in common marmosets suggested high expression in the caecum, which was not observed in other non-human primates. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the specific presence of gustducin and taste receptors in marmoset caecal cells. These results may relate to the specific feeding behaviour of marmosets, which consume plant exudates, primarily gums.

Download Full-text