A Preliminary Investigation Using p-Nitrophenyl Phosphate to Quantitate Acid Phosphatase on Swabs Examined in Cases of Sexual Assault

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Davies
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Cotton Wool ◽  
Nitrophenyl Phosphate

A method for determining the level of acid phosphatase activity of material on cotton-wool swabs, used by police surgeons in cases of sexual assault, has been described. The results showed that it was particularly useful as an indication of the presence of seminal fluid in the absence of spermatozoa.

Polyphosphate body and acid phosphatase localization in Nostoc sp.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. DuBois ◽  
Keith R. Roberts ◽  
Lawrence A. Kapustka
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Energy Stress ◽  
Nitrophenyl Phosphate ◽  
Carbon Compounds ◽  
Electron And Light Microscopy ◽  
Polyphosphate Bodies ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Polyphosphate bodies and acid phosphatase activity were characterized in Nostoc sp. to determine if the hydrolysis of polyphosphate bodies occurs during dark (energy stress) periods. Electron and light microscopy were used to locate polyphosphate bodies. Acid phosphatase activity was measured using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as the substrate to determine net changes in the level of the enzyme activity. To induce energy stress, Nostoc sp. cells were kept in the dark for 72 h to deplete stored carbon compounds. Cells incubated in the light for 72 h (controls) showed acid phosphatase activity localized around the perimeter of polyphosphate bodies. When cells were incubated in the dark, acid phosphatase activity occurred throughout the polyphosphate body matrix. However, complete hydrolysis of the polyphosphate body did not occur and the rate of acid phosphatase activity was not affected.

Ectomycorrhizal fungi of Salix rotundifolia III. Resynthesized mycorrhizal complexes and their surface phosphatase activities

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2458-2465 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Antibus ◽  
J. G. Croxdale ◽  
O. K. Miller ◽  
A. E. Linkins
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Cenococcum Geophilum ◽  
Nitrophenyl Phosphate ◽  
Area Basis ◽  
Surface Area Basis

Pure culture isolates were obtained from fungi fruiting in the vicinity of dwarf willows at Barrow and Cape Simpson, Alaska. Four of these isolates and one isolate from Maryland were tested for their ability to form ectomycorrhizae with cuttings of Salix rotundifolia under controlled environmental conditions. Isolates of Entoloma sericeum, Hebelomapusillum, and Cenococcum geophilum from Barrow and Cape Simpson, Alaska all formed typical ectomycorrhizae with S. rotundifolia, while an isolate of C. geophilum from a temperate ecosystem (Maryland) did not.All of the ectomycorrhizae synthesized with S. rotundifolia, plus uncolonized roots, demonstrated an ability to hydrolyze p-nitrophenyl phosphate at a pH of 4.7. The acid phosphatase activity of E. sericeum ectomycorrhizae was from 10 to 40 times as great as that demonstrated by other mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots on a surface area basis.

ULTRASTRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF A CHARACTERISTIC ACID PHOSPHATASE IN GRANULES OF RABBIT BASOPHILS

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1092-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
ATSUSHI KOMIYAMA ◽  
SAMUEL S. SPICER
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Nitrophenyl Phosphate ◽  
Tris Maleate

Bone marrow basophils incubated in Gomori medium at pH 6.0-6.8 exhibited strong acid phosphatase activity suggestive of a potential role in endocytosis in one-third of the cytoplasmic granules and also in Golgi elements. Buffy coat basophils contained about one-third as many reactive granules. Reaction product was confined to the threadlike component of the larger granules predominant in early basophils and was absent from the denser-type granules predominant in late basophils. In centrioles of basophils acid phosphatase appeared localized between triplet fibers. Reactivity with the Gomori medium was diminished at pH 5.0, absent at pH 8.0 and only slightly decreased with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate. Basophils incubated in Barka-Anderson medium at pH 5.0-6.8 revealed light acid phosphatase activity in the Golgi lamellae but essentially none in cytoplasmic granules. Tris-maleate buffer of the Barka-Anderson medium replacing the sodium acetate of the Gomori medium inhibited the reactivity in the granules. Incubation in media containing NaF, or lacking substrate, eliminated the heavy precipitates in granules and Golgi elements but yielded light, nonenzymatic lead staining in Golgi and tubulovesicular structures and atypical granules present only in buffy coat basophils.

scholarly journals A Substitute Presumptive Test for Screening of Semen using Sodium –p– Nitrophenyl Phosphate (NaPNPP)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Njau ◽  
Accadius Lunayo ◽  
Johansen Odour
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Fluid Identification ◽  
Nitrophenyl Phosphate

Abstract BackgroundIn forensic investigation of alleged sexual crimes, presumptive semen detection test methods are commonly used to reach preliminary identification of seminal fluid in questioned samples. These methods are based on the detection of components of semen such as enzyme acid phosphatase (AP). Of these methods, the acid phosphatase identification method still remains the most reliable and widely used presumptive test due to high activity of the AP in seminal fluid. In standard AP test, Bretamine Fast Blue B (FBB) reagent is used. However FBB has been explicitly classified as carcinogenic. Although FBB has been handled safely over time, there is a need at the moment to develop a simple, readily available, reliable and efficient method for screening the presence of semen in any material collected as evidence in a sexual assault crime.Given the improved sensitivity of DNA profiling tests that have been introduced in to routine forensic casework over recent years, the need for improved sensitivity at this first stage of detection has never been higher. FindingsHere we highlight a simple method using readily available reagents in standard biochemical laboratory as a substitute for the standard AP test for seminal fluid identification from a crime scene. This method is based on the hydrolysis of sodium–p-nitrophenyl phosphate at pH 5.5 by the acid phosphatase to produce an intense yellow coloured complex in 15 seconds. ConclusionsThe method presented is sensitive, reliable, efficient and routinely used in standard biochemical and pathology laboratories for spectrophotometric analysis of alkaline phosphatase. It can be easily and readily applied as a preliminary test for identification of semen at a crime scene that involves sexual assault.

Phosphatase Activity in Some Species of Marine Phytoplankters

1965 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 793-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Antia ◽  
A. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Skeletonema Costatum ◽  
Isochrysis Galbana ◽  
Nitrophenyl Phosphate

Evidence has been obtained for acid phosphatase activity (on p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate) at pH 4.8 in cell-free extracts of Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Skeletonema costatum, Cyclotella nana, Monochrysis lutheri, Isochrysis galbana, and Dunaliella tertiolecta grown photo-autotrophically in pure culture. No alkaline phosphatase activity at pH 10.5 was observed.

Acid phosphatase activity in cheese and starters

1975 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Andrews ◽  
E. Alichanidis
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Cheddar Cheese ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Kinetic Measurements ◽  
Nitrophenyl Phosphate

SummaryThe acid phosphatase activity levels in a number of Greek cheeses and in Cheddar cheeses were found to be unaffected by storage for up to 18 months and 12 months respectively. In Cheddar cheese, starter organisms made an insignificant contribution to this activity. Studies of acid phosphatase prepared from Streptococcus cremoris-lactis NCDO 762 starter cultures showed that the enzyme was of high molecular weight and largely particle-bound. The pH of optimum activity was 5·2 and the enzyme was inhibited by F−, Al3+, a number of heavy metals, oxidizing agents and sulphydryl-modifying reagents. Kinetic measurements at pH 5·2 gave a Km value for p-nitrophenyl phosphate of 1·2 mM. Orthophosphate, pyrophosphate and isoelectrically precipitated casein behaved as competitive inhibitors to the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate with K1 values of 1·2 mM, 1·0 mM and 1·1 mM respectively. In spite of this binding to the enzyme, casein provided a very poor substrate for the starter acid phosphatase. The properties of acid phosphatase present in Cheddar cheese made with Str. cremoris NCDO 924 starter were consistent with the enzyme being exclusively of milk origin and small differences between this and the acid phosphatase previously isolated from bovine milk were attributable to the binding of peptides produced during the cheese maturation to the enzyme molecules. It was concluded that in cheese, phosphatase action was due largely to the enzyme of milk origin, with that provided by the starter being of minor importance.

Effects of Hebeloma arenosa and phosphorus fertility on root acid phosphatase activity of red pine (Pinus resinosa) seedlings

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet MacFall ◽  
Steven A. Slack ◽  
Jaya Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Nitrophenyl Phosphate

The ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma arenosa Burdsall, MacFall & Albers was assayed for surface-accessible acid phosphatase activity in vitro on roots of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings. Hebeloma arenosa was grown in defined liquid media containing 0, 17, 34, 68, or 136 mg/L phosphorus for 4 weeks. When assayed for acid phosphatase activity with p-nitrophenyl phosphate, 7.3 μmol of orthophosphate were released per gram dry weight of fungal tissue. There was no effect of added P on enzyme activity, excluding the treatment with no added P in which there was negligible fungal growth. Red pine seedlings were grown in Sparta loamy fine sand amended with 0, 17, 34, 68, or 136 mg/kg P as superphosphate, with and without H. arenosa inoculum. Mycorrhizal roots had greater enzyme activity than nonmycorrhizal roots of seedlings grown in similarly P-amended soil. This was determined by the following three assays: orthophosphate release from two salts of myoinosital hexaphosphate (Na and KMg) and from p-nitrophenyl phosphate. It is suggested that greater acid phosphatase activity by roots mycorrhizal with H. arenosa is one mechanism for improved P nutrition through the formation of a pool of P released from sources unavailable for direct intake.

scholarly journals Human prostatic acid phosphatase has phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatase activity

1986 ◽  
Vol 235 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
M F Lin ◽  
G M Clinton
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Prostatic Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Phosphatase Activities ◽  
Nitrophenyl Phosphate

The major secreted isoenzyme of human prostatic acid phosphatase (PAcP) (EC 3.1.3.2), which catalyses p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP) hydrolysis at acid pH values, was found to have phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatase activity since it dephosphorylated three different phosphotyrosine-containing protein substrates. Several lines of evidence are presented to show that the phosphotyrosyl phosphatase and PAcP are the same enzyme. A highly purified PAcP enzyme preparation which contains a single N-terminal peptide sequence was used to test for the phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activity. Both activities comigrated during gel filtration by high performance liquid chromatography. Phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activity and PNPP acid phosphatase activity exhibited similar sensitivities to different effectors. Both phosphatase activities showed the same thermal stability. Specific anti-PAcP antibody reacted to the same extent with both phosphatase activities. PNPP acid phosphatase activity was competitively inhibited by the phosphotyrosyl phosphatase substrate. To characterize further the phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activity, the Km values using different phosphoprotein substrates were determined. The apparent Km values for phosphorylated angiotensin II, anti-pp60src immunoglobulin G and casein were in the nM range for phosphotyrosine residues, which was about 50-fold lower than the Km for phosphoserine residues in casein.

Acid phosphatase activity of six ectomycorrhizal fungi

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1203-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwan Ho ◽  
Bratislav Zak
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Nitrophenyl Phosphate ◽  
Starch Gel

Six ectomycorrhizal fungi commonly associated with Douglas-fir were tested in vitro for acid phosphatase activity by measuring the amount of p-nitrophenyl phosphate converted to p-nitrophenol and by examining their production of isoenzymes detectable by starch gel electrophoresis. Both test methods showed acid phosphatase activity to be highest in Hebeloma crustuliniforme, followed by progressively lower activity in Laccaria laccata, Amanita muscaria, and Thelephora terrestris. Rhizopogon vinicolor and Piloderma bicolor showed low activity. We discuss the significance of these fungi in the utilization of complex phosphates by tree roots.

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