Intergenerational and Intragenerational Equity

2014 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. F4-F11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Portes
Keyword(s):  
Intragenerational Equity

scholarly journals Towards an equitable and sustainable points system. A proposal for pension reform in Belgium

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIK SCHOKKAERT ◽  
PIERRE DEVOLDER ◽  
JEAN HINDRIKS ◽  
FRANK VANDENBROUCKE
Keyword(s):  
Pension Reform ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Economic Shocks ◽  
Automatic Adjustment ◽  
Adjustment Mechanism ◽  
System A ◽  
Career Length ◽  
Balanced Distribution ◽  
Intragenerational Equity

AbstractWe describe the points system as proposed by the Belgian Commission for Pension Reform 2020–2040. Intragenerational equity can be realised through the allocation of points within a cohort. The intergenerational distribution is determined by fixing the value of a point for the newly retired and a sustainability parameter for the actual retirees. The value of the point links pensions to the average living standard of the employed population. We propose an automatic adjustment mechanism, in which a key role is played by the career length. This mechanism induces a balanced distribution of the burden of demographic and economic shocks over the different cohorts.

Sustainable urban water - analysis of the opportunities

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
A. Speers ◽  
N. Booker ◽  
S. Burn ◽  
S. Gray ◽  
T. Priestly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Analysis ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Research Organization ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Performance Of Systems ◽  
Industrial Research Organization ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Intragenerational Equity

This paper describes a major program of research by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) into urban water, wastewater and stormwater services. The intent of the program has been to identify opportunities for achieving more sustainable urban water services. The term “sustainable” has been interpreted to mean improvements in environmental and economic performance of systems which maintain inter- and intragenerational equity. It is evident from the conclusions of the feasibility stage of the Urban Water Program that such opportunities exist, particularly with regard to the design and configuration of water and wastewater systems. The structure of the UWP is described and examples of critical outcomes given.

Disentangling annuities and transfers: The case of Greek retirement benefits

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-305
Author(s):  
Chrysa Leventi ◽  
Manos Matsaganis
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Retirement Benefits ◽  
Longitudinal Approach ◽  
Social Contributions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Intragenerational Equity ◽  
Pension Benefits ◽  
Spending Cuts

The aim of this paper is to estimate the relative importance of annuities and transfers in Greek retirement benefits and to assess their impact on intergenerational and intragenerational equity. We analyse a large sample of private sector workers retiring in 2008. Adopting a longitudinal approach, we compute the net present value of contributions paid and benefits received by individuals over their life course. We define the difference between the two as the implicit transfer, which can be either positive or negative. Lifetime retirement benefits are calculated both according to the rules in place at the time of retirement, and after the spending cuts introduced in 2010-2013. Our findings suggest that for the vast majority of retirees pension benefits are heavily subsidized, i.e. exceed the actuarially fair level paid for by social contributions. Austerity policies have reduced but not eliminated this subsidy.

Contradictions in Sustainability

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Dovers ◽  
John W. Handmer
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Change Resistance ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Marginal Change ◽  
The Face ◽  
Intragenerational Equity ◽  
Innate Ability

Issues of environment and development are increasingly being analysed within the framework offered by sustainability and sustainable development. This article explores a number of deep-seated contradictions and tensions that exist within these concepts at least as they are currently construed. It is noted that these contradictions are often glossed over in intellectual and policy debates, but are nonetheless profound and should be made explicit.The contradictions identified and discussed in the paper are as follows:–the paradox of technology (cause or cure?);–uncertainty and decision-making (humility or arrogance in the face of ignorance?);–intergenerational and intragenerational equity (a politically impossible trade-off?);–economic growth versus ecological limits (is ‘sustainable development’ an oxymoron?);–the reconciliation of individual and collective interests, applying both to individuals in their society, and nation states in the international community;–the potential conflict between the diversity of democracy and purposeful action;–differing kinds of resilience in the face of change (resistance, marginal change, and adaptability); and–the question of whether or not optimization is anti-sustainability.In conclusion we ask what the implications of this labyrinth of contradictions are for moving towards a sustainable state. Are these contradictions too profound and thus insurmountable, or does Homo sapiens' apparently innate ability to live with contradiction and logical inconsistency offer a way out?

Discounting and intragenerational equity

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Emmerling
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Analytical Formula ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Discount Rate ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intragenerational Equity ◽  
The One ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Ramsey Rule

AbstractWe study the social discount rate, taking into account inequality within generations, that is, across countries or individuals. We show that if inequality decreases over time, the social discount rate should be lower than the one obtained by the standard Ramsey rule under certain but reasonable conditions. Applied to the global discount rate and due to the projected convergence across countries, this implies that the inequality adjusted discount rate should be about twice as high as the standard Ramsey rule predicts. For individual countries on the other hand, where inequality tends to increase over time, the effect goes in the other direction. For the United States for instance, this inequality effect leads to a reduction of the social discount rate by about 0.5 to 1 percentage points. We also present an analytical formula for the social discount rate allowing us to disentangle inequality, risk, and intertemporal fluctuation aversion.

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