Recent shifts in wage inequality and the wage returns to education in Britain

1998 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Machin
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Returns To Education ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Wage Returns ◽  
Relative Demand ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Demand Shifts

In this article I consider shifts in the structure of wages in Britain between the mid-1970s and mid-1990s. In the 1990s the rising gap between the highest and lowest paid was either stable or rose a little, but by nowhere near as much as in the 1980s. This seems to be, at least partially, due to the fact that faster educational upgrading has dampened down some of the rising wage differentials experienced by the more educated. However, demand still seems to be shifting in favour of the more highly educated and skilled because, despite the fact that there are many more workers with higher educational qualifications, their wages relative to other groups have not fallen. Finally, I argue that relative demand shifts in favour of the more educated and skilled are still more pronounced in more technologically advanced industries. This is in line with the notion, like much of the evidence based on industry demand shifts in the 1970s and 1980s, that technology is key to changes in labour market inequality.

Wage Inequality of IT Professionals in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
It Professionals ◽  
Annual Survey ◽  
Relative Demand ◽  
It Education ◽  
Demand Shifts ◽  
Wage Disparities ◽  
It Skills

Using annual survey data from 6 cities in different regions of India, the author analyzes the rapid increase in wage inequality of information technology (IT) professionals in India from 2002 to 2015. The author describes within-group and between-group wage inequality trends and decompose wage inequality change into changes in the distribution of IT professionals in IT sectors attributes, both observed and unobserved, and changes in the returns to those attributes. The author finds that growing regional wage disparities, rising returns to unobserved IT skills, and rising returns to IT education explain most of the wage inequality increase. Rising IT skill premiums are due primarily to increasing relative demand for IT skilled professionals within IT sectors rather than to demand shifts across IT sectors. The timing of wage inequality change has been erratic, suggesting a key role played by reform policies.

Auswirkungen der Hartz-Reformen auf den Arbeitsmarkt und auf die Bundesagentur für Arbeit

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Frank-J. Weise
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Active Labour Market Policies ◽  
Labour Market Reforms ◽  
Active Labour ◽  
Benefit System

AbstractStarting in 2003, the labour market in Germany underwent major reforms. They introduced new types of employment, reshaped the benefit system, and remodelled active labour market policies. Over the 10 following years, unemployment fell dramatically and participation hit record levels, while rising non-standard employment and wage inequality became causes for concern. The Bundesagentur für Arbeit has developed into a modern service provider whose programmes are scientifically evaluated. Anticipating future trends on the labour market, the Bundesagentur has recently devised a strategy to cope with them. Overall, the German experience with labour market reforms points to the benefits of evidence-based policies.

The Evolution of Wage Formation and Inequality in Jordan, 2010–2016

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-100
Author(s):  
Rami Galal ◽  
Mona Said
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Returns To Education ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Wage Structure ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Wage Formation ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Wage Earners

This chapter investigates wage formation and inequality in Jordan. It takes stock of the main distributional features of the Jordanian wage structure focusing on population subgroups by gender, sector, occupational skill-level, industry, geographic location, and level of education as well as low-wage earners. It explores mobility within the distribution and to provide some explanation for the evolution of inequality, it estimates the returns to education, as well as sector-based and gender-based wage differentials. The results show a rise in real wages and a decline in inequality. Wages across different subgroups display compression from both ends of the distribution, with fewer Jordanians falling below the low-wage earnings line, and wages for the highest-paid groups declining. Rises in median wages hold across the population, even among more disadvantaged groups, for example the illiterate. Declining incremental returns to education and narrowing sector-based and gender-based wage differentials are consistent with the overall decline in wage inequality.

Evidence-based regulation of labour migration in OECD countries: setting quotas, selection criteria, and shortage lists

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Chaloff
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Periodic Review ◽  
Market Data ◽  
Almost All

The growing complexity of selection criteria for discretionary labour migration in OECD countries has been accompanied by an expanded demand for labour market analysis and consultation with stakeholders. While some features of general or detailed criteria may be fixed in legislation, numerical quotas or targets, shortage lists, and multiple-criteria points-based systems are generally subject to periodic review and revision based on labour market data and consultation with stakeholders. Official government bodies have maintained co-ordination of this process, with varying degrees of externalization. In most countries expertise is internal, with recourse to external mandated bodies rare. In almost all cases, however, the process is designed to promote consensus around the policy while maintaining political control.

Econometric Analysis of Returns to Education of Rural and Urban Labour Markets Workers in Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
pp. 336-344
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Returns To Education ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Rural Market ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rate Of Returns ◽  
Education Groups ◽  
Quantile Regression Method

The objective of this study was to empirically evaluate the returns to education of rural and urban labour markets workers in Tamil Nadu using the IHDS data with appropriate Econometric models. First, the present study estimated the earning functions of the rural and urban market's workers by OLS technique and standard Mincerian earning functions. Secondly, the quantile regression method was also used to examine the evolution of wage inequality. The findings of the study showed that the effects of education and experience on the log of hourly wages were positive, and these coefficients were statistically significant. The returns to education increased with the level of education and differed among the workers of rural and urban labour markets. The results showed that the rates of returns to primary, middle and higher secondary were higher in the urban market, whereas those of secondary and graduation were higher in the rural market. The study revealed that the effect of education was not the same across the rural and urban wage distribution. The rate of returns differed considerably within education groups across different quantiles of the wage distribution.

scholarly journals Skilled Migrants in the Swedish Labour Market: An Analysis of Employment, Income and Occupational Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3428
Author(s):  
Nahikari Irastorza ◽  
Pieter Bevelander
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Skilled Immigrants ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Highly Skilled Migrants ◽  
Highly Skilled ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
Employment Rates

In a globalised world with an increasing division of labour, the competition for highly skilled individuals—regardless of their origin—is growing, as is the value of such individuals for national economies. Yet the majority of studies analysing the economic integration of immigrants shows that those who are highly skilled also have substantial hurdles to overcome: their employment rates and salaries are lower and they face a higher education-to-occupation mismatch compared to highly skilled natives. This paper contributes to the paucity of studies on the employment patterns of highly skilled immigrants to Sweden by providing an overview of the socio-demographic characteristics, labour-market participation and occupational mobility of highly educated migrants in Sweden. Based on a statistical analysis of register data, we compare their employment rates, salaries and occupational skill level and mobility to those of immigrants with lower education and with natives. The descriptive analysis of the data shows that, while highly skilled immigrants perform better than those with a lower educational level, they never catch up with their native counterparts. Our regression analyses confirm these patterns for highly skilled migrants. Furthermore, we find that reasons for migration matter for highly skilled migrants’ employment outcomes, with labour migrants having better employment rates, income and qualification-matched employment than family reunion migrants and refugees.

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