Selective Attention Skills of Experienced Sonar Operators

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-812
Author(s):  
Lex L. Merrill ◽  
Lawrence J. Lewandowski ◽  
David A. Kobus
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Attentional Allocation ◽  
Attention Skills ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Task Requirements ◽  
Attentional Skills ◽  
Repeated Test

This study investigated the influence of sonar training and experience on the selective attention of experienced and inexperienced operators. The Stroop task was selected as a measure of general selective attention, similar in certain task requirements (attentional allocation) to sonar operation. Across two samples (ns = 32 and 36) and four repeated test sessions groups did not differ significantly in speed or accuracy of Stroop performance. The data suggest that experienced operators do not seem to have developed extraordinary attentional skills and that any attentional skills developed through sonar experience do not generalize to other tasks such as the Stroop.

A Unique Asymmetrical Stroop Effect in Absolute Pitch Possessors

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilach Akiva-Kabiri ◽  
Avishai Henik
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Stroop Effect ◽  
Congruency Effect ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Reading Task ◽  
Pitch Processing ◽  
Reverse Pattern

The Stroop task has been employed to study automaticity or failures of selective attention for many years. The effect is known to be asymmetrical, with words affecting color naming but not vice versa. In the current work two auditory-visual Stroop-like tasks were devised in order to study the automaticity of pitch processing in both absolute pitch (AP) possessors and musically trained controls without AP (nAP). In the tone naming task, participants were asked to name the auditory tone while ignoring a visual note name. In the note naming task, participants were asked to read a note name while ignoring the auditory tone. The nAP group showed a significant congruency effect only in the tone naming task, whereas AP possessors showed the reverse pattern, with a significant congruency effect only in the note reading task. Thus, AP possessors were unable to ignore the auditory tone when asked to read the note, but were unaffected by the verbal note name when asked to label the auditory tone. The results suggest that pitch identification in participants endowed with AP ability is automatic and impossible to suppress.

Effect of Language Dominance on Cognitive Processes in a Stroop Task

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 979-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toufik Bahri ◽  
Ahmed Bendania
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Education Majors ◽  
Language Dominance ◽  
Attention Process ◽  
Stroop Tasks ◽  
The Way

The present study investigated the effect of language dominance on 40 subjects' performance on a Stroop task. In the first group were 20 Education majors using mainly the Arabic language, while in the second group of 20 students were majors in English. Each group performed two different Stroop tasks. Analysis showed that language comprehension affected the way subjects processed the information. This difference was explained in terms of cognitive processes involved and by a late selective attention process.

scholarly journals The Influence of Situational Cues on Children’s Creativity in an Alternative Uses Task and the Moderating Effect of Selective Attention

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Marloes van Dijk ◽  
Elma Blom ◽  
Evelyn H. Kroesbergen ◽  
Paul P. M. Leseman
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Stimulus Condition ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Verbal Responses ◽  
Situational Cues ◽  
Attention Skills ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
High Stimulus ◽  
Stimulus Environment

Taking a perception-action perspective, we investigated how the presence of different real objects in children’s immediate situation affected their creativity and whether this effect was moderated by their selective attention. Seventy children between ages 9 and 12 years old participated. Verbal responses on a visual Alternative Uses Task with a low stimulus and high stimulus condition were coded on fluency, flexibility, and originality. Selective attention was measured with a visual search task. Results showed that fluency was not affected by stimulus condition and was unrelated to selective attention. Flexibility was positively associated with selective attention. Originality, net of fluency and flexibility, showed a main effect of stimulus condition in an unexpected direction, as children gave more original responses in the low stimulus condition compared to the high stimulus condition. A significant moderation effect revealed that children with better selective attention skills benefitted from a low stimulus environment, whereas children with weaker selective attention performed better in a high stimulus environment. The findings demonstrate differential effects of the immediate situation and selective attention, and support the hypothesis that creativity is impacted by immediate situation and selective attention, yet in unexpected ways.

scholarly journals The Allocation of Attention and Working Memory in Visual Crowding

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1180-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Bacigalupo ◽  
Steven J. Luck
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Visual Target ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Small Target ◽  
Attentional Allocation ◽  
Intermediate Target ◽  
Stored Information ◽  
Visual Crowding ◽  
Directing Attention

When the distance between a visual target and nearby flankers falls below a critical distance, target discrimination declines precipitously. This is called “crowding.” Many researchers have proposed that selective attention plays a role in crowding. However, although some research has examined the effects of directing attention toward versus away from the targets, no previous research has assessed how attentional allocation varies as a function of target–flanker distance in crowding. Here, we used ERPs to assess the operation of attention during crowding, focusing on the attention-related N2pc component. We used a typical crowding task in which participants were asked to report the category (vowel/consonant) of a lateralized target letter flanked by distractor letters at different distances. We tested the hypothesis that attention fails when the target–flanker distance becomes too small for attention to operate effectively. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that N2pc amplitude was maximal at intermediate target–flanker distances and decreased substantially when crowding became severe. In addition, we examined the sustained posterior contralateral negativity (SPCN), which reflects the amount of information being maintained in working memory. Unlike the N2pc component, the SPCN increased in amplitude at small target–flanker distances, suggesting that observers stored information about the target and flankers in working memory when attention failed to select the target. Together, the N2pc and SPCN results suggest that attention and working memory play distinctive roles in crowding: Attention operates to minimize interference from the flankers at intermediate target–flanker distances, whereas working memory may be recruited when attention fails to select the target at small target–flanker distances.

scholarly journals Role of Gestalt grouping in selective attention: Evidence from the Stroop task

2007 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1305-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn J. M. Lamers ◽  
Ardi Roelofs
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Gestalt Grouping

Selective Attention Skills in Differentiating between Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Aging

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Solfrizzi ◽  
Francesco Panza ◽  
Francesco Torres ◽  
Cristiano Capurso ◽  
Alessia D'Introno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Attention Skills

Brainstem Frequency-Following Responses and Cortical Event-Related Potentials during Attention

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1231-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary C. Galbraith ◽  
John M. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Directed Attention ◽  
Auditory Evoked Response ◽  
Cortical Responses ◽  
Task Requirements ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response

Human brainstem frequency-following responses (FFRs) and cortical event-related potentials (ERPs) were evoked by a low-frequency (230 Hz) tone during directed attention. ERPs showed significant amplitude differences consistent with expected attention effects, viz., largest to attended stimuli and smallest to ignored stimuli. The ERP data thereby confirm that attention effectively modulated cortical responses. The FFR, however, did not differ between conditions. The present results agree with one earlier FFR study and a majority of studies using click stimuli to elicit the brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER). However, several BAER studies and two recent FFR studies have shown that attention can influence human brainstem responses. The present results are therefore interpreted in the context of specific task requirements that optimize early selective attention effects.

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