Design and Methodology of the Study of Associated Risks of Stillbirth (SOARS) in Utah

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492199489
Author(s):  
Carla L. DeSisto ◽  
Nicole Stone ◽  
Barbara Algarin ◽  
Laurie Baksh ◽  
Ada Dieke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
School Education ◽  
Survey Response ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Item Nonresponse ◽  
Death Certificates

Objectives The Utah Study of Associated Risks of Stillbirth (SOARS) collects data about stillbirths that are not included in medical records or on fetal death certificates. We describe the design, methods, and survey response rate from the first year of SOARS. Methods The Utah Department of Health identified all Utah women who experienced a stillbirth from June 1, 2018, through May 31, 2019, via fetal death certificates and invited them to participate in SOARS. The research team based the study protocol on the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System surveillance of women with live births and modified it to be sensitive to women’s recent experience of a stillbirth. We used fetal death certificates to examine survey response rates overall and by maternal characteristics, gestational age of the fetus, and month in which the loss occurred. Results Of 288 women invited to participate in the study, 167 (58.0%) completed the survey; 149 (89.2%) responded by mail and 18 (10.8%) by telephone. A higher proportion of women who were non-Hispanic White (vs other races/ethnicities), were married (vs unmarried), and had ≥high school education (vs <high school education) responded to the survey. Differences between responders and nonresponders by maternal age, gestational age of the fetus, or month of delivery were not significant. Among responders, item nonresponse rates were low (range, 0.6%-5.4%). The question about income (4.8%) and the questions about tests offered and performed during the hospital stay had the highest item nonresponse rates. Conclusions The response rate suggests that a mail- and telephone-based survey can be successful in collecting self-reported information about risk factors for stillbirths not currently included in medical records or fetal death certificates.

scholarly journals Do social inequalities in smoking differ by immigration status in young adults?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kalubi ◽  
Z Tchouaga ◽  
A Ghenadenik ◽  
J O'Loughlin ◽  
K L Frohlich
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
School Education ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Social Gradient ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Tobacco use accounts for half the difference in life expectancy across groups of low and high socioeconomic status. The objective was to assess whether social inequalities in smoking in Canada-born young adults are also apparent among same-age immigrants, a group often viewed as disadvantaged and vulnerable to multiple health issues. Methods Data were drawn from the Interdisciplinary Study of Inequalities in Smoking, a longitudinal investigation of social inequalities in smoking in Montreal, Canada. The sample included 2,077 young adults age 18-25 (56.6% female; 18.9% immigrants). Immigrants had been in Canada 11.6 (SD 6.4) years on average. The association between level of education and current smoking was examined separately in immigrants and non-immigrants in multivariate logistic regression analyses controlling for covariates. Results Twenty percent of immigrants were current smokers compared to 24% of non-immigrants. In immigrants, relative to those who were university-educated, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) for current smoking was 1.2 (0.6, 2.3) among those with pre-university or vocational training, and 1.5 (0.7, 2.9) among those with high school education only. In non-immigrants, the adjusted ORs were 1.9 (1.4, 2.5) among those with pre-university or vocational training and 4.0 (2.9, 5.5) among those with high school education. Conclusions Despite a mean of over 10 years in Canada, young adults who immigrated to Canada did not manifest the strong social gradient in smoking apparent in non-immigrants. Identification of factors that protect immigrants from manifesting marked social inequalities in smoking could inform the development of smoking preventive intervention sensitive to social inequalities in smoking. Key messages A social gradient in smoking apparent in Canada-born young adults was not observed in same-age immigrants. Factors that protect immigrants against social inequalities in smoking should be identified.

scholarly journals Impact of Race and Socioeconomics Disparities on Survival in Young-Onset Colorectal Adenocarcinoma—A SEER Registry Analysis

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3262
Author(s):  
Mark M. Aloysius ◽  
Hemant Goyal ◽  
Niraj J. Shah ◽  
Kumar Pallav ◽  
Nimy John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
School Education ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Young Onset ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: We aimed to assess the impact of socio-economic determinants of health (SEDH) on survival disparities within and between the ethnic groups of young-onset (<50 years age) colorectal adenocarcinoma patients. Patients and Methods: Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) registry was used to identify colorectal adenocarcinoma patients aged between 25–49 years from 2012 and 2016. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meir method. Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the hazard effect of SEDH. American community survey (ACS) data 2012–2016 were used to analyze the impact of high school education, immigration status, poverty, household income, employment, marital status, and insurance type. Results: A total of 17,145 young-onset colorectal adenocarcinoma patients were studied. Hispanic (H) = 2874, Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaskan Native (NHAIAN) = 164, Non-Hispanic Asian Pacific Islander (NHAPI) = 1676, Non-Hispanic black (NHB) = 2305, Non-Hispanic white (NHW) = 10,126. Overall cancer-specific survival was, at 5 years, 69 m. NHB (65.58 m) and NHAIAN (65.67 m) experienced worse survival compared with NHW (70.11 m), NHAPI (68.7), and H (68.31). High school education conferred improved cancer-specific survival significantly with NHAPI, NHB, and NHW but not with H and NHAIAN. Poverty lowered and high school education improved cancer-specific survival (CSS) in NHB, NHW, and NHAPI. Unemployment was associated with lowered CSS in H and NAPI. Lower income below the median negatively impacted survival among H, NHAPI NHB, and NHW. Recent immigration within the last 12 months lowered CSS survival in NHW. Commercial health insurance compared with government insurance conferred improved CSS in all groups. Conclusions: Survival disparities were found among all races with young-onset colorectal adenocarcinoma. The pattern of SEDH influencing survival was unique to each race. Overall higher income levels, high school education, private insurance, and marital status appeared to be independent factors conferring favorable survival found on multivariate analysis.

scholarly journals Impacts of Distance Education on Agricultural Performance and Household Income: Micro-Evidence from Peri-Urban Districts in Beijing

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3945
Author(s):  
Jianxin Guo ◽  
Songqing Jin ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Jichun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Distance Education ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
School Education ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Urban Districts ◽  
Input Use

Information communication technology (ICT) has changed the traditional agricultural extension service mode worldwide. This paper examines the effects of the Rural Distance Education Project (RDEP) on the household income, agricultural productivity, and off-farm employment of farmers in peri-urban areas in Beijing. Using the survey data of 783 randomly selected farm households from 54 villages in three Beijing peri-urban districts in 2014, and the propensity score matching method (PSM), we find that the RDEP has a significant and positive effect on agricultural productivity and input use. Meanwhile, the program’s effects are heterogeneous across districts and households. For example, the RDEP has significant impacts on several outcome indicators, such as agricultural labor productivity (at a 5% level of significance), agricultural land productivity (at a 10% level), and input use intensity (at a 1% level) in Tongzhou (an agriculturally more important district, with a more intensive RDEP usage), but none of these effects is significant in Pinggu district. Furthermore, the RDEP is found to have bigger, and statistically more significant effects, for households with junior high school education than for those with either lower or higher than junior high school education. Furthermore, the RDEP is more effective for households with more assets than those with fewer assets. These results point toward the importance of using a rural distance education program as an effective extension service, and the need to take community and individual characteristics into account in the implementation and design of future programs.

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