Mapping and making gangland: A legacy of redlining and enjoining gang neighbourhoods in Los Angeles

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802110104
Author(s):  
Stefano Bloch ◽  
Susan A. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
New Deal ◽  
The Past ◽  
South Central ◽  
San Fernando ◽  
San Fernando Valley ◽  
Loan Corporation ◽  
Race And Place

We provide an example of how race- and place-based legacies of disinvestment initiated by New Deal Era redlining regimes under the auspices of the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) were followed by decades of anti-gang over-policing tactics at the scale of the neighbourhood. We show how HOLC-mediated and mapped redlining has sustained community disinvestment and stigmatisation wrought by unjust and racist social policy seen to this day in contemporary geographies of gang abatement in the form of mapped gang injunction ‘safety zones’. As we illustrate with the use of two case studies from Los Angeles – in South-Central LA and LA’s San Fernando Valley – it is overwhelmingly redlined neighbourhoods that have remained marginalised, becoming civilly enjoined ‘gang’ neighbourhoods faced with oppressive anti-gang policing tactics over the past few decades.

A Past as a Place

2019 ◽  
pp. 271-301
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Central Andes ◽  
Fractal Model ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
The South ◽  
The Past ◽  
South Central ◽  
Specific Material ◽  
Ontological Framework

The existence of a situational concept indissolubly spatial and temporal in the Bolivian altiplano, better defined by the aymara term pacha, in the south-central Andes is well sustained by ethno-historic and ethnographic accounts. However, the implications of this concept for archaeological research have not been considered enough. Is especially suggestive that, the past being necessarily a place, humans may have conceived various ways to physically interact with their pasts through ceremonialism. This chapter considers the implication of this idea within a framework of archaeology of time, applying a fractal model of the pacha concept in its various nested scales. In order to illustrate the material forms that the idea of relating with the entities of a “place of the past” can adopt, this chapter discusses three case-studies along a historic sequence. The chapter finishes with some thoughts about the specific material conducts that can be adopted, even within the same ontological framework.

2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Reveals Areas of Los Angeles That Amplify Shaking of High-Rises

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 3370-3380
Author(s):  
Monica D. Kohler ◽  
Filippos Filippitzis ◽  
Thomas Heaton ◽  
Robert W. Clayton ◽  
Richard Guy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Site Amplification ◽  
Seismic Network ◽  
Los Angeles Basin ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The North ◽  
South Central ◽  
San Fernando

Abstract The populace of Los Angeles, California, was startled by shaking from the M 7.1 earthquake that struck the city of Ridgecrest located 200 km to the north on 6 July 2019. Although the earthquake did not cause damage in Los Angeles, the experience in high-rise buildings was frightening in contrast to the shaking felt in short buildings. Observations from 560 ground-level accelerometers reveal large variations in shaking in the Los Angeles basin that occurred for more than 2 min. The observations come from the spatially dense Community Seismic Network (CSN), combined with the sparser Southern California Seismic Network and California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program networks. Site amplification factors for periods of 1, 3, 6, and 8 s are computed as the ratio of each station’s response spectral values combined for the two horizontal directions, relative to the average of three bedrock sites. Spatially coherent behavior in site amplification emerges for periods ≥3  s, and the maximum calculated site amplifications are the largest, by factors of 7, 10, and 8, respectively, for 3, 6, and 8 s periods. The dense CSN observations show that the long-period amplification is clearly, but only partially, correlated with the depth to basement. Sites with the largest amplifications for the long periods (≥3  s) are not close to the deepest portion of the basin. At 6 and 8 s periods, the maximum amplifications occur in the western part of the Los Angeles basin and in the south-central San Fernando Valley sedimentary basin. The observations suggest that the excitation of a hypothetical high-rise located in an area characterized by the largest site amplifications could be four times larger than in a downtown Los Angeles location.

Water Politics and the San Fernando Valley: The Role of Water Rights in the 1915 Annexation and 1996-2002 Secession Campaigns

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-116
Author(s):  
Jordan Scavo
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Politics ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
San Fernando ◽  
San Fernando Valley ◽  
The City

Municipal water rights played the central role in the 1913-1915 campaign to annex San Fernando Valley communities to the city of Los Angeles. Jordan Scavo explores why the water issue was downplayed by both sides in the 1996-2002 Valley secession campaign. He finds that the water rights debates are a measure of the extent to which the Valley and the city have become bound to each other.

Seismology

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Focal Depth ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Northridge Earthquake ◽  
Los Angeles Basin ◽  
San Fernando ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
San Fernando Valley ◽  
The Moment

The Northridge earthquake occurred on January 17, 1994, at 4:31 a.m. Pacific Standard Time. The hypocenter was about 32 km west-northwest of Los Angeles in the San Fernando Valley at a relatively deep focal depth of 19 km. The moment magnitude for the earthquake is Mw6.7. The earthquake occurred on a south-southwest dipping thrust ramp beneath the San Fernando Valley and, thus, reemphasized the seismic hazard of concealed faults in the greater Los Angeles region. The Northridge earthquake also indicates a continuing high rate of seismicity along the northern edge of the Los Angeles basin.

General - Mark Patton. Science, Politics and Business in the Work of Sir John Lubbock: A Man of Universal Mind. xiv+270 pages, 11 illustrations. 2007. Aldershot: Ashgate; 978-0-7546-5321-9 hardback £55. - Robert Layton, Stephen Shennan & Peter Stone (ed.). A future for Archaeology. xviii+252 pages, 24 illustrations. 2006. London: UCL Press; 978-184472-126-9 hardback. - David R. Montgomery Dirt. The Erosion of Civilizations. x+286 pages, 26 illustrations. 2007. Berkeley, Los Angeles & London: University of California Press; 978-0-520-24870-0 hardback £15.95. - Philip Verhagen. Case studies in archaeological predictivemodelling (Archaeological Studies ofLeiden University 14). 224 pages, 31 figures, 57 tables., 2007. Leiden: Leiden University Press; 978-90-8728-007-9 paperback. - Martin Rundkvist (ed.). Scholarly Journals between the Past and the Future: The Fornvännen Centenary Round-Table Seminar, Stockhom, 21 April 2006 (Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien Konferenser 65). 110 pages, 12 illustrations, 1 table. 2007. Stockholm: Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities; 978-917402-368-8 paperback. - Dorota Cyngot, Stanislaw Tabaczynski & Anna Zalewska (ed.). Archaeologia Polona 44, Special theme: Archaeology — anthropology — history, parallel tracks and divergences. 416 pages, 29 illustrations, 7 tables. 2006. Warsaw: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences; PL ISSN 0066-5924, paperback. - Barbara Ann Kipfer. The Archaeologist’s Fieldwork Companion. xvi+468 pages, numerous illustrations & tables. 2007. Malden( MA), Oxford & Victoria: Blackwell; 978-1-4051-1885-9 hardback; 978-14051-1886-6 paperback £19.99. - Mark Pollard, Catherine Batt, Ben Stern & Suzanne M.M. Young Analytical Chemistry in Archaeology. xiv+404 pages, 93 figures, 13 tables. 2007. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 9780-521-65209-4 hardback £55 & $95; 978-0-52165572-9 paperback £24.99 & $45.

Antiquity ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (313) ◽  
pp. 822-822
Author(s):  
Madeleine Hummler
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Chemistry ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Round Table ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Royal Swedish Academy ◽  
Scholarly Journals ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

“More Than a Place of Worship”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Padoongpatt
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Global City ◽  
Buddhist Temple ◽  
History Of ◽  
San Fernando ◽  
Liberal Multiculturalism ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Community Space ◽  
Race And Place

This chapter examines food festivals at the Wat Thai of Los Angeles, the first and largest Thai Buddhist temple in the nation, which was established in 1979, as a window on the relationship between food, race, and place in the suburbs during the 1980s. It charts Thai American suburbanization in the East San Fernando Valley near Wat Thai and traces the history of the temple, including how it evolved into a community space that became popular for its weekend food festivals. The festivals, which attracted thousands of visitors, fostered a public-oriented Thai American suburban culture that was a claim for a "right to the global city." The festivals, however, sparked complaints from a group of nearby residents, who used zoning laws to try to shut them down. The chapter contends that the residents who opposed the festivals articulated a liberal multiculturalism to maintain the white spatial imaginary of the neighborhood.

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