Mapping and making gangland: A legacy of redlining and enjoining gang neighbourhoods in Los Angeles

We provide an example of how race- and place-based legacies of disinvestment initiated by New Deal Era redlining regimes under the auspices of the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) were followed by decades of anti-gang over-policing tactics at the scale of the neighbourhood. We show how HOLC-mediated and mapped redlining has sustained community disinvestment and stigmatisation wrought by unjust and racist social policy seen to this day in contemporary geographies of gang abatement in the form of mapped gang injunction ‘safety zones’. As we illustrate with the use of two case studies from Los Angeles – in South-Central LA and LA’s San Fernando Valley – it is overwhelmingly redlined neighbourhoods that have remained marginalised, becoming civilly enjoined ‘gang’ neighbourhoods faced with oppressive anti-gang policing tactics over the past few decades.

Queer from the Horse’s Mouth

This chapter focuses on two mid-century American screen equines who possess the power of speech: Francis, a patriotic U.S. Army mule serving during WWII, and Mr. Ed, a palomino horse living in the suburbanizing postwar San Fernando Valley. Contextualizing Arthur Lubin’s wildly popular Francis films (1950–1956) and Mr. Ed television series (1961–1966) within the tradition of talking horses in literary classics such as The Iliad and Gulliver’s Travels—and also in relation to mid-twentieth-century American debates around gender—the chapter argues that Francis and Mr. Ed’s ventriloquial voices not only serve as vehicles for a critique of traditional masculinity, but also channel some startlingly queer and post-human interspecies alternatives to human heteronormativity.

Geological Structure of the Sylmar Basin: Implications for Slip Distribution Along the Santa Susana/Hospital and Mission Hills Fault System in the San Fernando Valley, CA, U.S.A.

We developed a forward model using the Trishear module in MOVE to better understand the structure of the northwestern San Fernando Valley and the relationship among the Santa Susana, Hospital, Mission Hills and Northridge Hills faults. This study was motivated by the 1971 San Fernando earthquake and previous work that inferred a high slip rate on the Santa Susana fault, which is in apparent contrast to the lack of significant geomorphic expression of the fault in the Sylmar Basin region. We trenched the Mission Hills anticline from the crest to the base of slope and demonstrate that the Mission Hills anticline is an actively growing fault propagation fold. The associated thrust tip is either deeper than 15 m or sufficiently far to the south that the fault was not encountered in large diameter borings, but the minimum structural relief across the Mission Hills fault since the late Pleistocene is on the order of 37 m, suggesting a minimum uplift rate of 0.5 mm/yr. Our work presents a structural analysis that demonstrates how the Santa Susana fault system evolved in time, with the frontal thrust progressively migrating southward to the Mission Hills fault, and farther south to the Northridge Hills blind thrust. The progression of faulting towards the direction of vergence is compatible with the observed thrust front migration in the western Transverse Ranges of California, and other trust belts around the world.

Damping Values Derived from Surface-Source, Downhole-Receiver Measurements at 22 Sites in the San Francisco Bay Area of Central California and the San Fernando Valley of Southern California

A method discussed in Gibbs, Boore, et al. (1994) was applied to surface-source, downhole-receiver recordings at 22 boreholes, in the San Francisco Bay area in central California and the San Fernando Valley of southern California, to determine the average damping ratio of shear waves over depth intervals ranging from about 10 m to as much as 245 m (at one site), with most maximum depths being between 35 and 90 m. The average damping values range from somewhat less than 1% to almost 8%, with little dependence on grain size for sites in sediments. Surprisingly, the average damping values for sites with average velocities greater than about 450 m/s, including, but not limited to rock sites, are generally larger than for sites with lower average velocities. The combined effect of the higher damping and shorter travel times through the rock columns, however, leads to an effective attenuation that is generally comparable or smaller than for soil sites.

An autoethnographic account of urban restructuring and neighborhood change in Los Angeles’ San Fernando Valley

Suburbs have long been glossed over by critical urbanists for being culturally, even if not spatially, less than urban. In Los Angeles, it is the San Fernando Valley that has received such treatment as scholars have tended toward the metropolitan basin. In this article, I aim to help re-center the San Fernando Valley as a complex and conflictual cultural landscape through an autoethnographic exploration of four moments of urban restructuring in the Panorama City neighborhood. I provide a personal account of how a succession of events – the 1992 LA Riot, 1993 General Motors Plant closure, 1994 Northridge earthquake, and 1996 dismantling of the Aid for Families with Dependent Children welfare program – led to the disruption and partial destruction of a neighborhood. I situate these moments of crisis within the context of a civil gang injunction and outbreak of abject violence during this time period, which further destabilized the neighborhood and informed my own decision to pick up a gun.

284. Using Epidemiologic Investigation and Viral Sequencing to Describe and Provide Public Health Response to an Outbreak (OB) of Acute Hepatitis A Virus Infection (HAV) in the San Fernando Valley (SFV), California

Background California (CA) experienced a large hepatitis A OB in 2017–2018 associated with genotype IB strains, primarily among persons experiencing homelessness and/or using drugs. In October and November 2018, we identified a cluster of three HAV cases among persons linked by drug use and homelessness in the San Fernando Valley (SFV), CA. We describe how molecular epidemiologic methods linked an additional four OB cases that lived or were associated with a senior housing facility (SHF) and guided hepatitis A vaccine outreach. Methods Suspect HAV cases were reported to DPH through provider and electronic lab reports with positive serum HAV IgM and resided in a 2 mile2 area in SFV. A case report and extended interview were completed on suspects to assess risk factors associated with HAV transmission and contacts. HAV IgM positive serum specimens were sent to the CA DPH Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory for HAV RNA detection and molecular sequencing. Extracted nucleic acids were amplified using nested, RT-PCR targeting the VP1-P2B region, and a 315 nt fragment was sequenced using Sanger sequencing. Contacts to cases received HAV prophylaxis and HAV vaccine outreaches occurred in at-risk settings. Results We identified 7 HAV cases with symptom onsets from October 2018 to January 2019. All 7 cases had positive serum HAV IgM, ≥ALT 3 X normal or had a specimen matching the OB strain and were epi- linked to a case previously identified. Of 3 homeless cases, 2 had genotype 1B, CA cluster A; one specimen was unavailable. Four additional SHF cases were 2 residents, one staff, and one visitor. Among the 4 cases associated with the SHF, three had genotype 1B, CA cluster A; one specimen was unavailable. Two elderly residents reported severe fatigue, without nausea, diarrhea and vomiting. Among the 3 homeless individuals, no direct link to the SHF was established. In total, 948 HAV vaccines were provided at the SHF, homeless shelters and other settings. HAV vaccine coverage for SHF residents and food handlers was 70% and 62%,, respectively. Conclusion Two clusters of HAV cases were identified among homeless persons and individuals associated with an SHF were linked through a common HAV genotype. Two elderly cases had atypical symptoms that may not have been confirmed as HAV without viral sequencing and prompted vaccine campaign to prevent additional HAV cases. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

The Armenians of Glendale: An Ethnoburb in Los Angeles's San Fernando Valley

Glendale may house the most visible Armenian diaspora in the world; however, it remains among the most invisible in print. The following begins to shed light on this community by providing a brief background and demographic profile of Armenians in Glendale. The article then attempts to expand discussions of Chinese “ethnoburbs” by situating Glendale Armenians in these discussions. Despite scholars’ expansion of the concept, the ethnoburb has had limited application—largely, to Chinese and a few other Asian immigrant communities. However, is the concept of the ethnoburb generalizable in contexts outside of Chinese immigrant settlements? In this article, I contend that the ethnoburb model is generalizable by situating Glendale's Armenian community within this framework.