Are Adverse Childhood Experiences Associated With Deficits in Self-Control? A Test Among Two Independent Samples of Youth

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Meldrum ◽  
Brae Campion Young ◽  
Sadhika Soor ◽  
Carter Hay ◽  
Jennifer E. Copp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Household Dysfunction ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Behavior Outcomes ◽  
And Behavior Outcomes ◽  
And Behavior

A large body of research links both a lack of self-control and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to a variety of negative health and behavior outcomes, including delinquent and criminal behavior. To date, relatively little research considers whether experiencing a greater variety of ACEs is associated with lower self-control. We advance this area of research by first articulating potential mechanisms through which ACEs may impact self-control. We then investigate whether experiencing more ACEs is inversely associated with self-control in separate samples of youth from Michigan and Florida. For both samples, results indicate that experiencing a greater variety of ACEs is negatively associated with self-control. Exploratory analyses also indicate that ACEs reflecting interpersonal maltreatment are more strongly associated with deficits in self-control than ACEs pertaining to aspects of household dysfunction.

The role of adverse childhood experiences, self control and Dark Triad in the development of criminal behaviour. Correlative and differential aspects

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-37
Author(s):  
Bogdan-Ioan Merlușcă ◽  
Alina Chiracu
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood Events ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Impact

This research consists of two studies that aimed primarily on identifying the links between adverse childhood experiences, the level of self-control, the „dark” personality traits, and also their relationship with criminal behavior. In the first study we aimed to establish a relationship between all the variables. A sample of 232 psychology students participated in the research. They reported that they experienced a number of emotional adverse events in their childhood, and these events were positively associated with low levels of self-control and dark personality traits. The second study aimed to replicate the results obtained in the first study. Furthermore, we want to see the differences related to these variables between inmates and psychology students. In this study participated 87 inmates and 87 psychology students. The results showed that inmates predominantly experienced adverse childhood events of a physical nature, while students predominantly experienced adverse emotional events. It has been shown that psychopathy has been positively associated with offending behavior and the high frequency of adverse childhood events. The low level of self-control has been positively associated with adverse childhood events and negative personality traits. Further studies are needed in order to establish students' sensitivity thresholds in relation to adverse childhood events and to clarify the impact these events have had on students.

The role of adverse childhood experiences, self control and Dark Triad in the development of criminal behaviour. Correlative and differential aspects

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-37
Author(s):  
Bogdan-Ioan Merlușcă ◽  
Alina Chiracu
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood Events ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Impact

This research consists of two studies that aimed primarily on identifying the links between adverse childhood experiences, the level of self-control, the „dark” personality traits, and also their relationship with criminal behavior. In the first study we aimed to establish a relationship between all the variables. A sample of 232 psychology students participated in the research. They reported that they experienced a number of emotional adverse events in their childhood, and these events were positively associated with low levels of self-control and dark personality traits. The second study aimed to replicate the results obtained in the first study. Furthermore, we want to see the differences related to these variables between inmates and psychology students. In this study participated 87 inmates and 87 psychology students. The results showed that inmates predominantly experienced adverse childhood events of a physical nature, while students predominantly experienced adverse emotional events. It has been shown that psychopathy has been positively associated with offending behavior and the high frequency of adverse childhood events. The low level of self-control has been positively associated with adverse childhood events and negative personality traits. Further studies are needed in order to establish students' sensitivity thresholds in relation to adverse childhood events and to clarify the impact these events have had on students.

Early Adverse Childhood Experiences and Self-Control Development among Youth in Fragile Families

2021 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2199637
Author(s):  
Melissa S. Jones ◽  
Hayley Pierce ◽  
Constance L. Chapple
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Fragile Families ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Using Data

Though considerable research links both a lack of self-control and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to a variety of negative health and behavioral outcomes, few studies to date have explored whether ACEs are associated with deficits in self-control. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCW; n = 3,444) and a life course theoretical framework, this study aims to address this gap in the literature by examining the relationships between individual ACEs, cumulative ACEs, timing of ACEs, and durations of early ACEs and self-control development among youth. Our results indicate that as the number of ACEs (by age 5) experienced incrementally increases, the likelihood of reported self-control decreases. Moreover, when it comes to the timing and duration of ACE exposure, ACEs that are high but late, intermittent, or chronically high significantly decrease self-control. Based on our findings, researchers should continue to explore the role of ACEs in youth self-control development.

Gender, adverse childhood experiences, and the development of self-control

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 101811
Author(s):  
Constance L. Chapple ◽  
Hayley Pierce ◽  
Melissa S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

scholarly journals Childhood Abuse, Neglect, and Household Dysfunction and the Risk of Illicit Drug Use: The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Dube ◽  
V. J. Felitti ◽  
M. Dong ◽  
D. P. Chapman ◽  
W. H. Giles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Household Dysfunction ◽  
Adverse Childhood

scholarly journals A systematic review to investigate whether the current family court process in Scotland, leads to emotionally functional adults in cases of adverse childhood experiences.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Family Court ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Household Dysfunction ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Family Contact

The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate whether the current family court procedure in Scotland, involving cases of adverse childhood experiences exacerbated by parental abuse or household dysfunction, is likely to contribute, even inadvertently, to a deficit in emotional functionality in adults. Firstly, I will explore the literature on adverse childhood experiences, focussing on aspects such as critical periods of development, responsivity to stress, neural plasticity and the importance of family, to establish the potential effects on children’s social development, educational attainment, behavioural system, physical system and neurological development. Secondly, by exploring emotion regulation and the biological mechanisms that regulate the body’s stress hormone response system, I aim to identify how the association between stress and empathy impact the behavioural and emotional systems, to establish whether reduced empathy development is a potential pathway to future psychotic disorders, particularly, within populations with a history of childhood maltreatment.Finally, I will investigate how the court conducts family contact disputes, maintaining a balance between participation and protection of the child, whilst retaining the equilibrium of these views and the welfare principle.

scholarly journals Criminal History and Adverse Childhood Experiences in Relation to Recidivism and Social Functioning in Multi-problem Young Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 009385482097545
Author(s):  
Laura Van Duin ◽  
Michiel De Vries Robbé ◽  
Reshmi Marhe ◽  
Floor Bevaart ◽  
Josjan Zijlmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Criminal Records ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

This study examines the relationship between criminal history and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and how they collectively predict (a) recidivism and (b) positive social functioning among multi-problem young adults. Criminal records and self-report data regarding ACEs and adult education/employment and quality of life (QoL) were collected for 692 multiproblem young adults (18–27 years). Results indicated that an extensive criminal history was related to non-violent and violent recidivism and lack of involvement in education/employment in young adulthood. On the contrary, a higher number of ACEs was related to lower QoL later in life, while this was not associated with recidivism or education/employment. These findings highlight again that past criminal behavior is a strong predictor of future criminality, particularly within this group of young adults with multiple problems. Furthermore, experiencing negative events in childhood shows to have long-term negative effects on QoL even for these individuals who already experience multiple life problems. Implications are discussed.

An evaluation of a simulation and video-based training program to address adverse childhood experiences

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 366-375
Author(s):  
Julie Miller-Cribbs ◽  
Jedediah Bragg ◽  
Frances Wen ◽  
Martina Jelley ◽  
Kim A Coon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Stigma Reduction ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Training Outcomes ◽  
Model And Simulation ◽  
Household Dysfunction ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Trauma Informed

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are multiple sources of maltreatment and household dysfunction with tremendous impact on health. A trauma-informed (TI) approach is preferred when working with patients with ACEs. The Professional ACEs-Informed Training for Health© (PATH©) educational program and simulation experience using standardized patients (SP) was developed to help healthcare professionals address ACEs with adults. PATH© is a 3–4 hour curriculum comprised of lecture and discussion, video-based demonstration, simulation experience, and debriefing. It was first developed for primary care (PC) residents in family medicine and internal medicine, and subsequently modified for occupational therapy (OT) and physical therapy (PT) students. This study evaluates a preliminary dataset focusing on PATH© skills of PC residents and OT and PT students during simulation. Recordings of 53 learner-SP encounters from 15 OT and PT students and 38 PC residents were coded using standardized behavioral codes. A subset of ten recordings of PC residents who participated in simulations in the first and fourth year of the training program allowed for evaluation of training outcomes over time. Results showed that medical residents and OT and PT students demonstrated skills during SP encounters congruent with TI training on addressing ACEs with adults, particularly in explaining ACEs, demonstrating empathy, collaborative treatment planning, and stigma reduction. PC residents showed both positive and negative changes in PATH©-specific skills from year 1 to 4 of the training program. This study supports the PATH© model and simulation-based training in preparing clinicians to address ACEs with adults and provides insight into further curriculum improvement.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adolescent Delinquency in a High-Risk Sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail A. Fagan ◽  
Abigail Novak
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Race Differences ◽  
Adolescent Delinquency ◽  
Youth Offenders ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Household Dysfunction ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Research shows that adverse events experienced during childhood (i.e., adverse childhood experiences [ACEs]) are problematic, but few studies have examined race differences in the prevalence and impact of ACEs on delinquency. This study investigated these relationships using prospective data from approximately 600 high-risk families in the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect. Ten ACEs were measured, five types of child maltreatment and five types of household dysfunction. White youth experienced a significantly greater number of ACEs (4.08) compared to Black youth (2.90) and a greater prevalence of seven individual ACEs. According to logistic regression analyses, the number of ACEs significantly increased the likelihood of self-reported alcohol use, marijuana use, violence (in some models), and arrest at age 16 among Blacks but not Whites; race differences were statistically significant for alcohol use, marijuana use, and arrest. The findings support the need for juvenile justice officials to recognize the trauma histories of youth offenders when determining appropriate treatment and sanctions.

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