Protocol for a randomized controlled trial investigating an intervention to boost decentering in response to distressing mental experiences during adolescence: The Decentering in Adolescence Study (DECADES)

Introduction. Decentering describes the ability to voluntarily adopt an objective self-perspective from which to notice internal, typically distressing, stressors (e.g. difficult thoughts, memories, and feelings). The reinforcement of this skill may be an active ingredient through which different psychological interventions accrue reductions in anxiety and/or depression. However, it is unclear if decentering can be selectively trained at a young age and if this might reduce psychological distress. The aim of the current trial is to address this research gap. Methods and analysis. Adolescents, recruited from partnering schools in the UK and the EU (n = 48 per group, age range = 16-19 years), will be randomised to complete of five-weeks of decentering training, or form an active control group that will take part in in light physical exercise and cognitive training. The co-primary training outcomes include a self-reported decentering inventory (i.e. the Experiences Questionnaire) and the momentary use of decentering in response to psychological stressors, using experience sampling. The secondary mental health outcomes will include self-reported inventories of depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as psychological wellbeing. The initial statistical analysis will use mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA) to estimate the effect of training condition on self-rated inventories across three timepoints: baseline, mid-intervention and post-intervention. Additionally, experience sampling data will be initially interrogated using hierarchical linear models. Ethics and dissemination. This study was approved by the Cambridge Psychology Research Ethics Committee, University of Cambridge (PRE.2019.109). Findings will be disseminated through typical academic routes including poster/paper presentations at (intern)-national conferences, academic institutes and through publication in peer-reviewed journals.

Effect of aeromedical training on anxiety levels of ab initio pilots

Purpose Aeromedical training is meant to train aircrew in combating physiological problems that they might face in flight. Given the importance of the training, there are limited studies in the literature investigating the anxiety levels during aeromedical training along with training outcomes. This study aims to assess the untrained participants’ anxiety levels before and after aeromedical training, investigate the differences in anxiety levels across different physiological training devices and determine whether participants’ anxiety levels affect their G tolerances. Design/methodology/approach This study was carried out on 61 healthy male subjects (n = 61) who had applied for initial aeromedical training. Anxiety surveys and visual analog scales were administered before and after the practical aeromedical training. In addition, blood pressure and heart rate measurements were carried out. Findings Participants had significantly higher anxiety levels before human centrifuge training (pre-Glab) than before the altitude chamber training (pre-hypobaric). Participants who experienced G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) had slightly more anxiety reported than the non-G-LOC group. There was a significant decrease between pre-Glab and post-Glab (after the human centrifuge training) and between pre-hypobaric and post-hypobaric (after the altitude chamber training) anxiety levels. The incidence of G-LOC was lower in participants having higher pre-G-Lab blood pressure. However, the difference in anxiety levels between the G-LOC group and the non-G-LOC group was not statistically significant. Research limitations/implications In this study, state anxiety inventory was not performed after human centrifuge training as centrifuge training lasted for around 5 min only, and it is not advisable to repeat state anxiety inventory in such short periods. Blood pressure was not measured after G-Lab training because human centrifuge training is hard training and has an impact on blood pressure. Hence, it would have been difficult to distinguish whether the blood pressure change was due to anxiety or hard physical activity. These limitations, especially for the G-Lab, caused us to evaluate state anxiety only with VAS. It would be worthwhile to repeat similar studies with objective measurements before and after the training. Practical implications This information suggests that instructors who train the applicants on aerospace medicine be ready for the possible consequences of anxiety. Originality/value There are only a few centers in the world that include all the physiological training devices (practical aeromedical training laboratories) together. To the best of authors’ knowledge, there are no studies in the literature investigating the differences in anxiety levels across various physiological training devices. The studies about the effect of anxiety levels on aeromedical training outcomes and anxiety levels before and after the training are scant.

Updating Training in the Medical Field

This chapter briefly reviews the literature that explores the training technique of deliberate practice and the related constructs, training outcomes of achievement goal orientation, self-efficacy, perceived instrumentality, and reflective practice. This work explains how educators can use and measure these variables to enhance current training methodologies. As part of creating more effective training, the TARGET model, developed by Ames, will be utilized to discuss potential ways to enhance training outcomes in a post-COVID-19 world. Specifically, suggestions are offered for enhancing online training using deliberate practice combined with the TARGET model within a medical setting where there are limited resources.

Contribution des Techniques Andragogiques au Succês de la Formation Continue : Cas de la Mise en Œuvre des Objectifs de Développement Durable au Benin

Dans cet article, le travail a consisté à mesurer l’atteinte des objectifs de la formation et à analyser la perception que les participants ont de leurs acquis de formation. Ainsi, cette recherche a pour but d’apprécier le recours aux techniques andragogiques dans la formation des formateurs d’adultes dans un centre de formation professionnelle continue. La démarche méthodologique adoptée est mixte. Le recensement exhaustif des 12 formateurs en Objectifs de Développement durable (ODD) conviés au renforcement de leurs capacités est fait. Il y en a eu 10 qui ont accepté de participer à l’enquête. La collecte des données a été réalisée grâce à un questionnaire (fiche d’évaluation de la formation) ayant servi à voir leur niveau de satisfaction et un guide d’entretien pour connaître la perception des participants sur l’atelier de formation. L'analyse catégorielle a permis de traiter les données qualitatives et de répartir les différentes réponses dans des ensembles en fonction de leur signification et de leur interprétation contextuelle. Majoritairement, les participants formateurs sont totalement satisfaits des modules de formation en andragogie qui, avec les notions enseignées en ODD, permettront l’amélioration de leurs pratiques. Plus de 70% des participants ont aimé l’organisation matérielle et plus de 80% ont nettement apprécié le déroulement de la formation. Il importe donc de former les formateurs à l’approche andragogique pour renforcer leurs capacités dans la compréhension et l’interprétation des ODD comme stratégie pour l’atteinte des objectifs de formation. In this article, the work consisted of measuring the achievement of training objectives and analyzing participants' perception of their training outcomes. Thus, the purpose of this research is to assess the use of andragogic techniques in the training of adult trainers in a continuing vocational training centre. The methodological approach adopted is mixed. The exhaustive census of the 12 trainers in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) invited to strengthen their capacities is done. There were 10 who agreed to participate in the survey. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire (training score sheet) used to see their level of satisfaction and an interview guide to find out how participants perceived the training workshop. Categorical analysis made it possible to process qualitative data and to divide the different responses into sets according to their meaning and contextual interpretation. For the most part, the training participants are completely satisfied with the training modules in andragogy which, together with the concepts taught in the SDGs, will allow the improvement of their practices. More than 70% of the participants liked the material organization and more than 80% clearly appreciated the course of the training. It is therefore important to train trainers in the andragogic approach to strengthen their capacities in understanding and interpreting the SDGs as a strategy for achieving training objectives.

Development of a Model Mobile Training Management to Improve Quality Outcome of Education and Training for Coastal Communities in East Java

This research aims to analyze the practicality of developing a mobile training management model to improve the quality of education and training outcomes for coastal communities in East Java at the Surabaya Shipping Polytechnic. This study uses a qualitative approach that is based on the philosophy of positivism. Research subjects are employees who are involved in the implementation of the training, management experts who are masters in their fields and understand the training activities. This development research uses three kinds of data collection methods, namely observation, interviews, and documentation. The research procedure used development adapted from Borg and Gall. Based on the research analysis, it can be concluded that the development of a mobile training management model to improve the quality of the training results is practical. The practicality of the mobile training model is shown by a very good category of assessment responses by expert users of mobile training management model development product users and the audience. Then results of the product trial to the community received some input and suggestions on some of the findings of obstacles to the application of the model. This research implies that it can be used as a guideline by coastal communities to improve the quality of safety during shipping

Para taekwondo

Sport and physical activity can play significant role in the lives of persons with disabilities. Participating in sports can improve their health and physical capacities, promote constructive use of their time, as well as provide a better way to integrate and be included in the community. The aim of this qualitative study was to gain insight into perspectives of six coaches regarding their work as para taekwondo trainers. The results present the challenges in the coaches’ work, ways of dealing with difficulties related to para taekwondo training, and positive training outcomes. The challenges faced by coaches indicate acceptance of the abilities of the athletes, ascribed incompetence to athletes with disabilities, lack of trust in the abilities of athletes among people in their social environment, and aggressive behaviour exhibited by persons with intellectual disabilities. Other challenges include limited financial resources, the importance of becoming aware of one’s own prejudice about the capabilities of individuals with disabilities, and building relationships with athletes with disabilities. The coaches deal with difficulties related to para taekwondo training by educating themselves and others, applying an individualised approach to training, cooperating with people from the social environment of athletes with disabilities, and considering the work done with athletes with disabilities as a reward. They recognise positive training outcomes for athletes with disabilities through improvements in bodily functioning, better self-image, and further inclusion in the community.

Bringing Rights of Older Persons to the Real World: Lessons Learned From a Rights-Based Training

When gerontological education and training are grounded in a rights-based approach, this framing provides a tool to ensure the rights of older people are advocated for and experienced. A “train the trainer” program was given to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) providing services to refugees in Jordan. The goal of the training was to educate NGOs on how to use a rights-based approach when responding to and supporting older refugees. The training covered a range of topics in ensuring the rights of older people in the provision of care, protection, and inclusion. Training outcomes revealed an increased awareness of the rights of older people. Skills and knowledge gained as a result of this training empowered participants to further develop their own work, within their cultural context, to reflect a rights-based approach to services and programs.