The Role of Policy Makers in the Formulation and Implementation of Public Policy for Brazilian Agriculture

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Pereira Leite
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Institutional Environments ◽  
Public Administrators ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Public Policy Analysis ◽  
Rural Policy

A processual approach to public policy analysis rather than the more common instrumental one can help us to understand the experience of policy makers involved in government programs related to rural Brazil and to evaluate the extent to which the implementation of rural policy is influenced by the networks and institutional environments in which administrators are engaged. A broader analytical framework for agrarian and agricultural policies, particularly those implemented during the two terms of the Lula administration (2003–2010), can be arrived at by examining the strategic political games in which public administrators were involved, the different forums in which these games were institutionalized (the spaces in which rural policies are created and implemented), and the institutional environments that structured and regulated the creation of these policies. Este trabalho aborda a experiência e a participação de gestores de políticas públicas envolvidos em programas governamentais relacionados ao meio rural brasileiro, visando compreender em que medida o ambiente institucional e as redes nas quais os mesmos estão inseridos condicionam o processo de implementação das ações observadas setorialmente, reforçando o emprego das análises de políticas públicas centradas na sua dimensão processual e não necessariamente instrumental, como é mais comum na literatura especializada. Focalizando os jogos políticos nos quais o corpo administrativo e técnico esteve envolvido (marcados por conflitos, barganhas e/ou negociações e envolvendo diversas administrações, grupos de interesses e outros stakeholders), os diferentes fóruns onde estes jogos foram institucionalizados (constituindo-se em loci privilegiados da produção e condução das políticas agrárias), e o ambiente institucional que estrutura e regula a produção destas políticas buscou-se desenhar um quadro mais amplo da análise de políticas agrárias e agrícolas, particularmente aquelas implementadas durante os dois mandatos do governo Lula (2003–2010).

Public Policy Making and Public Policy Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee S. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Public Policy Analysis ◽  
Professional Class ◽  
The Many

This chapter reviews the development and growth of the policy-analytic profession. Historically, government decision makers have often called upon those with expertise to assist them in reaching their decisions. This chapter, however, concerns a new professional class of advisors that began developing during the 1950s in the United States. This new profession assists policy makers in understanding better their alternatives and relevant considerations for choosing among them. From here, the chapter offers some perspective on the research to date that has attempted to assess the effects of the profession—a perspective that emphasizes some important differences across the many types of governmental settings that utilize policy analysis, and the methodological difficulties that assessment efforts confront.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Wagenaar ◽  
Helga Amesberger ◽  
Sietske Altink
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Prostitution Policy ◽  
Policy Regimes ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Public Policy Analysis

The introduction describes the historical involvement of the state in the regulation of prostitution. It introduces the concept of public policy and its neglect in the academic literature on prostitution. We argue that the literature avoids a systematic discussion of public policy by focusing on a host of other factors that shape prostitution in society, such as large extraneous influences, broad (national) policy regimes, international human rights governance, discourse, broad shifts in governmentality. Instead, it is the concerted actions of national and local policy makers in designing regulation that shape the different manifestations of prostitution: the places where it is practised, the type of prostitution that is prevalent in a society, and the position and rights of sex workers. The chapter describes the three goals of the book: to provide an overview and critique of how prostitution policy has been analysed; to provide a policy analytical approach that both recognizes the particular challenges of the field and applies the concepts and tools of public policy analysis; and to provide suggestions for how policy-makers can move forward in establishing a fairer and more humane policy.

The Role of Media Influence in Shaping Public Energy Dialogues

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Hegemonic Discourse ◽  
Media Communication ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Policy Analysis ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Media Discourses

The objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of the main mechanisms and processes observed in media discourses with the potential to shape political and economic responses to energy issues. By adopting the discursive approach to public policy analysis, the author attempts to answer these questions: How is energy is discussed? What is said and what is not said? Who speaks and who is absent in media discourse? The focus is on the problems of media communication that are crucial for public dialogue on energy. In conclusion, it is argued that the energy discourse in mass media is a post-hegemonic discourse, while the counter-discourses try to find their place in other dimensions of the public sphere, such as nonfiction literature or social media, and therefore their visibility is limited.

Institutional influence, cognition and competence of top managers and innovative firms

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaidong Feng ◽  
Qunhong Shen ◽  
Shuming Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Institutional Environments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
Institutional Influence ◽  
Innovative Firms ◽  
Chinese Transition ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the relationship between the role of entrepreneurs and the innovation investment propensity of Chinese firms. This study is expected to enhance our understanding about the competence building of top management team for innovative development. Design/methodology/approach – The analytical framework draws upon the recent theoretical progress about innovative firms, cognition and competence building of top managers. A horizontal data comparison and four longitudinal case studies of representative firms in the Chinese power equipment industry are implemented. Findings – The cognitive backgrounds of top managers, which have a significant role in directing strategic resource allocation, are found to be influenced by institutional environments. Because the institutional environments which are under the Chinese transition impact different groups of firms in different ways, the relevant practices of these firms lead to dissimilar competence building of top managers. Originality/value – This paper establishes a nexus of “institutional influence–cognition–resource allocation”. Such a nexus highlights the role of cognition of top managers in influencing the strategy-making of firms. So it helps in explaining the conditions for competence building in firms.

State Governments’ Response to the AIDS Crisis: An Advertising Perspective

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Bush ◽  
Victoria Davies
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Aids Virus ◽  
Aids Crisis ◽  
State Aids

AIDS in the United Slates may be the most urgent public health issue facing public policy makers today. Since there is currently no chemical cure or vaccine for the AIDS virus, the only weapons available for prevention are public information and education. This study assesses the role of advertising in disseminating information during the AIDS crisis by interviewing the state AIDS coordinators in each of the 48 contiguous United States. The results of the study summarize what the states are currently doing with their AIDS advertising campaigns. Additionally, state AIDS coordinators’ perceptions are presented on advertising's role during the AIDS crisis, and what can be done to improve current AIDS advertising campaigns. Finally, implications for public policy makers are discussed.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial ecosystems in Poland: panacea, paper tiger or Pandora’s box?

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chay Brooks ◽  
Tim Vorley ◽  
Cristian Gherhes
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
Theory Practice Gap

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the role of public policy in the formation of entrepreneurial ecosystems in Poland. Design/methodology/approach The paper assumes a qualitative approach to researching and analysing how public policy enables and constrains the formation of entrepreneurial ecosystems. The authors conducted a series of focus groups with regional and national policy makers, enterprises and intermediaries in three Polish voivodeships (regions) – Malopolska, Mazowieckie and Pomorskie. Findings The paper finds that applying the entrepreneurial ecosystems approach is a challenging prospect for public policy characterised by a theory-practice gap. Despite the attraction of entrepreneurial ecosystems as a heuristic to foster entrepreneurial activity, the cases highlight the complexity of implementing the framework conditions in practice. As the Polish case demonstrates, there are aspects of entrepreneurial ecosystems that are beyond the immediate scope of public policy. Research limitations/implications The results challenge the view that the entrepreneurial ecosystems framework represents a readily implementable public policy solution to stimulate entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial growth. Insights are drawn from three regions, although by their nature these are predominantly city centric, highlighting the bounded geography of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Originality/value This paper poses new questions regarding the capacity of public policy to establish and extend entrepreneurial ecosystems. While public policy can shape the framework and system conditions, the paper argues that these interventions are often based on superficial or incomplete interpretations of the entrepreneurial ecosystems literature and tend to ignore or underestimate informal institutions that can undermine these efforts. As such, by viewing the ecosystems approach as a panacea for growth policy makers risk opening Pandora’s box.

scholarly journals Voting Rights Litigation And The Arkansas Judiciary: Getting What You Didn’t Ask For

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
James D. Gingerich
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Voting Rights ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
Policy Analysts ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms

Many authors and researchers have commented about the role of courts, both federal and state, as public policy makers (Dahl, 1958; Grossman and Wells, 1966 and 1980; Shubert, 1974; Horowitz, 1977; Jacob, 1983). Others have studied the process of implementing judicial decisions and their effect upon public policy and other political institutions (Wasby, 1970; Baum, 1976, 1977, and 1985; Tarr, 1977; Johnson and Canon, 1984). Public policy analysts have shown that the longrecognized uncertainties in public policy-making frequently result in unintended consequences (Lindblom, 1968). Such unintended results are even more likely in the judicial decision-making setting, given the questioned authority and ability of courts to make policy, the lack of sufficient enforcement mechanisms, and the diverse nature of the implementing populations (Johnson and Canon, 1984).

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