Clinicians’ Competence in Assessing Cultural Mistrust Among African American Psychiatric Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur L. Whaley
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Culturally Sensitive ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cultural Mistrust ◽  
Equation Modeling

A two-stage culturally sensitive diagnostic procedure allows for the assessment of cultural factors in paranoid symptom expression among African Americans. The first stage eliminates clinician bias by ensuring that diagnosticians adhere to DSM criteria. The second stage removes cultural bias by having cultural experts (i.e., African American mental health professionals) give best-estimate diagnoses using the same symptom data along with cultural knowledge. The present study uses the culturally sensitive diagnostic interview paradigm and structural equation modeling to examine the effects of demographic background, patients’ self-report of paranoid symptoms, and patients’ self-report of cultural mistrust on clinicians’ ratings of cultural mistrust for a sample of 116 Black psychiatric inpatients. Full and reduced models were tested using structural equation modeling, and the reduced model was the best fit to the data. The results suggest that clinicians can identify cultural mistrust in Black psychiatric patients. Implications for cultural competence training to prevent psychiatric misdiagnosis are discussed.

On the Structure of Affect

2021 ◽  
Vol 229 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Wedderhoff ◽  
Timo Gnambs ◽  
Oliver Wedderhoff ◽  
Tanja Burgard ◽  
Michael Bošnjak
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Correlation Matrices ◽  
The World ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Cross National

Abstract. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson et al., 1988 ) is a popular self-report questionnaire that is administered all over the world. Though originally developed to measure two independent factors, different models have been proposed in the literature. Comparisons among alternative models as well as analyses concerning their robustness in cross-national research have left an inconclusive picture. Therefore, the present study evaluates the dimensionality of the PANAS and differences between English and translated versions of the PANAS using a meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach. Correlation matrices from 57 independent samples ( N = 54,043) were pooled across subsamples. For both English and non-English samples, a correlated two-factor model including correlated uniquenesses provided the best fit. However, measurement invariance analyses indicated differences in factor loadings between subsamples. Thus, cross-national application of the PANAS might only be justified if measurement equivalence was explicitly tested for the countries at hand.

scholarly journals The relations among empathy, occupational commitment, and emotional exhaustion of nurses

Medicina ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saule Raižiene ◽  
Aukse Endriulaitiene
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Occupational Commitment ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Sample Group ◽  
Nursing Experience

The objective of this study was to determine whether empathy and occupational commitment significantly contribute to the emotional exhaustion of nurses. The sample group was 158 nurses from two regional Lithuanian hospitals, who completed self-report measures. A questionnaire consisted of 10 items reflecting empathy appearing on Davis (1983) Indi- vidual Reactivity Index, 4 occupational commitment items from Miller et al. (1988), and 7 emotional exhaustion items from the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach, Jackson, 1981). Correlation analyses and structural equation modeling were employed to interpret the results. The results showed that nurses’ occupational commitment plays an important role in the degree of emotional exhaustion they experience. Nurses having more empathy are more likely to develop higher occupational commitment. In addition, it was found that higher levels of empathy and occupational commitment of nurses are associated with lower emotional exhaustion. Nurses who stayed in the profession longer developed stronger occupational commitment. Therefore, the conclusion was made that differences in emotional exhaustion among nurses may be explained directly by occupational commitment and indirectly by empathy and nursing experience.

scholarly journals Nonsuicidal self-injury and identity formation in Indian clinical and nonclinical samples: A comparative study

2020 ◽  
pp. 002076402094361
Author(s):  
Amarendra Gandhi ◽  
Koen Luyckx ◽  
Alka Adhikari ◽  
Dhruv Parmar ◽  
Avinash De Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mental Health Issue ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Background: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is being increasingly identified as an important emerging mental health issue in the West. Yet, NSSI has not been adequately studied in clinical and nonclinical contexts in countries like India. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare different features of NSSI between clinical and nonclinical samples in India. We also explored if the strength of the association between NSSI and disturbances in identity formation – a risk factor that can increase vulnerability to NSSI – was similar in the two samples mentioned above. Method: For the clinical sample, data regarding NSSI and identity formation were collected from 100 psychiatric patients (47.0% females, mean age = 34.76 years, SD = 12.76, 17–70 years) from an outpatient/inpatient psychiatric department of a large tertiary hospital in Mumbai, India. Nonclinical data were collected from 120 young adults studying in a medical college in Mumbai, India (51.7% females, mean age = 19.7 years, SD = 2.16, 17–28 years). Information regarding NSSI and identity were collected using self-report questionnaires. Results: Lifetime prevalence of NSSI in the clinical and nonclinical samples was found to be around 17% and 21%, respectively. Although the prevalence of NSSI did not significantly differ between the two samples, some features of NSSI did differ between the two groups. Finally, multigroup Bayesian structural equation modeling indicated that irrespective of the type of the sample (i.e. clinical or nonclinical), consolidated and disturbed identity significantly (negative and positive, respectively) predicted lifetime NSSI. Additionally, the association between the aforementioned identity variables and NSSI did not significantly differ between the two samples. Conclusion: The findings of these studies highlight the need for exploring issues related to identity formation in individuals who engage in NSSI irrespective of whether they suffer from a psychiatric disorder or not.

scholarly journals LEARNING ENVIRONMENT, STUDENTS’ BELIEFS, AND SELF-REGULATION IN LEARNING PHYSICS: STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maison Maison ◽  
Syahrial ◽  
Syamsurizal ◽  
Tanti
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Public High Schools ◽  
Affective Component ◽  
Research Areas

Studies of correlations between students’ beliefs and various aspects of student learning become one of the fastest growing research areas in the field of education and psychology. The aim of the current research was to analyze the correlations between learning environments, students' beliefs, and self-regulation in learning physics through structural equation modeling (SEM). There were 1010 students from the existing five public high schools in Jambi city, Indonesia, participating in the research. Three self-report questionnaires including (1) WIHIC, (2) CLASS, and (3) MSLQ were used to collect the research data. The data analysis showed that students’ beliefs were significantly and positively correlated with multiple dimension of self-regulation in learning physics (critical thinking and peer learning); while the dimension of sense-making and problem-solving ability significantly related to the affective component of self-regulation (test anxiety). However, the dimension of students’ beliefs did not have any significant effect on all of the self-regulation components. Additionally, learning environment dimensions were significantly related to students’ beliefs about physics on the dimension of conceptual connection and related to all of the self-regulation dimensions. Keywords: learning environment, self-regulation, students' beliefs, structural equation modeling.

scholarly journals Structural equation modeling of the associations between amygdala activation, personality, and internalizing, externalizing symptoms of psychopathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S. Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Amygdala Activation ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Personality Psychopathology

Abstract There is an expanding literature on the theoretical and empirical connections between personality and psychopathology, and their shared neurobiological correlates. Recent cybernetic theories of personality and psychopathology, as well as affective neuroscience theory, provide grounding for understanding neurobiological–personality–psychopathology (NPP) associations. With the emergence of large sample datasets (e.g., Human Connectome Project) advanced quantitative modeling can be used to rigorously test dynamic statistical representations of NPP connections. Also, research suggests that these connections are influenced by sex, and large samples provide the opportunity to examine how NPP associations might be moderated by sex. The current study used a large sample from the Duke Neurogenetics Study (DNS) to examine how amygdala activation to facial expressions was linked with self-report of personality traits and clinical interviews of internalizing and externalizing symptoms of psychopathology. Structural equation modeling results revealed direct associations of amygdala activation with personality trait expression, as well as indirect associations (though personality) with symptoms of psychopathology. Moreover, the NPP links were moderated by sex. The current results are in line with research that identifies a broader role played by the amygdala in personality and provide potential insights for continued research in personality neuroscience and recent theories on the neurobiology of personality.

Determinants of Children’s Self-Esteem: An Examination of Perceived Competence and Affect in Sport

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki Ebbeck ◽  
Maureen R. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Modeling Techniques

The present study examined perceived sport competence and affect experienced in sport as possible determinants of children’s levels of self-esteem. The sample consisted of 183 summer sport program participants ranging in age from 8 to 13 years. The children completed self-report questionnaires that assessed the constructs of interest. Hypothesized relationships among the constructs were then examined using structural equation modeling techniques. The results revealed that both structural models tested provided an adequate fit with the sample data. For the affect mediator model, perceived competence significantly influenced positive affect and to a lesser degree negative affect, while only positive affect influenced self-esteem. For the perceived competence mediator model, only positive affect significantly influenced perceived competence, which in turn significantly influenced self-esteem. Thus, higher scores on perceived competence and positive affect were associated with higher scores in children’s self-esteem.

scholarly journals More Than Morningness: The Effect of Circadian Rhythm Amplitude and Stability on Resilience, Coping, and Sleep Duration

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Di Milia ◽  
Simon Folkard
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Weak Link ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Categorical Variable ◽  
Scale Reliability ◽  
Low Amplitude

Self-report tools that measure circadian rhythms have focused primarily on phase. We add to the sparse literature on assessing amplitude and stability. We randomly recruited 1,163 participants who completed several measures. The correlation between the LV scale (amplitude) and FR scale (stability) was −0.12 (p < 0.01). As expected, amplitude was negatively associated with phase (r = −0.64, p < 0.01) while stability showed a weak link with phase (r = 0.07, p < 0.05). Structural equation modeling suggested a close model-fit of the factor structure in the sample (RMSEA = 0.033). The LV scale explained 22% of the variance, while the FR scale explained 23%. Scale reliability was satisfactory for the LV scale (0.68) and good for the FR scale (0.73). Participants with low amplitude or flexible rhythms reported significantly better resilience, coping, and required less daily sleep. We constructed a composite circadian categorical variable to combine the best attributes from the LV and FR scales; participants with both low amplitude and flexible rhythms, reported significantly better resilience, coping, and less sleep need. We found rhythm amplitude decreased with age, while stability remained constant.

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