The Alleged ‘Letter Allegedly from Us’: The Parallel Function of ὡς δι’ ἡμῶν in 2 Thessalonians 2.2

2021 ◽  
pp. 0142064X2110493
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Brookins
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Implied Author ◽  
Consensus View

The nearly unanimous consensus of modern scholarship is that 2 Thess. 2.2 refers to a letter either written or alleged to have been written by Paul, as captured in the most common rendering of the text, ‘a letter allegedly from/by us’. The thesis of this article is that the relevant phrase, ὡς δι’ ἡμῶν, does not serve to qualify ‘letter’ or the other two substantives that precede (‘a spirit’, ‘a word’), but that it identifies Paul (the implied author) as a medium of information alternative to the other three media, thus posing a contrast between teaching conveyed through Paul and teaching conveyed through not-Paul, in a manner analogous to Gal. 1.8. In addition to the greater probability of this interpretation grammatically, this interpretation is offered as resolving further difficulties concerning 1 Thess. 2.2, as well as its relationship to 2.15. Evidence is also offered that the consensus view does not find unanimous support among ancient interpreters.

scholarly journals The Double Entendre of Sex: Pornographies of Body and Society in Péter Esterházy’s Fiction

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 255-267
Author(s):  
Enikő Bollobás
Keyword(s):  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Rhetorical Criticism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Implied Author ◽  
Central European ◽  
Postmodern Fiction ◽  
Power Game ◽  
The One

Informed by feminist theory on the one hand and thematic and rhetorical criticism on the other, this article examines the components of discourse in two books by Péter Esterházy that share an emphatic attention to sexuality. The author interprets Esterházy’s discourse of sex as grounded in the figure of the double entendre, with a different function in each work. In Kis magyar pornográfia [‘A Little Hungarian Pornography’], vulgar corporeality and communist politics are shown as commensurate; both have a double meaning, with sex and politics referring both to themselves and to each other. In using one discourse as a cover for another, Esterházy continues the Central European Witz [‘joke’] tradition, giving a particular twist to it by making the transference of meaning two-directional, thereby assigning double meanings to sex and politics alike. In Egy nő [‘She Loves Me’], Esterházy attaches a double meaning to sex in a different manner; here sex is not a cover for something else but is shown to be reduced to itself, with a double meaning attached to its internal power relations. Sex is presented as a power game, in which man is repulsed by women yet is hopelessly attracted to them. Moreover, sex acts as the only tellable story taking the place of the untellable story of love. In this piece of postmodern fiction, the multiple perspectives bring about an interpretational uncertainty on the part of the reader as to whether sexist discourse is legitimized or subverted, and whether this legitimization and/or subversion is carried out by the narrator and/or by the implied author.

The “unnatural” French novel of today: Éric Chevillard’s L’Auteur et moi

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41
Author(s):  
Eva S. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Postmodern Literature ◽  
Implied Author ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
French Novel ◽  
The One

AbstractChevillard’s novel L’Auteur et moi (2012) touches on a problem which is paradigmatic for contemporary French prose (and perhaps “postmodern” literature in general), namely the problem of literary authenticity. Are the “unnatural” dimensions of this novel – especially its persistent irony, its playful rejection of generic norms and its attacks on the interpretative authority of its readers – playful but futile devices which lack any authentic narrative concern? Or do they represent a topical and authentic answer to the challenges of an “exhausted” genre? The present paper elaborates on this question by analysing, on the one hand, the “unnatural” (and simultaneously highly comical) devices of the novel in detail. This analysis is centred, firstly, on Chevillard’s multifaceted parody on the conventions of both narrative and non-narrative (argumentative, lyrical, scientific) discourse and, secondly, on the ways in which the novel provokes and challenges professional readers – both by the subversive use of literary-theoretical categories (author; narrator; implied author) and by the anticipation and depreciation of its own hermeneutic reception. On the other hand, this paper interprets Chevillard’s novel as the expression of an authentic literary effort which manifests itself not in the narrative contents, but in the novel’s “unnatural” composition, which offers three exits from the generic impasse with which the present-day French novel struggles.

SEEING DEMONS: AUTOPSY IN MAXIMUS OF TYRE'SORATION9 AND ITS ABSENCE IN APULEIUS’ON THE GOD OF SOCRATES

Ramus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey C. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Second Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Consensus View ◽  
Maximus Of Tyre

Apuleius’On the God of Socrates(De Deo Socratis), a lecture on Platonic demonology and Socrates’daimonionthat dates to the second half of the second century CE, is a critical work in the assessment of Apuleius’ Platonism, but it also should play a larger role in our reconstruction of his public image than it has. This popular philosophical lecture focuses on the same theme as two Greek works from roughly the same time period: Plutarch's dialogueOn the Daimonion of Socrates(περὶ τοῦ Σωϰράτους δαιμονίου) and Maximus of Tyre'sOrations8-9 (Διαλέξεις). Discussion ofOn the God of Socrateshas centered on its relationship with these other texts, with the aim of comparing Apuleius’ argument aboutdaimoneswith Plutarch's and Maximus’. The consensus view is that Plutarch's treatment of demonology has little in common with Apuleius’ (I present further evidence supporting the consensus near the end of this essay). On the other hand, many scholars assert Apuleius’ closest Greek model is Maximus of Tyre, a sophist with a Platonic orientation who wrote forty-one brief lectures on ethics and other philosophical subjects in the second century CE.

scholarly journals What Good is Meaning in Life?

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Woodard
Keyword(s):  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Value ◽  
Theory Of Meaning ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Consensus View ◽  
Distinct Kind

Most philosophers writing on meaning in life agree that it is a distinct kind of final value. This consensus view has two components: the ‘final value claim’ that meaning in life is a kind of final value, and the ‘distinctness claim’ that it is distinct from all other kinds of final value. This paper discusses some difficulties in vindicating both claims at once. One way to underscore the distinctness of meaning, for example, is to retain a feature of our pre-theoretical concept of meaning in life, according to which the least possible quantity of meaning is meaninglessness. Unfortunately, this makes it harder to defend the claim that meaning is a kind of final value. On the other hand, revising the concept to allow for negative meaning renders meaning closer in structure to other kinds of final value, but also makes it harder to defend the distinctness claim. In light of these difficulties, the paper explores the prospects of a theory of meaning in life which departs from the consensus view by rejecting the final value claim. On such a view, the value of meaning in life is entirely instrumental.

scholarly journals ‘Shakespeare in the bush’ and encountering the other in the hermeneutical dialectic of belonging and distanciation

1994 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Waetjen
Keyword(s):  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Implied Reader ◽  
Implied Author ◽  
The World ◽  
Linguistic Code ◽  
Speech Performance

‘Shakespeare in the Bush’ is an account of an anthropologist’s hermeneutical experience among the Tiv people of Nigeria that serves as an illustration o f a hermeneutical circle which results in transforming the otherness of a text into the sameness of the prejudices artd traditions projected by the preunderstanding in order to understand. This essay poses the hermeneutical objective of validity in interpretation by advocating an encounter with the otherness of the text that is orientated to the speech performance of the author, as it is conveyed by the textual structures of the implied author and the implied reader. Heidegger’s artd Gadamer’s ontological condition of being-in-the-world and its projection of understanding are acknowledged as the only legitimate point o f departure for interpretation. If alienating distanciation is to be evoked by an ‘effective historical consciousness’, a text must be read with the ‘irony of interpretation’ that interacts with it, the text, as both a speech performance (parole) and a linguistic code (langue).

A narratological approach to literary journalism: how an interplay between voice and point of view may create empathy with the Other

Tekstualia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (47) ◽  
pp. 5-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Aare
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Literary Journalism ◽  
Implied Author ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Classical Narratology ◽  
Narrative Techniques ◽  
The One

The aim of this article is to present a model for analyzing the interplay between voice and point of view in literary journalism/reportage. The model can be used to nuance previous researchers’ discussions about „subjective” and „objective” journalism. It also problematizes the reporter’s special role as an eyewitness by highlighting how narrative techniques can create empathy with the Other and move the reader’s gaze away from the reporter, away from the one who is witnessing. Using tools from classical narratology, I focus on the form of the texts. The tools help me investigate the narrator’s as well as the characters’ subjectivity and interpret the narrative’s construction as an expression of a journalistic mission. I systematize variables such as the narrator’s visibility, the relation between an experiencing reporter and a narrating reporter, the interplay between the experiencing reporter and other characters in the text, and in what way a level with a director (an implied author) can facilitate a comparison between various kinds of literary journalism. I also examine whether it might be time to abandon the theory that a fi rst-person reportage is more subjective in general than a third-person reportage. I explore whether it is instead the narrator’s visibility that determines the position of the text on a scale between „subjective” and „objective” forms.

Stromatoporoids from the Famennian (Devonian) Wabamun Formation, Normandville oilfield, north–central Alberta, Canada

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (03) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin W. Stearn
Keyword(s):  
Patch Reef ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Central ◽  
Biotic Crisis

Stromatoporoids are the principal framebuilding organisms in the patch reef that is part of the reservoir of the Normandville field. The reef is 10 m thick and 1.5 km2in area and demonstrates that stromatoporoids retained their ability to build reefal edifices into Famennian time despite the biotic crisis at the close of Frasnian time. The fauna is dominated by labechiids but includes three non-labechiid species. The most abundant species isStylostroma sinense(Dong) butLabechia palliseriStearn is also common. Both these species are highly variable and are described in terms of multiple phases that occur in a single skeleton. The other species described areClathrostromacf.C. jukkenseYavorsky,Gerronostromasp. (a columnar species), andStromatoporasp. The fauna belongs in Famennian/Strunian assemblage 2 as defined by Stearn et al. (1988).

D. The Line Spectrum of Pulsating Variable Stars

1967 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 207-244
Author(s):  
R. P. Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Variable Stars ◽  
The Other ◽  
Line Spectrum ◽  
Afternoon Session ◽  
Empirical Information ◽  
Pulsating Variable Stars ◽  
Almost Continuous ◽  
Informal Approach

(Ed. note:Encouraged by the success of the more informal approach in Christy's presentation, we tried an even more extreme experiment in this session, I-D. In essence, Kraft held the floor continuously all morning, and for the hour and a half afternoon session, serving as a combined Summary-Introductory speaker and a marathon-moderator of a running discussion on the line spectrum of cepheids. There was almost continuous interruption of his presentation; and most points raised from the floor were followed through in detail, no matter how digressive to the main presentation. This approach turned out to be much too extreme. It is wearing on the speaker, and the other members of the symposium feel more like an audience and less like participants in a dissective discussion. Because Kraft presented a compendious collection of empirical information, and, based on it, an exceedingly novel series of suggestions on the cepheid problem, these defects were probably aggravated by the first and alleviated by the second. I am much indebted to Kraft for working with me on a preliminary editing, to try to delete the side-excursions and to retain coherence about the main points. As usual, however, all responsibility for defects in final editing is wholly my own.)

C. The Continuous Spectrum of Pulsating Variable Stars

1967 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 177-206
Author(s):  
J. B. Oke ◽  
C. A. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Spectrum ◽  
Variable Stars ◽  
Velocity Fields ◽  
The Other ◽  
Line Spectrum ◽  
Direct Information ◽  
Thermodynamic Structure ◽  
Diagnostic Interpretation ◽  
Pulsating Variable Stars ◽  
The Continuum

Pecker:The topic to be considered today is the continuous spectrum of certain stars, whose variability we attribute to a pulsation of some part of their structure. Obviously, this continuous spectrum provides a test of the pulsation theory to the extent that the continuum is completely and accurately observed and that we can analyse it to infer the structure of the star producing it. The continuum is one of the two possible spectral observations; the other is the line spectrum. It is obvious that from studies of the continuum alone, we obtain no direct information on the velocity fields in the star. We obtain information only on the thermodynamic structure of the photospheric layers of these stars–the photospheric layers being defined as those from which the observed continuum directly arises. So the problems arising in a study of the continuum are of two general kinds: completeness of observation, and adequacy of diagnostic interpretation. I will make a few comments on these, then turn the meeting over to Oke and Whitney.

Observing programme for the 24-inch/36-inch Schmidt telescope

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Schmidt Telescope ◽  
Flint Glass

A new 24-inch/36-inch//3 Schmidt telescope, made by C. Zeiss, Jena, has been installed since 30 August 1962, at the N. Copernicus University Observatory in Toruń. It is equipped with two objective prisms, used separately, one of crown the other of flint glass, each of 5° refracting angle, giving dispersions of 560Å/mm and 250Å/ mm respectively.

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