Effects of indoor water sounds on intrusive noise perception and speech recognition in rooms

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonyoung Yang ◽  
Hyeun Jun Moon
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Impact Noise ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Different Types

While water sounds have been used for soundscape improvement, little is known about their applicability in indoor environments. In order to investigate the effects of indoor water sounds on noise perception, a simple indoor water fountain system was used to produce water sounds over three different types of indoor intrusive noise (traffic noise, higher frequency dominated noise of a chair scraping the floor above, lower frequency dominated impact noise of a man running on the floor above) and speech in a test laboratory. Intrusive noise perception (annoyance and pleasantness) and speech recognition (KS-MWL-A) were assessed with three water sound levels (40, 50, 60 dBA) at two exposure times (immediate and 50 min) of water sounds by 54 participants. Short-term exposure to indoor water sounds improved the pleasantness of intrusive noise without increasing annoyance except lower frequency dominated impact noise. The increase in exposure time to indoor water sounds did not affect intrusive noise perception and speech recognition. The water to noise ratio significantly affected annoyance and pleasantness of traffic noise only; however, the level of water sounds did not significantly affect intrusive noise perception. Indoor water sounds can be used to improve intrusive noise perception except lower frequency dominated floor impact noise with no adverse effects on speech recognition dependent upon the speech to water sound ratio. Practical application: This simple indoor water fountain can be directly applied to small offices or rooms to improve intrusive noise perception. When the simple fountain produces water sounds in a room, pleasantness of traffic noise throughout window openings or higher frequency dominated noise such as chair scraping noise can be improved without increment of annoyance and decrement of speech recognition. Short-term exposure to indoor water sounds is effective to increase pleasantness of the intrusive noises.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Short-Term Exposure to an Indoor Environment and Dry Eye (DE) Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Idarraga ◽  
Juan S. Guerrero ◽  
Samantha G. Mosle ◽  
Frank Miralles ◽  
Anat Galor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Air composition influences Dry Eye (DE) symptoms as demonstrated by studies that have linked the outdoor environment to DE. However, there is insufficient data on the effect of short-term exposure to indoor environments on DE symptoms. We conducted a prospective experimental research, in which an older building served as an experimental site, and a newer building served as the control site. Indoor air quality was monitored in both buildings. One-hundred-and-ninety-four randomly selected individuals were interviewed in the afternoon exiting the buildings and de-identified responses were recorded. Self-reported DE symptoms were modeled with respect to experimental and control buildings, adjusting for potential confounders. The experimental site had 2-fold higher concentration of airborne particulate matter (24,436 vs. 12,213 ≥ 0.5 µm/ft3) and microbial colonies (1066 vs. 400/m3), as compared to the control building. DE symptoms were reported by 37.5% of individuals exiting the experimental and 28.4% exiting the control building. In the univariate analysis, subjects exiting the experimental building were 2.21× more likely to report worsening of DE symptoms since morning compared to the control building (p < 0.05). When adjusting for confounders, including a history of eye allergy, subjects from the experimental building were 13.3× more likely to report worsening of their DE symptoms (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that short-term exposure to adverse indoor environmental conditions, specifically air pollution and bioaerosols, has an acutely negative impact on DE symptoms.

scholarly journals ANNUAL ASSESSMENT OF HIGHWAY TRAFFIC NOISE USING TWO CHANNEL SHORT-TERM MEASUREMENTS

Transport ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandras Jagniatinskis ◽  
Boris Fiks ◽  
Delia Dimitriu
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Sound Propagation ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Noise Abatement ◽  
Sound Levels

Research has shown that for residential area nearby (up to 50 m) exurbia roads, there are cases where the evaluation of noise impact needs more than using the calculation methods alone. Thus, in order to confirm (or not) the implementation of designed measures for noise abatement procedures in these areas, some direct acoustical measurements of traffic flow are required. The present paper deals with the development of new approach to the methodology that allows truly estimate the annual Lden value using the one short-term (till 1 h) time interval measurement. The method is based on the original extrapolation procedure that allows to adapt results obtained in representative shortterm time interval to the annual average rating time periods of day (12 h), evening (4 h) and night (8 h), for which the Lden value is assessed. The procedure is based on the statistical processing of Sound Exposure Levels (SEL) distribution histogram of all vehicles passing by and registered on the reference microphone. The sound propagation correction is evaluated by applying simultaneous measured sound levels registration on two microphones, placed in reference point and in receiver point, considering living environment. This method allows to extend results of extrapolation obtained in the reference point into desired environment point, where such extrapolation to the annual noise levels can not be done.

The Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on In Vitro Platelet Function

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Schiffer ◽  
Caroline L. Whitaker ◽  
Morton Schmukler ◽  
Joseph Aisner ◽  
Steven L. Hilbert
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Structural Abnormalities

SummaryAlthough dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been used extensively as a cryopreservative for platelets there are few studies dealing with the effect of DMSO on platelet function. Using techniques similar to those employed in platelet cryopreservation platelets were incubated with final concentrations of 2-10% DMSO at 25° C. After exposure to 5 and 10% DMSO platelets remained discoid and electron micrographs revealed no structural abnormalities. There was no significant change in platelet count. In terms of injury to platelet membranes, there was no increased availability of platelet factor-3 or leakage of nucleotides, 5 hydroxytryptamine (5HT) or glycosidases with final DMSO concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 10% DMSO. Thrombin stimulated nucleotide and 5HT release was reduced by 10% DMSO. Impairment of thrombin induced glycosidase release was noted at lower DMSO concentrations and was dose related. Similarly, aggregation to ADP was progressively impaired at DMSO concentrations from 1-5% and was dose related. After the platelets exposed to DMSO were washed, however, aggregation and release returned to control values. Platelet aggregation by epinephrine was also inhibited by DMSO and this could not be corrected by washing the platelets. DMSO-plasma solutions are hypertonic but only minimal increases in platelet volume (at 10% DMSO) could be detected. Shrinkage of platelets was seen with hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride or sucrose suggesting that the rapid transmembrane passage of DMSO prevented significant shifts of water. These studies demonstrate that there are minimal irreversible alterations in in vitro platelet function after short-term exposure to DMSO.

Road Traffic Noise Levels at Different Types of Residential Areas in Nibong Tebal, Penang

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herni Halim ◽  
◽  
Nur Fatin Najiyah Hamid ◽  
Mohamad Firdaus Mahamad Yusob ◽  
Nur Atiqah Mohamad Nor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Different Types

Comprehensive Effects of Short-Term Rental Platforms Across Hotel Types in U.S. and International Destinations

2021 ◽  
pp. 193896552110335
Author(s):  
John W. O’Neill ◽  
Jihwan Yeon
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Competitive Market ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hotel Performance ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Location Type ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, short-term rental platforms in the lodging sector, including Airbnb, VRBO, and HomeAway, have received extensive attention and emerged as potentially alternative suppliers of services traditionally provided by established commercial accommodation providers, that is, hotels. Short-term rentals have dramatically increased the available supply of rooms for visitors to multiple international destinations, potentially siphoning demand away from hotels to short-term rental businesses. In a competitive market, an increase in supply with constant demand would negatively influence incumbent service providers. In this article, we examine the substitution effects of short-term rental supply on hotel performance in different cities around the world. Specifically, we comprehensively investigate the substitution effects of short-term rental supply on hotel performance based on hotel class, location type, and region. Furthermore, we segment the short-term rental supply based on its types of accommodations, that is, shared rooms, private rooms, and entire homes, and both examine and quantify the differential effects of these types of short-term rentals on different types of hotels. This study offers a comprehensive analysis regarding the impact of multiple short-term rental platforms on hotel performance and offers both conceptual and practical insights regarding the nature and extent of the effects that were identified.

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