I Should Have Known Better: Development of a Self-Report Measure of Gullibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-423
Author(s):  
Alessandra K. Teunisse ◽  
Trevor I. Case ◽  
Julie Fitness ◽  
Naomi Sweller
Keyword(s):  
Social Intelligence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Large Pool ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Item Scale ◽  
Report Measure

The aim of this research was to explore the predictors of gullibility and to develop a self-report measure of the construct. In Studies 1 to 3, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on a large pool of items resulting in a 12-item scale with two factors: Persuadability and Insensitivity to cues of untrustworthiness. Study 4 confirmed the criterion validity of the scale using two distinct samples: scam victims and members of the Skeptics Society. Study 5 demonstrated positive relationships between gullibility and the self-reported persuasiveness of, and likelihood of responding to, unsolicited emails. Throughout the article, analyses of a variety of measures expected to converge with the scale provided evidence for its construct validity. Overall, these studies demonstrate that the construct of gullibility is distinct from trust, negatively related to social intelligence, and that the Gullibility Scale is a reliable and valid measure of gullibility.

Assessing Self-Efficacy in Presentation and Moderation Skills

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Ringeisen ◽  
Sonja Rohrmann ◽  
Anika Bürgermeister ◽  
Ana N. Tibubos
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Constructed Self ◽  
University Course ◽  
Correlated Factors ◽  
Report Measure

Abstract. By means of two studies, a self-report measure to assess self-efficacy in presentation and moderation skills, the SEPM scales, was validated. In study 1, factorial and construct validity were examined. A sample of 744 university students (41% females; more than 50% between 20 and 25 years) completed newly constructed self-efficacy items. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) substantiated two positively correlated factors, presentation (SEPM-P) and moderation self-efficacy (SEPM-M). Each factor consists of eight items. The correlation patterns between the two SEPM subscales and related constructs such as extraversion, the preference for cooperative learning, and conflict management indicated adequate construct validity. In study 2, criterion validity was determined by means of latent change modeling. One hundred sixty students ( Mage = 24.40, SD = 4.04; 61% females) took part in a university course to foster key competences and completed the SEPM scales at the beginning and the end of the semester. Presentation and moderation self-efficacy increased significantly over time of which the latter was positively associated with the performance in a practical moderation exam. Across both studies, reliability of the scales was high, ranging from McDonald’s ω .80 to .88.

Clinical Perfectionism, Dissatisfaction With Standards, and Raising the Bar: Validation of the Response to Goal Achievement Scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-262
Author(s):  
Kirstyn L. Krause ◽  
Kathleen E. Stewart ◽  
Stephanie E. Cassin ◽  
Martin M. Antony
Keyword(s):  
Goal Achievement ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors

Objectives: To examine the factor structure and psychometrics of a new self-report scale measuring cognitive and behavioral reactions to goal achievement (Reactions to Goal Achievement Scale; RGAS), and to examine its relationship to other measures of clinical perfectionism in two samples. Self-reported reasons for setting higher standards following successful goal achievement were also examined. Methods: The RGAS, Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ) and Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) were administered to a sample on Amazon Mechanical Turk (N = 264) and to a sample of overweight individuals (N = 65). Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggested two factors, entitled dissatisfaction with success (DS) and increase in standards (IS). The RGAS was associated with subscales of the CPQ and FMPS. In addition, participants indicated many reasons for setting higher standards following success. Conclusion: The RGAS is a new instrument for measuring both cognitive and behavioral responses to success in clinical perfectionism. Setting higher standards may not be an indication of perfectionism, as there appear to be many reasons people set higher standards.

A Global Self-Report Measure of Person-Job Fit

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Brkich ◽  
Danielle Jeffs ◽  
Sally A. Carless
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Job Fit ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Job Requirements ◽  
Call Centres ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Report Measure

Summary: This study reports the development of a short, global measure of person-job fit (P-J fit). The P-J Fit scale provides an assessment of the degree to which an individual's knowledge, skills, abilities, needs and values match job requirements. After a pilot study, the scale was tested with two samples: Sample 1 consisted of 308 professionals from three occupational groups and Sample 2 consisted of 174 adults working in call centres and related administrative areas. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the nine items assess a single, global construct of P-J fit. Construct and criterion-related validity were demonstrated by correlating the scale with empowerment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

scholarly journals Development of Honor System Justification Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
System Justification ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hostile Sexism ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
System Justification Theory ◽  
Attitudes Toward Violence ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Honor System ◽  
Gender System ◽  
Report Measure

The purpose of the present study was to develop, from the perspective of system justification theory (Jost & Banaji, 1994), an honor system justification (HSJ) scale aimed at evaluating individuals’ tendency to justify the honor system in the society. Initially, a 28-item pool was generated based on honor literature and the phrases expressed in the reports and news. An adult sample consisting of 433 participants (275 women, 158 men; Mage = 31.77, SDage = 7.61) was employed in the study. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggested a one-factor 10-item solution, explaining 52.34% of the variance. Factor loadings ranged from .67 to .79 and item-total correlations ranged between .58 and .72. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for HSJ scale was .90. The significant correlation of HSJ with other honor-related variables (honor endorsement, attitudes toward violence against women for protecting honor) as well as other system justification ideologies (gender system justification, benevolent and hostile sexism) demonstrates the scale’s validity. In conclusion, the results of the psychometric analyses showed that HSJ is a reliable and valid self-report measure that can be used in honor-related research. Keywords System justification, honor, gender, scale development

scholarly journals Not All Risks Are Equal: The Risk Taking Inventory for High-Risk Sports

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Woodman ◽  
Matt Barlow ◽  
Comille Bandura ◽  
Miles Hill ◽  
Dominika Kupciw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Population Attitudes

Although high-risk sport participants are typically considered a homogenous risk-taking population, attitudes to risk within the high-risk domain can vary considerably. As no validated measure allows researchers to assess risk taking within this domain, we validated the Risk Taking Inventory (RTI) for high-risk sport across four studies. The RTI comprises seven items across two factors: deliberate risk taking and precautionary behaviors. In Study 1 (n = 341), the inventory was refined and tested via a confirmatory factor analysis used in an exploratory fashion. The subsequent three studies confirmed the RTI’s good model–data fit via three further separate confirmatory factor analyses. In Study 2 (n = 518) and in Study 3 (n = 290), concurrent validity was also confirmed via associations with other related traits (sensation seeking, behavioral activation, behavioral inhibition, impulsivity, self-esteem, extraversion, and conscientiousness). In Study 4 (n = 365), predictive validity was confirmed via associations with mean accidents and mean close calls in the high-risk domain. Finally, in Study 4, the self-report version of the inventory was significantly associated with an informant version of the inventory. The measure will allow researchers and practitioners to investigate risk taking as a variable that is conceptually distinct from participation in a high-risk sport.

scholarly journals The Discrepancies Between Individual-Set and Parent-Set Career Goals Scale: Development and Initial Validation

2020 ◽  
pp. 089484532090179
Author(s):  
Dian R. Sawitri ◽  
Peter A. Creed ◽  
Mirwan S. Perdhana
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Career Goals ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
First Year ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Initial Validation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Item Scale

As there was no existing, psychometrically sound scale that directly assessed the discrepancies that young people experience between individual-set career goals and parent-set career goals, we developed and provided initial validation for a 15-item scale for use with young adults. In Study 1, items were developed, reviewed by experts, and administered to a sample of first year, undergraduate Indonesian students ( N = 426, M age = 18.42 years). We used exploratory factor analysis to reduce the number of items and assess the factor structure and used confirmatory factor analyses on a holdout sample to assess this underlying structure. We then provided evidence for construct validity. Recommendations for use in research and practice are discussed.

Development and Validation of the Romantic Love Myths Questionnaire

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051989295
Author(s):  
Laura Lara ◽  
Verónica Gómez-Urrutia
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Structure Reliability ◽  
Initial Questionnaire ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Adequate Internal Consistency

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an instrument to measure love myths among Chilean youth. Items created based on review of available literature were refined through experts’ revisions and participant focus groups. The initial questionnaire was applied to 1,538 high school and university students, aged between 14 and 24 years old. Exploratory factor analysis performed with half of the sample led to a 10-item questionnaire, grouped in two factors: idealization and love–abuse. Confirmatory factor analyses conducted with the other half of the sample corroborated this factorial structure. Reliability analyses indicated an adequate internal consistency, and correlations with dating violence and quality of relationship provide evidence on its concurrent validity. Complementary, results showed that females endorse more idealization and males love–abuse, and adolescents scored higher in both dimensions than emerging adults.

Confirmatory Factor Analyses of the Portuguese Version of the Maudsley Obsessional-compulsive Inventory

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S80-S81
Author(s):  
J. Silva Ribeiro ◽  
A.T. Pereira ◽  
M.J. Martins ◽  
V. Nogueira ◽  
M.J. Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Education ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Portuguese Version ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

IntroductionThe Maudsley obsessional-compulsive inventory (MOCI) is a widely used self-report measure of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in clinical and non-clinical populations, both in research and clinical settings. Nogueira et al. confirmed in 2011 that the MOCI Portuguese version has good psychometric properties, having a factorial structure that is in accordance with those reported by other groups.AimsBased on the previous results of exploratory factor analysis with a Portuguese students sample, the present study aimed to perform a confirmatory factor analyses (using Mplus software) to verify if the three dimensions’ structure fitted the data.MethodsThe sample comprised 234 students on their first three years of college education (78.2% female), between 18–26 years old (M = 20.55; SD = 1.66). Participants filled the Portuguese version of the MOCI.ResultsOur results showed that the MOCI Portuguese version with original 3-factor structure has a good fit (χ2(227) = 386.987, P < .05; RMSEA = 0.053, 90%CI = 0.044–0.062; CFI = 0.928; TLI = 0.920; WRMR = 1.089). Good reliability was found for all subscales (Cronbach alpha < .80).ConclusionsThe MOCI Portuguese version reliably and validly assesses three OC symptom dimensions in young adults. Further research is needed to confirm this structure in Portuguese clinical samples.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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