Advancing Theory by Assessing Boundary Conditions With Metaregression: A Critical Review and Best-Practice Recommendations

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 2246-2273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Gonzalez-Mulé ◽  
Herman Aguinis
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Applied Psychology ◽  
Management Journal ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Practice Recommendations ◽  
Methodological Research ◽  
Personnel Psychology

Understanding boundary conditions, or situations when relations between variables change depending on values of other variables, is critical for theory advancement and for providing guidance for practice. Metaregression is ideally suited to investigate boundary conditions because it provides information on the presence and strength of such conditions. In spite of its potential, results of our review of 63 metaregression articles published in the Journal of Management, Journal of Applied Psychology, Personnel Psychology, Journal of Management, Academy of Management Journal, and Strategic Management Journal uncovered a surprising lack of transparency, frequently implemented erroneous practices, and a lack of attention to important methodological choices. Results also suggest that many substantive conclusions are ambiguous at best and, unbeknownst to authors and readers, potentially misleading. Drawing from our review of the substantive literature as well as the latest statistical and methodological research, we offer evidence-based best-practice recommendations on how to conduct and report the results of a metaregression study. We offer recommendations on calculating statistical power and heterogeneity, choosing an appropriate model, testing boundary condition hypotheses, adjusting R2 for known variance, explaining methodological choices, and reporting and interpreting model coefficients and other results. Also, we conducted two illustrative metaregression studies that incorporate all of our recommendations with accompanying syntax and data. Our recommendations can be used by authors, readers, journal editors, and reviewers wishing to conduct and evaluate metaregression studies, as well as practitioners interested in understanding conditions under which organizational practices are more or less likely to be effective.

Using behavioural science to explore patient perceptions

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-485
Author(s):  
Andria Hanbury ◽  
Hannah Wood
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Behavioural Science ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practice Recommendations ◽  
Swallowing Difficulties

Purpose This paper aims to develop a behavioural science informed communication strategy aimed at health professionals and patients promoting best practice recommendations regarding the use of specialist liquid medicines for elderly people with swallowing difficulties. Design/methodology/approach The medicine prescribing, formulation and administration related challenges and experiences of health professionals and elderly patients with swallowing difficulties were identified through a pragmatic literature search. Key findings across the papers were synthesised into themes, before being linked to domains from a behavioural science framework. Published recommendations for behaviour change techniques that can be used to target the domains were then mapped to the domains. Guidance on how to develop a communication strategy, drawing on the insight gained from the literature review and the behavioural science recommendations, and designed to stimulate change in health-care professionals’ and patients’ behaviours, was then developed. Findings In total, 13 themes emerged across 15 papers, including “patient and health professional roles and remits”. These themes were linked to nine domains from the framework, highlighting the range of individual, social and environmental factors influencing patients’ and health professionals’ perceptions and experiences. A summary table, mapping the domains and underpinning themes to recommended behaviour change techniques, was used to develop the subsequent communication strategy recommendations. Recommendations include using techniques such as providing social processes of encourage, pressure and support to change patients’ and health professionals’ perceptions of their roles/responsibilities in medicines prescribing and administration, delivered via, for example, an educational leaflet and/or online training. Practical implications The summary table and guidance can inform development of an evidence-based strategy for communicating best practice recommendations regarding the use of liquid medicines for elderly patients with swallowing difficulties, tailored to the perceptions and challenges identified. Originality/value The behavioural science approach is less established within the pharmaceutical industry for promotion of best practice recommendations and related products, yet it offers a framework for an evidence-based and systematic approach that goes beyond a literature review or focus group.

Avoiding misperception and misuse of CrossFit®: seeking evidence-based best practice recommendations on training and injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott N. Drum ◽  
Bryanne N. Bellovary Y ◽  
Randall L. Jensen ◽  
Maggy T. Moore ◽  
Lars Donath
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Practice Recommendations

scholarly journals Diagnosis, Management and Return to Sport of a 16-year-old Patient with a Chiari I Malformation: A Case Report and Literature Review.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MaKenna L. Turk ◽  
Kelly Schmidt ◽  
Melanie L. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Chiari I Malformation ◽  
Athletic Trainer ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Practice Recommendations ◽  
Chiari I ◽  
Access To Medical Care

This CASE report presents a 16-year-old female volleyball, basketball and track & field athlete who was diagnosed with a Chiari I Malformation following a concussion. Surgical decompression was recommended and performed 3 months following her initial diagnosis. This patient presented unique challenges due to her age, desire to return-to-sport, and the lack of access to medical care due to living in a rural area. There are few evidence-based best-practice recommendations for the management and return-to-sport of Chiari I Malformation patients, particularly for post-surgical Chiari I Malformation cases. This case study discusses the treatment and return-to-sport process for the patient, and also provides a comprehensive review of the published literature on patients attempting to return-to-sport following Chiari I Malformation diagnosis. Additionally, this case report suggests and explores the utilization of an athletic trainer to reconcile various barriers in management and return-to-sport evident in this case and the reviewed literature.

scholarly journals Ensuring Consistent European-Wide Urological Care by the Use of Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines: Can We Do Better

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Emma Jane Smith ◽  
Steven MacLennan ◽  
Anders Bjartell ◽  
Alberto Briganti ◽  
Thomas Knoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Practice Guidelines ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Robust Methods ◽  
Practice Recommendations

The European Association of Urology (EAU) annually updates 21 clinical practice guidelines in which summaries of the evidence base and best practice recommendations are made. The methodology applied to achieve this and integrate stakeholder opinion is continuously improving. However, there is evidence to suggest wide variation in clinical practice indicating that many patients receive suboptimal and heterogeneous care. Studies from certain countries suggest that 2 out of 5 patients do not receive care according to the current scientific evidence, and in 1 out of 4 cases the care provided is potentially harmful. Clearly, the harmonisation of care in alignment with evidence-based best practice recommendations is something to strive for. Development of robust methods to disseminate and implement guideline recommendations and measure their impact is an objective the EAU is committed to improving. An important strategy for achieving harmonisation in urological care across Europe is to ensure the availability of high-quality clinical practice guidelines and to actively promote their implementation by clinicians and healthcare providers.

scholarly journals Best-Practice Recommendations for Producers, Evaluators, and Users of Methodological Literature Reviews

2020 ◽  
pp. 109442812094328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Aguinis ◽  
Ravi S. Ramani ◽  
Nawaf Alabduljader
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Methodological Issue ◽  
Applied Psychology ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Journal Editors ◽  
Practice Recommendations ◽  
Literature Reviews

We categorized and content-analyzed 168 methodological literature reviews published in 42 management and applied psychology journals. First, our categorization uncovered that the majority of published reviews (i.e., 85.10%) belong in three categories (i.e., critical, narrative, and descriptive reviews), which points to opportunities and promising directions for additional types of methodological literature reviews in the future (e.g., meta-analytic and umbrella reviews). Second, our content analysis uncovered implicit features of published methodological literature reviews. Based on the results of our content analysis, we created a checklist of actionable recommendations regarding 10 components to include to enhance a methodological literature review’s thoroughness, clarity, and ultimately, usefulness. Third, we describe choices and judgment calls in published reviews and provide detailed explications of exemplars that illustrate how those choices and judgment calls can be made explicit. Overall, our article offers recommendations that are useful for three methodological literature review stakeholder groups: producers (i.e., potential authors), evaluators (i.e., journal editors and reviewers), and users (i.e., substantive researchers interested in learning about a particular methodological issue and individuals tasked with training the next generation of scholars).

scholarly journals International Examination and Synthesis of the Primary and Secondary Surveys in Paramedicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A Colbeck ◽  
Sonja Maria ◽  
Georgette Eaton ◽  
Craig B Campbell ◽  
Alan M Batt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Treatment Algorithms ◽  
Practice Recommendations ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Secondary Survey

<p class="Pa2"><strong>Background</strong></p><p class="Pa2">To guide their care paramedics routinely rely upon two assessment and treatment algorithms, known as the primary survey and the secondary survey.  No clear consensus of the concepts (assessments and interventions) that are, or should be, included in these algorithms exist internationally. </p><p class="Pa2"><strong>Methods </strong></p><p class="Pa2">This paper evaluated Australasian paramedic clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), as well as six other international paramedic CPGs (USA, Ireland, UK, South Africa, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates) in order to identify which concepts are currently described in best-practice recommendations for paramedics.  The authors also contributed concepts that they felt were important additions based on their experience as veteran paramedics and paramedic educators.</p><p class="Pa2"><strong>Results </strong></p><p class="Pa2">The resulting amalgamation of concepts identified in each term was then formed into two mnemonics which, together sequentially list approximately 100 specific clinical concepts that paramedics routinely consider in their care of patients. We describe these as the “International Paramedic Primary and Secondary Surveys”.</p><p class="Pa2"><strong>Conclusion </strong></p><p class="Pa2">The primary and secondary surveys presented in this paper represent an evidence-based guide to the best practice in conducting a primary and secondary survey in the paramedic context.  Findings will be of use to paramedics, paramedic students, and other clinicians working in remote or isolated practices.</p>

Athletic Trainers’ Methods for Determining Return to Activity for Patients With an Ankle Sprain Part II: Influences of Selected Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ryan S. McCann ◽  
Ashley M.B. Suttmiller ◽  
Phillip A. Gribble ◽  
Julie M. Cavallario
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Practice Recommendations ◽  
Evaluation Techniques ◽  
Return To Activity

Athletic trainers’ reasons for selecting or avoiding certain evaluation techniques for patients with an ankle sprain are not fully understood. Such information is important to facilitating evidence-based practice and eliminating barriers. The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine what factors influence athletic trainers’ selection or avoidance of specific outcomes used to determine patients’ return to activity readiness following an ankle sprain. Participants cited many factors that facilitate and inhibit their use of best-practice recommendations and alternative methods for evaluating patients with ankle sprains. Athletic trainers’ should continue to promote facilitators and eliminate barriers to the use of best practices.

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