Eco-efficiency Convergence and Green Urban Growth in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 307-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhuan Huang ◽  
Yue Hua
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Convergence Clubs ◽  
High Level

Eco-efficiency measures if economic growth and environmental protection are effectively balanced. To understand the path of green urban growth in China, this article examines the converging patterns of eco-efficiency for 191 Chinese cities within 2003 and 2013. Two types of modified Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methods and spatial modeling approach are adopted in empirical analyses, with cities grouped based on three types of heterogeneities that facilitate the formation of potential convergence clubs. We find that major Chinese cities are β-converging in their eco-efficiency scores and are forming place-based convergence clubs in terms of geographical location, environmental policy, and resource endowments. Less efficient clubs are converging at a faster speed toward low-level steady states, while more efficient clubs are reaching separate high-level equilibria with relatively slow rates and longer half-life. We further raise corresponding policy implications that aim at retarding or reversing the ongoing trend of eco-efficiency deterioration.

The Rise and Decline of Car Use in Beijing and Shanghai

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Peter Newman ◽  
Jeffrey Kenworthy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
First Century ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Car Use ◽  
Urban Rail ◽  
Mixed Land Use ◽  
Dramatic Growth

Chinese cities have primarily evolved around walking, bicycling and public transport with their dense, linear form and mixed land use. The recent urban growth spurt has involved private motorisation, but because of land constraints and not fearing urban density, as in Anglo-Saxon cities, the same dense urbanism has been maintained. This means that automobiles do not easily fit into this traditional fabric and especially the historic walking fabric. Issues like congestion and air quality have become major constraints to further growth. Using Beijing and Shanghai as case studies, the next phase of urban and transport development now appears to be to reduce car use with the dramatic growth in urban rail as in most developed cities in the twenty-first century. This decoupling of car use from economic growth is consistent with other developed cities but is a first for emerging cities, hence the paper aims to explain this pattern from the cultural, political and especially urban fabric perspectives. The application to other Chinese cities and emerging cities is now possible following Beijing and Shanghai’s lead.

scholarly journals Impacts of Dynamic Agglomeration Externalities on Eco-Efficiency: Empirical Evidence from China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2304
Author(s):  
Yantuan Yu ◽  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Xiao Miao
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Ecological Efficiency ◽  
Regional Heterogeneity ◽  
Agglomeration Externalities ◽  
Industrial Structures ◽  
Technological Capacity ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Using Data

Ecological efficiency (eco-efficiency) reflects the synergetic degree of the development of resource, economic, and environmental systems. This paper measures urban eco-efficiency based on a nonconvex metafrontier data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach using data from 191 cities in China during the years of 2003 to 2013. In particular, the impacts of dynamic agglomeration externalities on urban eco-efficiency are investigated. Our empirical results show that eco-efficiency decreased from 2003 to 2013, and its spatial distribution demonstrates significant regional heterogeneity. Additionally, there exists an inverted U-shape relationship between dynamic externalities, including Marshall-Arrow-Romer (MAR), Jacobs and Porter externalities, and eco-efficiency. We also find that eco-efficiency can be enhanced by strengthening environmental regulations, optimizing industrial structures, and improving technological capacity. These findings are robust to alternative eco-efficiency measures, model specifications, and estimation approaches. Furthermore, we discuss related policy implications of our research results.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship, Skill Acquisition and Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-116
Author(s):  
Sunday Okubor Ijieh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Diffusion Of Knowledge ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

Scientifically, the relationship between knowledge and growth in economic growth has been enhanced by technical breakthroughs and developments over the years, so that economic growth is no longer focused solely on the exploitation of raw materials, energy sources andphysical goods, but on the intangible development of values in the form of essential skills, services, innovative technologies and inventions. Considering the high level of youth unemployment and the high incidence of poverty in Nigeria, this requires a re-adjustment of the traditional methods of human capital growth. The main goal of this paper is to shed light on recent developments in our understanding of the forces that border on information formation, distribution and innovation through the growth phase of the entrepreneur. This paper explored the tertiary institutions' entrepreneurship development programme and the capacity of graduates and future graduates to build jobs. Therefore, at Issele-Uku Delta State NYSC orientation camp, forty youth corps members were surveyed to evaluate their entrepreneurial dispositions. Similarly, surveys were also performed at four Delta State Tertiary Institutions. The sample of institutions consisted of 20 students from the selected schools each. One hundred polled 20 respondents. It was found that thirty-two percent of those who admitted to have taken entrepreneurship education, showed interest in setting up personal businesses using X2 analytical technique, while twenty-two percent preferred to work in private agencies, and the remaining forty-six percent preferred to work in either of the government weapons. In the design of regulations affecting the development of knowledge for the efficient diffusion of knowledge into socially useful needs, the policy implications of this study are significant Keywords: Entrepreneurs, Knowledge, Innovation, Growth

Pakistan's Export Possibilities

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Policy Maker ◽  
Time Horizon ◽  
Price Level ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Domestic Saving ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
High Level

The recent uncertainties about aid flows have underscored the need for achieving an early independence from foreign aid. The Perspective Plan (1,965-85) had envisaged the termination of Pakistan's dependence on foreign aid by 1985. However, in the context of West Pakistan alone the time horizon can now be advanced by several years with considerable confidence in its economy to pull the trick. The difficulties of achieving independence from foreign aid can be seen by reference to the fact that aid flows make it possible for the policy-maker to pursue such ostensibly incompatible objectives as a balance in international payments (i.e., foreign aid finances the balance of payments), higher rates of economic growth (Lei, it pulls up domestic saving and investment levels), a high level of employment (i.e., it keeps the industries working at a fuller capacity than would otherwise be the case), and a reasonably stable price level (i.e., it lets a higher level of imports than would otherwise be possible). Without aid, then a simultaneous attainment of all these objectives at the former higher levels together with the balance in foreign payments may become well-nigh impos¬sible. Choices are, therefore, inevitable not for definite places in the hierarchy of values, but rather for occasional "trade-offs". That is to say, we will have to" choose how much to sacrifice for the attainment of one goal for the sake of somewhat better realization of another.

scholarly journals What is beyond the edges? Gated communities and their role in China’s desire for harmonious cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Badiaa Hamama ◽  
Jian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Gated Communities ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
New Urbanization

Abstract During the rapid process of urbanization in post-reform China, cities assumed the role of a catalyst for economic growth and quantitative construction. In this context, territorially bounded and well delimited urban cells, globally known as ‘gated communities’, xiaoqu, continued to define the very essence of Chinese cities becoming the most attractive urban form for city planners, real estate developers, and citizens alike. Considering the guidelines in China’s National New Urbanization Plan (2014–2020), focusing on the promotion of humanistic and harmonious cities, in addition to the directive of 2016 by China’s Central Urban Work Conference to open up the gates and ban the construction of new enclosed residential compounds, this paper raises the following questions: As the matrix of the Chinese urban fabric, what would be the role of the gated communities in China’s desire for a human-qualitative urbanism? And How to rethink the gated communities to meet the new urban challenges? Seeking alternative perspectives, this paper looks at the gated communities beyond the apparent limits they seem to represent, considering them not simply as the ‘cancer’ of Chinese cities, rather the container of the primary ingredients to reshape the urban fabric dominated by the gate.

Effects of tourism development on economic growth: An empirical study of China based on both static and dynamic spatial Durbin models

2021 ◽  
pp. 135481662110211
Author(s):  
Honghong Liu ◽  
Ye Xiao ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Dianting Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Spatial Spillover ◽  
Domestic Tourism ◽  
Inbound Tourism ◽  
Spatial Spillover Effect

This study applies the dynamic spatial Durbin model (SDM) to explore the direct and spillover effects of tourism development on economic growth from the perspective of domestic and inbound tourism. The results are compared with those from the static SDM. The results support the tourism-led-economic-growth hypothesis in China. Specifically, domestic tourism and inbound tourism play a significant role in stimulating local economic growth. However, the spatial spillover effect is limited to domestic tourism, and the spatial spillover effect of inbound tourism is not significant. Furthermore, the long-term effects are much greater than the short-term impact for both domestic and inbound tourism. Plausible explanations of these results are provided and policy implications are drawn.

Fish Exports and Economic Growth: The Pakistan’s Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Tehseen Jawaid ◽  
Mohammad Haris Siddiqui ◽  
Zeeshan Atiq ◽  
Usman Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

This study attempts to explore first time ever the relationship between fish exports and economic growth of Pakistan by employing annual time series data for the period 1974–2013. Autoregressive distributed lag and Johansen and Juselius cointegration results confirm the existence of a positive long-run relationship among the variables. Further, the error correction model reveals that no immediate or short-run relationship exists between fish exports and economic growth. Different sensitivity analyses indicate that initial results are robust. Rolling window analysis has been applied to identify the yearly behaviour of fish exports, and it remains negative from 1979 to 1982, 1984 to 1988, 1993 to 1999, 2004 and from 2010 to 2013, and it shows positive impact from 1989 to 1992, 2000 to 2003 and from 2005 to 2009. Furthermore, the variance decomposition method and impulse response function suggest the bidirectional causal relationship between fish exports and economic growth. The findings are beneficial for policymakers in the area of export planning. This study also provides some policy implications in the final section.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document