scholarly journals The dual impact of gender and the influence of timing of parenthood on men’s and women’s career development: Longitudinal findings

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea E. Abele ◽  
Daniel Spurk
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Career Success ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
First Child ◽  
Agency And Communion ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impact of gender, the gender-related self-concept (agency and communion), and the timing of parenthood on objective career success of 1,015 highly educated professionals. Hypotheses derived from a dual-impact model of gender and career-related processes were tested in a 5-wave longitudinal study over a time span of 10 years starting with participants’ career entry. In line with our hypotheses we found that the communal component of the gender self-concept had an impact on parenthood, and the agentic component influenced work hours and objective career success (salary, status) of both women and men. Parenthood had a negative direct influence on women’s work hours and a negative indirect influence on women’s objective career success. Women who had their first child around career entry were relatively least successful over the observation period. Men’s career success was independent of parenthood. Sixty-five percent of variance in women’s career success and 33% of variance in men’s career success was explained by the factors analyzed here. Mothers with partners working full time reduced their work hours more than mothers with partners not working full time. A test for a possible reverse influence of career success on the decision to become a parent revealed no effect for men and equivocal effects for women. We conclude that the transition to parenthood still is a crucial factor for women’s career development both from an external gender perspective (expectations, gender roles) and from an internal perspective (gender-related self-concept).

scholarly journals The Influence of Characteristics of Men’s Job on the Timing of the First Birth in Canada

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Germain Bingoly-Liworo
Keyword(s):  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Full Time ◽  
First Birth ◽  
First Child ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
Work Integration ◽  
Wage Earners ◽  
The Impact

The objective of the study was to illustrate the impact of characteristics of the job of at least six months held by men born from 1930 to 1965 on the timing of the first birth. The hypothesis is that characteristics of the job occupied at the beginning career lead to a differential transition to parenthood, characterized by a greater likelihood of having a first child for men whose job shows stability, compared with those whose first job is unstable and precarious. The data used are derived from the Statistics Canada 2001 General Social Survey, to which applied methods are used in event history analysis. The results validate the hypothesis, in indicating that full-time wage earners and self-employed workers have a greater likelihood of having a first child than part-time wage-earners. Results also show that the effect of characteristics of the job is limited in the first five years spent on the job. In addition, the job seems to accelerate the transition to parenthood for men married before being hired. All of the results suggest the need for family support to help young couples become established and for governments to adopt measures to encourage young people’s work integration.

Mom-and-Pop Narcissism: The Impact of Attention Seeking and Grandiosity on Couples' Experience of the Transition to Parenthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haran Sened ◽  
Eran Bar-Kalifa ◽  
Rony Pshedetzky-Shochat ◽  
Marci Gleason ◽  
Eshkol Rafaeli
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Parental Satisfaction ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Narcissistic Personality Disorder ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Narcissistic Personality ◽  
First Child ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Various studies have demonstrated associations between personality disorders and relationship satisfaction. The authors examine the associations between attention seeking and grandiosity, both features of narcissistic personality disorder, and relationship satisfaction before and after the transition to parenthood. The authors then expand their analysis to parental satisfaction and postpartum depression (PPD). Nonclinical couples (N = 103 couples) expecting their first child completed measures of grandiosity, attention seeking, and relationship satisfaction before birth, and of relationship satisfaction, parental satisfaction, and PPD symptoms 3 months afterward. Attention seeking was associated with less parental satisfaction and more PPD symptoms, and with less prepartum relationship satisfaction for participants' partners. For men, attention seeking was also associated with prepartum relationship satisfaction. Grandiosity was associated with a decrease in relationship satisfaction after birth, although, surprisingly with fewer PPD symptoms for participants’ partners. The authors discuss how these findings might be related to changes in social support and work–life balance during the transition to parenthood.

scholarly journals Impact of Protean Career Attitudes on Career Outcomes via Job Crafting Behavior: A Serial Mediation Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal Ahmad ◽  
Mubbsher Munawar Khan ◽  
Muhammad Aamir
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Career Success ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Career Outcomes ◽  
Career Attitudes ◽  
Protean Career ◽  
Perceived Employability ◽  
Serial Mediation ◽  
Protean Career Attitudes ◽  
The Impact

The protean career attitude (PCA) is an emerging proactive career attitude and an essential source for successful career development. However, to do so, the individuals also must employ proactive career behaviors at work to achieve desired career outcomes. The study proposes that the individuals with protean career attitudes employ best work practices through job crafting behaviors and attain desired career outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of protean career attitudes on career outcomes, i.e., Perceived Employability (PE) and Subjective Career Success (SCS) through job crafting behavior. The data from the employees working in the universities of Pakistan revealed that PCA has a positive impact on individual career outcomes. It was also found that there exists a pathway of serial mediation from job crafting towards perceived employability to achieve career success. The individuals who craft their jobs are more likely to enhance their employability, ultimately leading to career success. The study highlights the importance of PCA and Job Crafting behaviors, yet un-explored phenomena, for the employees for career development.

scholarly journals Reduction in sleep disturbances at retirement: evidence from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 2155-2173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera van de Straat ◽  
Loretta G. Platts ◽  
Jussi Vahtera ◽  
Hugo Westerlund ◽  
Piet Bracke
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Civil Status ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAlthough retirement involves a radical change in daily activities, income, social roles and relationships, and the transition from paid work into retirement can, therefore, be expected to affect sleep, little is known about the effects of old-age retirement on changes in sleep disturbances, and how the impact of retirement may vary by gender, age and prior working conditions. This study modelled reported sleep disturbances up to nine years before to nine years following retirement in a sample of 2,110 participants from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH). Sleep disturbances over the retirement transition were modelled using repeated-measures regression analysis with Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) in relation to gender, age at retirement, working patterns (night work, full-time/part-time work), control over work hours, and psychological and physical working conditions. The analyses controlled for civil status, education level, income obtained from registers and self-rated health. Retiring from paid work was associated with decreased sleep disturbances. Greater reductions in sleep disturbances were reported by women, as well as by participants who retired before age 65 years, who were working full-time, who lacked control over their work hours and who had high psychological demands. These results, suggesting that old-age retirement from paid work is associated with reductions in disturbed sleep, pose a challenge for governments seeking to increase retirement ages.

The Impact of Childcare Responsibility and Self-Efficacy on the Psychological Health of Professional Working Mothers

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Ozer
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Professional Women ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Multiple Role ◽  
First Child ◽  
Professional Working Mothers ◽  
Role Demands ◽  
The Impact

This study examined how childcare responsibility and self-efficacy to manage multiple role demands related to the psychological well-being and distress of 42 full-time professional women one month after they returned to their jobs after the birth of their first child. The results showed that greater childcare responsibility is associated with lower well-being and greater psychological distress. As predicted, perceived self-efficacy to cope with demands of occupational and familial roles appeared to mediate this relationship. A woman's belief in her capability to enlist the help of her spouse for childcare was the most consistent predictor of both well-being and distress.

scholarly journals Maternal work hours in early to middle childhood link to later adolescent diet quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1861-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianghong Li ◽  
Therese O'Sullivan ◽  
Sarah Johnson ◽  
Fiona Stanley ◽  
Wendy Oddy
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Maternal Work ◽  
Adolescent Diet ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies on maternal work hours and child diet quality have reported conflicting findings possibly due to differences in study design, lack of a comprehensive measure of diet quality and differing ages of the children under investigation. The present study aimed to prospectively examine the impact of parental work hours from age 1 year to age 14 years on adolescent diet quality.DesignMultivariate linear regression models were used to examine independent associations between parents’ work hours at each follow-up and across 14 years and adolescent diet quality at age 14 years. A diet quality index was based on the international literature and Australian recommendations, consisting of six food groups and nine nutrients.SettingPerth, Western Australia.SubjectsChildren (n 1629) participating in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study.ResultsCompared with children of mothers in full-time employment, children of mothers who were not employed in early childhood up to age 5 years had a higher average diet quality score at age 14 years, independent of maternal and family socio-economic status. Across 14 years the number of years the mother worked full time and increasing average weekly hours were associated with lower diet quality. Father's work hours had little association with adolescent diet quality.ConclusionsHaving a mother stay at home in early to middle childhood is associated with better diet quality in adolescence. Support may be beneficial for families where the mother returns to full-time employment before the child reaches 8 years of age.

Millennials and organizational citizenship behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 774-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baiyun Gong ◽  
Regina A. Greenwood ◽  
David Hoyte ◽  
Arlene Ramkissoon ◽  
Xin He
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Job Outcomes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Career Anchor ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Growing up in the technology era and heavily invested in longer full-time education, the millennial workforce holds unique characteristics that may influence important job outcomes. Building on the recent research on workforce generations, this paper aims to investigate not only the overall effect of the millennial generation on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) but also the nuanced effect of how workforce generations may interact with two factors in career development (i.e. job crafting and career anchor) in predicting OCB. Design/methodology/approach An online survey was conducted among full-time workers in the USA, 321 (64 per cent) of whom were millennials. Hierarchical regression was used to test the hypotheses. Findings Results indicated that millennials appeared to be less interested in OCB compared to earlier generations in the workforce. Nevertheless, some dimensions of OCB increased when millennials conducted resource-related job crafting or when they held a career anchor on service. In addition, both of these career development factors were positively correlated with OCB. Research limitations/implications This study offers important implications to researchers as well as practitioners and highlights the significance of career development factors in motivating millennials toward desired job outcomes. Originality/value This research is among the initial attempts to assess the impact of job design and career factors on OCB among millennial workers. The findings highlight millennials’ unique perspectives toward OCB and how job crafting and career anchor may play influencing roles on OCB. With millennials becoming the largest generation in the workforce, such knowledge is critical.

scholarly journals Helping shy employees with career success: The impact of organizational socialization

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-62
Author(s):  
Robert J. Taormina
Keyword(s):  
Career Success ◽  
Organizational Socialization ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Subjective Career Success ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

As shy people have been reported to experience interpersonal and professional difficulties at work, this study examined the extent to which shy employees have lower perceptions of their career success and whether organizational socialization could favorably moderate the relationship between shyness and subjective career success. Questionnaires containing personality and socialization measures were given to 375 full-time employees. Confirming the hypotheses, t-test results revealed that shy (compared to non-shy) employees scored significantly lower on Subjective Career Success, Self-Confidence, and Emotional Intelligence; while scoring significantly higher on work-related Emotional Exhaustion. Regressions revealed that the four facets of organizational socialization (Training, Understanding, Coworker Support, and Future Prospects) all had significant moderating effects that yielded increases in the levels of Subjective Career Success for the shy employees. Implications for management are discussed.

Relationship and Sexual Functioning During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mylène Lachance-Grzela
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relationship Functioning ◽  
First Child ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

There has been much debate among researchers in couple and family psychology on whether and how much the transition to parenthood affects partners’ conjugal life. This chapter provides a literature review aimed at determining what is currently known about relationship functioning and sexual functioning during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Most existing research on the subject reveals that the birth of a first child is associated with a decline in relationship satisfaction and sexual functioning. Recent data from prospective studies suggest that the transition from being a couple to being parents is actually associated with declines in relationship functioning over and above the normative declines reported by couples without children. This chapter examines the impact of individual, relational, and situational factors that have been proposed to explain this decline. Finally, the strengths and limitations of current research are discussed, and future research avenues are considered.

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