The Brain Stem Evoked Response and Medial Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body

1994 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiyeko Tsuchitani
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Superior Olivary Complex ◽  
Lateral Superior Olive ◽  
Medial Nucleus ◽  
Brain Stem Evoked Response ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Trapezoid Body

Single-unit responses of cat superior olivary complex neurons to acoustic stimuli were examined to determine whether the units' action potentials were sufficiently synchronized to contribute to the brain stem evoked response. The medial nucleus of the trapezoid body and lateral superior olive are two major nuclei within the cat superior olivary complex. The first-spike discharge latencies of medial nucleus of the trapezoid body and lateral superior olivary neurons to monaural presentations of tone burst stimuli were measured as a function of stimulus level. Evidence is provided to support the hypotheses that in cat the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body may contribute directly to the monaural brain stem evoked response by producing action potentials synchronized to stimulus onset and may also contribute indirectly to the brain stem evoked response binaural difference wave bc by inhibiting the lateral superior olive unit excitatory responses synchronized to stimulus onset.

TESTING HEARING WITH THE BRAIN‐STEM EVOKED RESPONSE

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
James I. Manson ◽  
Christopher Pearson ◽  
Paul F. Weston
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Brain Stem Evoked Response ◽  
The Brain

Superior Laryngeal Nerve Brain Stem Evoked Response in the Cat

1997 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Ho Kim ◽  
Kwang-Moon Kim ◽  
Won Pyo Hong ◽  
Hong Yoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Internal Branch ◽  
Brain Stem Evoked Response ◽  
The Waves ◽  
The Brain

The generator sources of each wave of the laryngeal brain stem evoked response (LBR) have yet to be precisely demonstrated, although this has been studied in several animal species. This study was carried out to record the near-field brain stem activity as well as the far-field brain stem activity in the cat under the same experimental setup, and to search for the generator sources of the waves. Under general anesthesia, the LBR tracings were recorded adjacent to and within the brain stem following direct electrical stimulation of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Reproducible positive and negative waves were detected by the far- and near-field techniques. Mean latencies, configurations, and reproducibility of each wave were demonstrated. From these results, we speculate on the generator sources of each wave.

The Superior Paraolivary Nucleus

2018 ◽  
pp. 394-420
Author(s):  
Anna K. Magnusson ◽  
Marcelo Gómez-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Superior Olivary Complex ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Complex Sounds ◽  
Robust Detection ◽  
Medial Nucleus ◽  
Superior Paraolivary Nucleus ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Trapezoid Body

This chapter summarizes the current concepts of the superior paraolivary nucleus (SPON)—a structure embedded in the superior olivary complex in the mammalian auditory brainstem. SPON is driven by input pathways from two of the most temporally secure neurons in the brain: the octopus cells in the cochlear nucleus and the neurons of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. These inputs activate spiking activity that marks the onset and offset of sound, the latter based on a rebound depolarization mechanism. This makes the SPON an excellent detector of transient sound energy. Robust detection of the coarse sound pattern over time further gives SPON the capacity to track the temporal envelope of complex sounds with supreme precision. Since the SPON circuitry is constant in mammals and resilient to sensory perturbation, it indicates its high survival value. A possible neuroevolutionary role of SPON in the processing of vocalizations is discussed.

Effects of Neonatal Conductive Hearing Loss on Brain Stem Auditory Nuclei

1979 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 684-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas B. Webster ◽  
Molly Webster
Keyword(s):  
Spherical Cell ◽  
Superior Olivary Complex ◽  
Auditory Deprivation ◽  
Lateral Superior Olive ◽  
Medial Nucleus ◽  
Cochlear Nuclei ◽  
Cell Groups ◽  
Conductive Hearing ◽  
Trapezoid Body ◽  
Large Spherical

Both postnatal auditory deprivation and experimentally produced conductive hearing losses in mice result in incomplete maturation of most brain stem auditory neurons. The affected groups are: octopus cell, globular cell, small spherical cell, and large spherical cell groups in ventral cochlear nuclei; and the lateral superior olive and medial nucleus of the trapezoid body of the superior olivary complex. When 45 days of auditory deprivation are followed by 45 days of normal acoustic stimulation, there is incomplete maturation of neurons in: multipolar cell, globular cell, small spherical cell, and large spherical cell groups in ventral cochlear nuclei; lateral superior olive and medial nucleus of trapezoid body in superior olivary complex; and central nucleus of inferior colliculus. A critical period exists when adequate sound stimulation is needed for full development of these neurons.

Correlation between the Laryngeal Brain Stem Evoked Response and the Laryngeal Chemoreflex in the Porcine Model

1993 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Cohen ◽  
Paul Kileny ◽  
Ramon M. Esclamado ◽  
Steven Telian
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Reflex Pathways ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Brain Stem Evoked Response ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Supraglottic Larynx ◽  
Stimulation Of

The laryngeal brain stem evoked response (LBR) represents the neural activity involved in laryngeal reflex pathways. The laryngeal chemoreflex (LCR) is a centrally mediated response consisting of apnea and hemodynamic changes that result from laryngeal stimulation. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of the LBR that are predictive of LCR severity in the porcine model. The duration of apnea resulting from stimulation of the supraglottic larynx defined LCR severity. The LBR tracings were recorded from electrodes flanking the brain stem following direct electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve. The LBR peak latencies from piglets demonstrating prolonged LCR apnea were compared to those without an exaggerated LCR response. Two LBR peak latencies demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the two piglet groups. These peak latencies appear to be indicators of susceptibility to exaggerated laryngeal reflex sensitivity. Thus, the LBR may prove useful in identifying and evaluating subjects predisposed to conditions associated with dysfunctional laryngeal reflex activity.

scholarly journals GABA is a modulator, rather than a classical transmitter, in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body–lateral superior olive sound localization circuit

2019 ◽  
Vol 597 (8) ◽  
pp. 2269-2295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander U. Fischer ◽  
Nicolas I. C. Müller ◽  
Thomas Deller ◽  
Domenico Del Turco ◽  
Jonas O. Fisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Localization ◽  
Lateral Superior Olive ◽  
Superior Olive ◽  
Medial Nucleus ◽  
Trapezoid Body

Brain stem–evoked response in neonates

1979 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Goldstein ◽  
A. Krumholz ◽  
J.K. Felix ◽  
D. Shannon ◽  
R.F. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Brain Stem Evoked Response

Perinatal Development of the Medial Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body

2018 ◽  
pp. 244-272
Author(s):  
Shobhana Sivaramakrishnan ◽  
Ashley Brandebura ◽  
Paul Holcomb ◽  
Daniel Heller ◽  
Douglas Kolson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axon Guidance ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Calyx Of Held ◽  
Medial Nucleus ◽  
Target Neuron ◽  
Circuit Formation ◽  
Key Events ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Trapezoid Body

Bushy cells (BC) of the cochlear nucleus mono-innervate their target neuron, the principal cell of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), via the calyx of Held (CH) terminal, which is a typically mammalian structure and perhaps the largest nerve terminal in the brain. CH:MNTB innervation has become an attractive model to study neural circuit formation because it forms quickly, passing through stages of competition in mice within 2–4 days. BCs innervate MNTB neurons by E17, but CHs do not begin to grow for another five days (P3). Progress has been made to identify molecular factors for axon guidance, CH growth, and physiological maturation of synaptic partners, but important details remain to be discovered. We summarize key events in CH formation and highlight unresolved issues in molecular and physiological signaling, roles for non-neural cells, and the nature of competition during the first postnatal week.

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