scholarly journals Different Patterns of Labor Market Integration by Migration Motivation in Europe: The Role of Host Country Human Capital

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Zwysen
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Labor Market Integration

We study whether the acquisition of host country human capital, such as obtaining equivalent qualifications, good language skills, or naturalization, explains differences in labor market integration between migrants depending on their initial motivation. We use cross-national European data from the 2008 ad hoc module of the Labour Force Survey to analyze migrant gaps in labor market participation, employment, occupational status, and precarious employment. We find that different rates of and returns to host country human capital explain a substantial part of the improvements in labor market outcomes with years of residence, particularly for noneconomic migrants who experience faster growth on average.

Labor-Market Integration, Investment in Risky Human Capital, and Fiscal Competition

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E Wildasin
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Human Capital Investment ◽  
Skilled Labor ◽  
Fiscal Competition ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Public Provision ◽  
Labor Market Integration

This paper presents a general-equilibrium model where human capital investment increases specialization and exposes skilled workers to region-specific earnings risk. Interjurisdictional mobility of skilled labor mitigates these risks; state-contingent migration of skilled labor also improves efficiency. With perfect capital markets, labor-market integration raises welfare and reduces ex post earnings inequality. If instead human capital investment can only be financed through local taxes, labor-market integration leads to interjurisdictional fiscal competition, shifting the burden of taxation to low-skilled immobile workers. Decentralized public provision of human capital investment creates earnings inequalities and is inefficient. (JEL H00)

scholarly journals Immigrant Naturalisation, Employment and Occupational Status in Western Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rezart Hoxhaj ◽  
Maarten Vink ◽  
Tijana Breuer
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Immigrant Men

Does citizenship facilitate access to employment and higher status jobs? Existing studies have produced mixed results across mostly single case studies in Europe and North America. To investigate whether this heterogeneity depends on varying institutional and socio-economic conditions, in this paper we analyse the labour market outcomes of immigrants who have naturalised in 13 West European countries. Our empirical analysis draws on data from the 2014 European Labour Force Survey Ad Hoc Module on immigrants. In order to cope with the selective nature of the naturalisation process, we employ a bivariate probit model that accounts for unobserved characteristics of naturalising immigrants. Our main results show a positive relationship across these destination countries between citizenship and the probability of employment, as well as between citizenship and occupational status, but only for immigrant men from developing countries. For women and for migrants from developed countries, we observe no significant differences between citizens and non-citizens. Liberalising the access to citizenship does not diminish the positive returns on employment from naturalisation. For immigrant men from developing countries there is evidence of a trade-off between easier access to citizenship and the returns on occupational status.

How to Succeed in a Transnational Labor Market: Job Search and Wages among Hungarian, Slovak, and Czech Commuters in Austria

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Verwiebe ◽  
Christoph Reinprecht ◽  
Raimund Haindorfer ◽  
Laura Wiesboeck
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Labor Market Integration ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Human And Social Capital ◽  
Job Searching

This paper deals with job search strategies and wages among cross-border commuters residing in the Central European Region (CENTROPE). Our main aim is to investigate the role of social networks as constitutive for job searching and for successful labor market integration. We build upon a theoretical framework developed by Aguilera and Massey, reflecting on the nexus of social networks, job search methods, and related labor market outcomes. Methodologically, we use a new quantitative survey on the employment careers of cross-border commuters residing in the regions of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary bordering on Austria, conducted in the winter/spring of 2012/2013 (N = 2,573). Our results corroborate the hypothesis that human and social capital resources as well as labor market characteristics serve as key factors for job search and labor market integration among cross-border commuters in the CENTROPE transnational labor market.

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