Are we producing general surgeons who are ready for community or rural practice?

General surgery remains a broad and unclearly defined specialty in small and medium-sized communities, where general surgeons perform more subspecialty and non-core procedures than their urban counterparts. It is unclear what specific procedures are being performed or whether today’s residents are being trained to meet community needs. We surveyed the members of the British Columbia (BC) Surgical Society and found that only 3% of BC’s surgeons believe today’s graduates are “definitely prepared” for a broad-based community practice. We also identified several non-core procedures performed more frequently by general surgeons in small and medium-sized communities. General surgery residency is narrowing its focus despite the fact that community general surgeons are maintaining a broad-based practice. To meet the needs of smaller communities, residency programs need to address the discrepancies that exist between the emphasis within the current training structure and the practice of our community surgeons.

The Structure of Personnel Training within Getting Higher Education Meets the Needs of Economy: Problems and Solutions

This research article studies the problem of inconsistency of higher-educated personnel training structure to the current and future sectoral specialization of the Russian economy. One of the key tasks of the higher education system in any country is to train personnel who would be demanded by economy in the future. The responsibility for balancing the structure of training higher-educated personnel with the needs of organizations and various industries lies both on the government authorities and on the universities themselves. The authors analyze the correspondence of the structure of training personnel with higher education to the current and future needs of the socio-economic development of Russia in general and its regions in particular. In the course of the study, the structure of training personnel with higher education by enlarged groups of specialties and training programs has been compared with the current and prospective structure of the gross regional product, as well as with the distribution of the employed by sectors of the economy of all Russian Federation constituent entities. The results of the analysis by federal districts are based on the data obtained for the constituent entities, and make it possible to assess the imbalance in the structure of training personnel with higher education, to formulate possible reasons for the existing imbalances at the regional, federal, and universities’ levels. The study is based on the documents of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia concerning the distribution of admission control figures by the Russian Federation entities and enlarged groups of specialties and training programs, aswell as on the information from the Federal State Statistics Service. For most regions of Russia, the results of the analysis revealed the problem of inconsistency between higher-educated personnel training structure and the structure of the need for personnel as determined by the goals and objectives of socio-economic development. A possible way to solve this problem is to revise the universities’ development programs with due consideration of the long-term regional development prospects supported by a system of institutional measures on the part of education authorities, industries, and regions.

Different Approaches to Desing of the Group Traning in Adult Learning

Aim. The aim of the study is a description of the types of training designs, based on various classification criteria and illustrated by examples from the authors’ own practice. Methods. We used theoretical analysis and synthesis of scientific information, as well as modelling the training structure. Results and Conclusions. It was proposed to classify the designs of group training, depending either on the internal logic of the teaching material or on the external organisation of the training. Regarding the logic of presentation certain designs, through the analysis of existing learning approaches, are proposed of training, based on different logic: presentation of information, assimilation of information, B. Bloom's taxonomy, and competencies formation. Using these designs, it is possible to construct either the whole training or its separate parts (thematic blocks, exercises). The external organisation of the training includes design of the sum of exercises, or of a coherent story.

Struktur Pelatihan Yoga Āsanas Bagi Anak-Anak, Remaja Dan Dewasa Di Sanggar Samirata

<p><em>Yoga is a way to connect or unite in the spiritual or spiritual dimension which is the main process / path to achieve the goal, namely eternal freedom or the union of the soul with God. This oneness exists after breaking the duality of mind into the highest consciousness. Āsanas is the third part of the eight yoga paths, which are known as astāngga yoga or the eight sections of yoga. The aim is to make our bodies steady and ready for higher techniques such as pranayama (breath control), pratyahara (sense withdrawal), dharana (concentration), dhyana (meditation) and Samadhi (cosmic realization). The method used in this writing uses qualitative methods, using qualitative descriptive analysis. Besides that, in the implementation of the training, the method of material presentation, question and answer method, and practical method is also carried out. Data collection used by using observation, interview and documentation techniques. Through āsanas yoga training which is not theoretical but direct practice through the āsanas yoga training structure by emphasizing the importance of deep understanding of the philosophy of each āsanas pose that is carried out. So that by staying more persistent, it will be easier to concentrate and meditate. In addition, the āsanas movement balances the production of hormones from the various glands, the stretching and bending position of the āsanas movement, which is carried out for a certain period of time, puts special and sustained pressure on the glands so that it stimulates the glands in various ways, regulates glandular production and ultimately going to control emotions. If the deficiency of the glands is resolved, the mind becomes free from emotional distress and a perfect inner calm will be achieved. So that the training participants will feel the benefits both morally, physically, mentally and spiritually by making the practice of yoga as a sadhana.</em><em></em></p>

Training strategies for a sustainable medical care: a survey among assistant and chief physicians in a tertiary care hospital in Germany

PurposeAs an essential part of the health care system, the requirements for specialist training are subject to a continuous process of change. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the current specialist training situation of all departments in a tertiary care hospital in Germany. Differences between assistant and chief physicians should be pointed out.Materials and methodsThe analysis of the current training situation was carried out on the basis of an individually created questionnaire. The questionnaire content included career goal and specialism. The characteristic values initial training (IT), training structure (TS) and training content were measured on a numeric scale from 1 to 5. In addition, an overall assessment of the trainers’ competences was performed. The questionnaire was sent to 208 assistant physicians (AP) and 34 chief physicians (CP).ResultsTotally 92 APs (44.2%) and 22 CPs (64.7%) participated. Senior physician was the most common career goal (34.1%), followed by the branch (28.6%). The importance of the topics initial training (IT) and training structure (TS) were evaluated as mean value: ITCP=1.5, ITAP=1.6; p=0.701 and TSCP=1.4, TSAP=1.5; p=0.669. The results concerning the implementation of the topics IT and TS in the daily routine show significant differences between APs and CPs (ITCP=2.0, ITAP=3.2; p=0.002; TSCP=1.9, TSAP=3.0; p<0.001). Skills lab training was acknowledged as the most important training format (CP=1.3, AP=1.5; p=0.401). The practical medical skills of the professional trainers were evaluated as high: AP: 94.6% (CP: 100.0%), as well as the training in interprofessional collaboration: AP: 79.4% (CP: 100.0%).ConclusionOur data underline the importance of specialist training subjects. These are partly perceived very differently by APs and CPs. Innovative concepts for the induction phase, well-structured training curricula, providing management skills, the overall use of skills labs and digital documentation might support the satisfaction and the outcome of specialist training. This could also improve quality in patient care.

MODELING OF THE TRAINING PREPARATION OF HIGHLY QUALIFIED FEMALE HOCKEY PLAYERS

ABSTRACT The article is devoted to the study of effectiveness of building training and competitive loads of women’s national team of the Republic of Belarus for the European Indoor Hockey Championship (Indoor Hockey). The study was conducted at a separate, three-month stage of the annual training cycle. The Purpose of the study: To find optimal ratio between training and competitive loads using block training system for highly qualified hockey players. To achieve the goal, the following Tasks were set: 1. To determine the structure of training of Belarus national hockey players in clubs and during the training camps of the national team before the European Championship; 2. To evaluate training and competitive process as two separate areas of training for highly qualified hockey players; 3. To identify necessary volume and evaluate effectiveness of the use of non-specific loads of anaerobic orientation in shock micro cycles during training process of hockey players and final result. Research hypothesis: it was assumed that control and test games, as well as non-specific loads of anaerobic orientation in shock micro cycles, may have a positive effect on the efficiency of using block system for preparing highly qualified hockey players for a short-term tournament. An analysis of the training structure of the women’s national team of the Republic of Belarus is presented from the perspective of the modern block system of periodization. Thus, it can be stated that the polycyclic principle of building the training process in Indoor hockey game sport is approved today. The obtained data on the structure of training of hockey players can be used as model characteristics.

DEVELOPMENT OF ADJUSTABLE WHEELCHAIR TRAINING STRUCTURE AND VALIDATION OF USEFULNESS FOR EVALUATION AND TRAINING OF MANUAL WHEELCHAIR SKILL

As the number of wheelchair users increases, safety accidents related to wheelchairs are increasing. Wheelchair training has been emphasized as a way to deal with this problem. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a wheelchair training structure as an adjustable type and verify its usefulness. Methods: In order to develop the wheelchair training structure as an adjustable type, idea meetings were held by related experts. The structure reflecting the ideas generated by the expert meetings was drawn through 3D modeling and it was produced by a commissioned woodwork shop. Then the final products including the adjustable curb and stairs were evaluated to verify their effectiveness and user satisfaction. Ten physical or occupational therapists rated satisfaction using the Korean-Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology, and four manual wheelchair users rated effectiveness using the wheelchair Skill Test-Questionnaire 5.0. And the evaluations were conducted twice before and after the 10 wheelchair training sessions each with 30 min duration. Results the result of satisfaction evaluation of the adjustable curbs and stairs by the 10 therapists showed that effectiveness was the highest, and the size and weight were the lowest. As for the effectiveness evaluation by the four manual wheelchair users, both the capacity and confidence of all subjects improved. Conclusion: This study confirmed that training using this type of wheelchair training construct will help wheelchair users improve the confidence and skills of using wheelchair which are essential for their safety and independent mobility. Therefore, if the adjustable curbs and stairs are to be used in the rehabilitation process of early manual wheelchair users, it is expected to contribute to the advancing their successful social return.

Five Months Later: The Psychodynamic Psychiatrist and Psychiatric Care in the Era of COVID-19

Five months following an earlier report on the initial impact of COVID-19, the same 24 contributing psychodynamic psychiatrists reported on how matters have shifted in their experience. Spread of the virus, lockdowns, politicization of all aspects of the pandemic, massive unemployment, and social justice frustrations have characterized the interim. The initial burst of acute uncertainty and worry has shifted into a more adaptive but still destabilizing long-term apprehension: distance treatment and its ramifications have become somewhat normalized, training now incorporates virtual treatment approaches, psychodynamically informed counseling has taken a larger role in the content of care. New theories of clinical practice are emerging that address these changes. As before, contributors’ narratives are considered from the perspective of administration and training, structure and content of treatment, and the impact of the pandemic both on patients and psychiatrists.

Experimental study of local scour around T-shaped spur dike in a meandering channel

A spur dike is mainly constructed as a river-training structure and is primarily used to prevent bank erosion. The restriction to flow caused by the construction of a spur dike promotes local scour around the structure. In the case of a dike placed in a channel bend, the scour becomes more aggressive. The literature review found that the research work related to local scour around a spur dike located in a meandering channel is very limited or minimal. Therefore, an experimental investigation was conducted to study the local scour process around a T-shaped spur dike placed at different locations along the outer bank (or concave) of a reverse-meandering channel. Non-dimensionalized empirical equations for temporal and maximum local scour depth were developed as the function of the Froude number of approach flow and spur dike location. It is observed that local scour around the dike increases with the increase in Froude number and location in the meander (measured from the entry to meander). The formulation for the maximum scour depth was further evaluated with the experimental data related to the 180° bend, from literature, and it was found that the proposed equation's application is very much limited.

TRANSFORMATIONAL PROCESSES IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN UKRAINE (90-S OF THE XX century)

In the article the author reveals the dominant trends in the development of the higher education system in Ukraine during the 90s of the XX century: deideologization and demilitarization in the conditions of partial deindustrialization of the country, transition from elite to mass higher education, humanization of the educational process and humanization of the professional training structure, the emergence of the private sector and diversification of funding sources. In the article the author reveals the dominant trends in the development of the higher education system in Ukraine during the 90s of the XX century: deideologization and demilitarization in the conditions of partial deindustrialization of the country, transition from elite to mass higher education, humanization of the educational process and humanization of the professional training structure, the emergence of the private sector and diversification of funding sources.