Adsorptive hydrogen chloride and combined hydrogen chloride–hydrogen sulphide removal from biogas for solid oxide fuel cell application

In order to reduce the toxic effect on solid oxide fuel cells performance caused by biogas contaminated with hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulphide, the purification of biogas is essential. Adsorptive gas purification is a highly auspicious technology to provide pollution-free biogas for solid oxide fuel cell-based power units. In this work the authors examined the influence of different parameters onto the adsorption capacity of three commercially available sorbents. Experimental runs in a laboratory glass downflow fixed-bed reactor were carried out to analyse the adsorption capacity of a potassium carbonate impregnated activated carbon and two sorbents based on a mixture of aluminium oxide and silicon dioxide. Hydrogen chloride removal was accomplished with the impregnated activated carbon and metal oxide-based sorbents. Hydrogen chloride adsorption capacity was analysed under space velocities 8000 and 16,000 h−1. In addition, the effect of a hydrogen chloride inlet concentration of 100 and 1000 ppmv was investigated. Furthermore, pellets in the size of 3–4 mm in diameter were crushed into a fraction between 500 and 1000 µm to investigate the influence of particle size on hydrogen chloride adsorption capacity. Additionally, the combined adsorption of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulphide was realized using the impregnated activated carbon. The experimental runs and the results obtained in this work provide useful data for designing an adsorption reactor to clean up biogas and optimizing the process.

Download Full-text

Enhancing the Power Output of Direct Carbon Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Using Ba‐Loaded Activated Carbon Fuel

Energy Technology ◽

10.1002/ente.201800885 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 1800885 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Huiqin Tang ◽

Fangyong Yu ◽

Yishang Wang ◽

Yujiao Xie ◽

Xiuxia Meng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Fuel Cell ◽

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽

Power Output ◽

Solid Oxide ◽

Oxide Fuel

Download Full-text

Reversible poisoning of nickel/zirconia solid oxide fuel cell anodes by hydrogen chloride in coal gas

Journal of Power Sources ◽

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.05.006 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 195 (20) ◽

pp. 7033-7037 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

O.A. Marina ◽

L.R. Pederson ◽

E.C. Thomsen ◽

C.A. Coyle ◽

K.J. Yoon

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽

Hydrogen Chloride ◽

Solid Oxide ◽

Oxide Fuel ◽

Coal Gas ◽

Fuel Cell Anodes

Download Full-text

Solid oxide fuel cell anode degradation by the effect of hydrogen chloride in stack and single cell environments

Journal of Power Sources ◽

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.07.003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 326 ◽

pp. 349-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Hossein Madi ◽

Andrea Lanzini ◽

Davide Papurello ◽

Stefan Diethelm ◽

Christian Ludwig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽

Single Cell ◽

Hydrogen Chloride ◽

Solid Oxide ◽

Oxide Fuel ◽

Anode Degradation ◽

Cell Anode ◽

Fuel Cell Anode

Download Full-text

A high performance direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell fueled by Ca-loaded activated carbon

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy ◽

10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.03.229 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (33) ◽

pp. 21167-21176 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Weizi Cai ◽

Jiang Liu ◽

Fangyong Yu ◽

Qian Zhou ◽

Yapeng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Fuel Cell ◽

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽

High Performance ◽

Solid Oxide ◽

Oxide Fuel

Download Full-text

Operating Microtubular SOFCS With Hydrogen Chloride and Hydrogen Sulfide Containing Fuels and Synthetic Wood Gas

Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology ◽

10.1115/1.2205361 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 280-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Gerhard Buchinger ◽

Paul Hinterreiter ◽

Thomas Raab ◽

Stefan Griesser ◽

Richard Claassen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Fuel Cells ◽

Fuel Cell ◽

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽

Hydrogen Chloride ◽

Hydrogen Sulphide ◽

Solid Oxide ◽

Pure Hydrogen ◽

Oxide Fuel ◽

Pyrolysis Gas

Solid oxide fuel cells are known to be able to handle a large variety of different fuels. Because of the greenhouse effect the use of carbon dioxide neutral gases or liquids are of special interest. In this context wood-gas has a big potential to be an alternative fuel for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The gas is generated by a fluidized bed steam gasifier and consists of various components such as 25 Vol % carbon monoxide, 20 Vol % carbon dioxide, 10 Vol % methane, 2.5 Vol % ethylene, 0.5 Vol % propylene, 2 Vol % nitrogen, and the rest hydrogen (values in dry state). The water concentration of the original pyrolysis gas is about 35 Vol %. Besides these main ingredients there are of course many impurities like dust, tars, ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, and hydrogen chloride present in the product gas. Especially the last two ones may lead to degeneration of the fuel cell anode and must therefore be almost totally removed before feeding the gas into the cell. In order to reduce energy losses, hot gas cleaning systems are favored. This, however, limits the possibility to reduce the impurity concentrations to very low levels. Therefore the aim of this work is to define the maximum acceptable output concentrations for the hydrogen chloride adsorber also in combination with hydrogen sulphide, since for a micro-tubular SOFC there are as yet hardly any data available. In order to determine the influence of the hydrogen chloride on the performance of the fuel cell, different concentrations of this impurity were fed to the cell. Here, also the flow rate was changed while the electrochemical output was determined. In addition it was analyzed if there were any effects when changing from pure hydrogen to the HCl containing fuel. This was investigated at 1123 K and 1173 K, which are the preferred working temperatures for our cells. Cooling down as well as heating up procedures were tested with cells between 1173 K and 573 K. In a second series of experiments, combinations of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulphide of variable concentrations were tested. As before, changing between pure hydrogen and the acid containing fuel at above given temperatures was analyzed by determining the cell performance. In parallel to the above experiments, synthetic wood gas was used for operating the microtubular fuel cell while monitoring the electrochemical output with time.

Download Full-text