Reviews : J.K.J. Thomson, Clermont-de-Lodève 1633-1789: Fluctuations in the prosperity of a Languedocian cloth-making town, Cambridge, C.U.P., 1982. xii + 502pp. £32.50. C. Jones, Charity and Bienfaisance: The treatment of the poor in the Montpellier region, 1740-1815, Cambndge, C.U.P., 1982. xv + 317pp. £25.00

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olwen Hufton
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
M. Osumi ◽  
N. Yamada ◽  
T. Nagatani

Even though many early workers had suggested the use of lower voltages to increase topographic contrast and to reduce specimen charging and beam damage, we did not usually operate in the conventional scanning electron microscope at low voltage because of the poor resolution, especially of bioligical specimens. However, the development of the “in-lens” field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) has led to marked inprovement in resolution, especially in the range of 1-5 kV, within the past year. The probe size has been cumulated to be 0.7nm in diameter at 30kV and about 3nm at 1kV. We have been trying to develop techniques to use this in-lens FESEM at low voltage (LVSEM) for direct observation of totally uncoated biological specimens and have developed the LVSEM method for the biological field.


Author(s):  
Patrick Echlin

A number of papers have appeared recently which purport to have carried out x-ray microanalysis on fully frozen hydrated samples. It is important to establish reliable criteria to be certain that a sample is in a fully hydrated state. The morphological appearance of the sample is an obvious parameter because fully hydrated samples lack the detailed structure seen in their freeze dried counterparts. The electron scattering by ice within a frozen-hydrated section and from the surface of a frozen-hydrated fracture face obscures cellular detail. (Fig. 1G and 1H.) However, the morphological appearance alone can be quite deceptive for as Figures 1E and 1F show, parts of frozen-dried samples may also have the poor morphology normally associated with fully hydrated samples. It is only when one examines the x-ray spectra that an assurance can be given that the sample is fully hydrated.


1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dorman ◽  
Ingrid Cedar ◽  
Maureen Hannley ◽  
Marjorie Leek ◽  
Julie Mapes Lindholm

Computer synthesized vowels of 50- and 300-ms duration were presented to normal-hearing listeners at a moderate and high sound pressure level (SPL). Presentation at the high SPL resulted in poor recognition accuracy for vowels of a duration (50 ms) shorter than the latency of the acoustic stapedial reflex. Presentation level had no effect on recognition accuracy for vowels of sufficient duration (300 ms) to elicit the reflex. The poor recognition accuracy for the brief, high intensity vowels was significantly improved when the reflex was preactivated. These results demonstrate the importance of the acoustic reflex in extending the dynamic range of the auditory system for speech recognition.


2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 113-114
Author(s):  
Nidhi Garg ◽  
Muralidhara Krishna ◽  
Madhumati S. Vaishnav ◽  
Vasanthi Nath ◽  
S. Chandraprabha ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Long Jusko
Keyword(s):  

1968 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 412-412
Author(s):  
Ralph Heine
Keyword(s):  

1971 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 364-365
Author(s):  
DANA BRAMEL
Keyword(s):  

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