scholarly journals Algorithmic Pollution: Making the Invisible Visible

2021 ◽  
pp. 026839622110103
Author(s):  
Olivera Marjanovic ◽  
Dubravka Cecez-Kecmanovic ◽  
Richard Vidgen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Healthcare Education ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
New Type ◽  
New Research ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
The Invisible

In this paper, we focus on the growing evidence of unintended harmful societal effects of automated algorithmic decision-making (AADM) in transformative services (e.g., social welfare, healthcare, education, policing and criminal justice), for individuals, communities and society at large. Drawing from the long-established research on social pollution, in particular its contemporary ‘pollution-as-harm’ notion, we put forward a claim - and provide evidence - that these harmful effects constitute a new type of digital social pollution, which we name ‘algorithmic pollution’. Words do matter, and by using the term ‘pollution’, not as a metaphor or an analogy, but as a transformative redefinition of the digital harm performed by AADM, we seek to make it visible and recognized. By adopting a critical performative perspective, we explain how the execution of AADM produces harm and thus performs algorithmic pollution. Recognition of the potential for unintended harmful effects of algorithmic pollution, and their examination as such, leads us to articulate the need for transformative actions to prevent, detect, redress, mitigate, and educate about algorithmic harm. These actions, in turn, open up new research challenges for the information systems community.

scholarly journals Algorithmic Pollution: Making the Invisible Visible

2021 ◽  
pp. 026839622199967
Author(s):  
Olivera Marjanovic ◽  
Dubravka Cecez-Kecmanovic ◽  
Richard Vidgen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Healthcare Education ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
New Type ◽  
New Research ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
The Invisible

In this paper, we focus on the growing evidence of unintended harmful societal effects of automated algorithmic decision-making (AADM) in transformative services (e.g., social welfare, healthcare, education, policing and criminal justice), for individuals, communities and society at large. Drawing from the long-established research on social pollution, in particular its contemporary ‘pollution-as-harm’ notion, we put forward a claim, and provide evidence, that these harmful effects constitute a new type of digital social pollution, which we name ‘algorithmic pollution’. Words do matter, and by using the term ‘pollution’, not as a metaphor, but as a transformative redefinition of the digital harm performed by AADM, we seek to make it visible and recognized. By adopting a critical performative perspective, we explain how the execution of AADM produces harm and thus performs algorithmic pollution. Recognition of the potential for unintended harmful effects of algorithmic pollution, and their examination as such, leads us to articulate the need for transformative actions to prevent, detect, redress, mitigate, and educate about algorithmic harm. These actions, in turn, open up new research challenges for the information systems community.

Consumer Information Systems Research Agenda

2017 ◽  
pp. 140-153
Author(s):  
Tuure Tuunanen ◽  
Michael David Myers
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Systems Development ◽  
Consumer Information ◽  
Information Systems Development ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Requirements Discovery ◽  
New Type ◽  
New Research

We suggest that a new type of information system appears to be increasing in importance, that of consumer information systems. Compared with traditional information systems development approaches, where the focus is on improving the efficiency and effectiveness of organizational processes, design for consumer information systems focuses more on the enjoyment, pleasure and purchases of the consumer. We argue that the shift in focus from users to consumers in consumer information systems calls for a significant re-appraisal of our current information systems development methods. Hence, this chapter proposes a new research agenda for IS researchers focusing on the development of consumer information systems. The expected contributions include new insights into effective management processes for service design, a better understanding of issues of integration of information systems development practices used to develop consumer information systems, and the development of methods for requirements discovery for service innovation.

Informed Decision Making With Enterprise Dynamic Systems Control

2019 ◽  
pp. 694-707
Author(s):  
Sérgio Luís Guerreiro
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Requirements Elicitation ◽  
Informed Decision ◽  
Informed Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Complexity ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Open Research

Information systems are designed, implemented, and managed using abstractions layers to cope with the huge organizational complexity that is nowadays posed, and also to facilitate the discussion between the different stakeholders of an organization that have diverse perspectives and interpretations of it. Those discussions drive to the classical requirements elicitation stage that aims at identifying the best short-, mid-, or long-term models to view, understand, and operate the organization and to facilitate the forthcoming IS transformations. This chapter conceptualizes and identifies open research challenges in the scope of informed decision making applied to business processes execution environments. Control is used to cope the workarounds that occur while actors operate. A workaround occurs when an actor decides to adapt, improvise, or perform other changes to one or more aspects of an existing model. In some situations, a workaround could indicate new, and innovative, ways of actors performing their duties. It is not necessarily harmful for the organization.

Informed Decision Making With Enterprise Dynamic Systems Control

2018 ◽  
pp. 2154-2165
Author(s):  
Sérgio Luís Guerreiro
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Requirements Elicitation ◽  
Informed Decision ◽  
Informed Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Complexity ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Open Research

The information systems are designed, implemented and managed using abstractions layers to cope with the huge organizational complexity that is nowadays posed and also to facilitate the discussion between the different stakeholders of an organization that have diverse perspectives and interpretations of it. Those discussions drive to the classical requirements elicitation stage that aims at identifying the best short-, mid- or long-term models to view, understand and operate the organization and to facilitate the forthcoming IS transformations. This article conceptualizes and identifies open research challenges in the scope of informed decision-making applied to business processes execution environments. Control is used to cope the workarounds that occur while actors operate. A workaround occurs when an actor decide to adapt, improvise, or perform other change to one or more aspects of an existing model. In some situations, a workaround could indicate new, and innovative, ways of actors performing their duties. It is not necessarily harmful for the organization.

Consumer Information Systems Development

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Tuure Tuunanen ◽  
Michael D. Myers ◽  
Harold Cassab
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Systems Development ◽  
Consumer Information ◽  
Information Systems Development ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Requirements Discovery ◽  
New Type ◽  
New Research

We suggest that a new type of information system appears to be increasing in importance, that of consumer information systems. Compared with traditional information systems development approaches, where the focus is on improving the efficiency and effectiveness of organizational processes, design for consumer information systems focuses more on the enjoyment, pleasure and purchases of the consumer. We argue that the shift in focus from users to consumers in consumer information systems calls for a significant re-appraisal of our current information systems development methods. Hence, this chapter proposes a new research agenda for IS researchers focusing on the development of consumer information systems. We plan to pursue this agenda by primarily using design science research, supplemented by other research methods as needed. The expected contributions include new insights into effective management processes for service design, a better understanding of issues of integration of information systems development practices used to develop consumer information systems, and the development of methods for requirements discovery for service innovation. These three components aim to contribute to a holistic evaluation of consumer information systems.

Effectivness of Health Information System Applications: Clinical Information and Diagnosis-Treatment Systems in Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Assist. Prof. Dr. Demokaan DEMİREL
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information System ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Management Information System ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Information System ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Clinical Information Systems ◽  
Management Information

The distinctive quality of the new social structure is that information becomes the only factor of production. In today's organizations, public administrators are directly responsible for applying information to administrative processes. In addition to his managerial responsibilities, a knowledge based organization requires every employee to take responsibility for achieving efficiency. This has increased the importance of information systems in the decision-making process. Information systems consist of computer and communication technology, data base management and model management and include activity processing system, management information system, decision support systems, senior management information system, expert systems and office automation systems. Information systems in the health sector aim at the management and provision of preventive and curative health services. The use of information systems in healthcare has the benefits of increasing service quality, shortening treatment processes, maximizing efficiency of the time, labour and medical devices. The use of information systems for clinical decision making and reducing medical errors in the healthcare industry dates back to the 1960s. Clinical information systems involve processing, storing and re-accessing information that supports patient care in a hospital. Clinical information systems are systems that are directly or indirectly related to patient care. These systems include electronic health/patient records, clinical decision support systems, nurse information systems, patient tracking systems, tele-medicine, case mix and smart card applications. Diagnosis-treatment systems are information-based systems used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. It consists of laboratory information systems, picture archiving and communication system, pharmacy information system, radiology information system, nuclear medicine information system. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of health information system applications in Turkey. The first part of the study focuses on the concept of information systems and the types of information systems in organization structures. In the second part, clinical information systems and applications for diagnosis-treatment systems in Turkey are examined. Finally, the study evaluates applications in the health sector qualitatively from the new organizational structure, which is formed by information systems.

What do new neuroscience discoveries in children mean for their open future?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl D. Lew
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Moral Agency ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Open Future ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Pediatric Ethics ◽  
Pediatric Decision Making ◽  
New Research ◽  
Pediatric Healthcare

Over the last decade, the number of neuroimaging and other neuroscience studies on the developing brain from fetal life through adolescence has increased exponentially. Children are viewed as particularly vulnerable members of our society and observations of significant neural structural changes associated with behavioral anomalies raise numerous ethical concerns around personal identity, free will, and the possibility of an open future. This chapter provides a review of recent research in the pediatric neuroscience literature, common pediatric decision-making, and social justice models, and discusses the implications of this research for the future of pediatric ethics thinking and policy. New research presents challenges to professional and pediatric bioethicist views of the moral future of children in pediatric healthcare and opportunities to examine anew notions of how to consider the developing moral agency of children.

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