A Content Analysis of American Primetime Television: A 20-Year Update of the National Television Violence Studies

This article provides a 20-year, apples-to-apples update of the National Television Violence Studies. Using the same sampling procedures and codebook, we coded 765 primetime television programs and movies airing on 21 broadcast and cable networks. Results suggest the prevalence of violence has increased slightly, but the number of programs saturated with violence has experienced a more significant increase. This appears to be driven by an influx of highly violent movies airing in primetime on cable channels. Although some contextual variables suggest slight improvements in terms of negative consequences for violence, the overwhelming majority of violent television programs and movies do not feature anti-violence themes. Implications for social cognitive, cultivation, schema, transportation, and media vividness theories are discussed.

Nationality (Justice and Crime Coverage)

The variable provides information on whether the nationality of the (alleged) victims and/or perpetrator is mentioned in connection with crimes and offences. Research shows that minorities are disproportionately more often depicted as perpetrators than as victims (Hestermann, 2010; Vinson & Ertter, 2002). Field of application/theoretical foundation: The variable “nationality of the (alleged) victim or perpetrator” is of particular relevance in the context of debates on media ethics and legal philosophy. It is mainly used in the field of media effects research (stereotype and cultivation research, see Arendt, 2010). Example study: Hestermann (2010) Info about variable Variable name/definition: nationality [Nationalität] Level of analysis: mentioned (alleged) victim and perpetrator in the report Values: Nationality of the victim & perpetrator Nicht genannt Deutsch Ausländisch Ausdrücklich unbekannt Trifft nicht zu Intercoder reliability: Nationality of the victim 0.94; Nationality of the perpetrator 0.98 (2 Coder). What exact coefficient has been calculated has not been reported. Codebook: available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv941tf9.12 References Arendt, F. (2010). Cultivation effects of a newspaper on reality estimates, explicit and implicit attitudes. Journal of Media Psychology, 22, 147–159. Hestermann, T. (2010). Fernsehgewalt und die Einschaltquote: Welches Publikumsbild Fernsehschaffende leitet, wenn sie über Gewaltkriminalität berichten. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. [Television violence and ratings: Which picture of the audience leads television makers when they report on violent crime]. Vinson, C. D., & Ertter, J. S. (2002). Entertainment or Education: How Do Media Cover the Courts? Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 7(4), S. 80–97.

Impact of violent television serial on aggression among adolescents: psychosocial study

Background: Now days, just about any time you are turn on the TV you are seen with a barrage of violent scene and images including aggressive behavior, explosions, war casualties and suicide bombings. Many social psychologist conducted research about television violence and aggression among adolescents. American adolescents watching average of between four and five hours of television shows daily. As the conclusions, television violence and adolescents has become a violent serials and shows. Studies show extensive watching of television violence may cause adolescents to become more aggressive behavior and anxious.Methods: The study was community based cross-sectional with psychosocial designed and was carried out in an urban area of Jalgaon. The population of the research was chosen from secondary school students from the different public school of Jalgaon city.Results: The research sample consists of 640 students (320 boys and 320 girls). Purposive sampling method of sampling was used for selection of data. The investigator was used Aggression questionnaire developed by Dr. Buss and Perry to collect the necessary data.Conclusions: This study concluded that adolescents who watch violent TV serials are more aggressive than the adolescents who watch Non-violent TV serials. Second, Government school adolescents are aggressive than private school adolescents. Third is Male are aggressive than female adolescents. Then, Rural area adolescents are aggressive than urban area adolescents.

Relationship between Television Violence and Social Aggression a Study Conducted on Youth of Rural Areas of Punjab

This study investigates the relationship between television violence and the social aggression of youth of rural areas of Punjab. This study is helpful to examine the exposure and attitude toward television violence of rural area youth of Punjab. This study also examined the impact of television violence on the social aggression of youth. Cross-sectional research design is used in this study and data was collected from the youth of the rural areas of nine divisions of Punjab. A total of 344 respondents were taken as sample size and a stratified sampling technique is used for data collection from the concerned population. The results of this study are generated through statistical software SPSS and Smart PLS. It was hypothesized that exposure toward television violence and the social aggression of youth have a positive relationship. The statistical test results show positive relationship among all hypotheses. So findings of the study help to conclude that exposure, attitude, and cognition toward television violence has an impact on the social aggression of youth of rural areas of Punjab.

Soap-opera, Parental Mediation, Perceived Reality and Antisocial Behavior

Many attentions have been spotted to the potential drive and effect of television on anti-social behavior. The main argument lies on the frequent repetition of intense violent showed by television soap opera. Previous studies showed that children with heavy viewing habit of violent soap-operas were tend to imitate anti-social behavior. Children were considered to have limited skill to differentiate facts and fictions from television content, and this is where parental mediation (restrictive, active, or viewing) should take place to moderate the impact of television violence. The research was intended to explain the effect of watching soap-opera, parental mediation, and perceived reality on anti-social behavior of children. Using survey method, the study non-randomly collect data from children of age 10-12 years old in Semarang. Research finding shows considerable effect of soap-opera viewing, and perceived reality on anti-social behavior of children. However, no effect of parental mediation appeared on anti-social behavior of children.