Correlations between sensory-motor functions and motor performance measured by optoelectronic kinesiology in 75-year-olds

Animals behave adaptively in diverse environments. Adaptive behavior, which is one of intelligent sensory-motor functions, is disturbed in patients with neurological disorders. Mechanisms for the generation of intelligent adaptive behaviors are not well understood. Such an adaptive function is considered to emerge from the interaction of the body, brain, and environment, which requires that a subject acts or moves. Intelligence for generating adaptive motor functions is thus called mobiligence. This special issue features papers dealing with mobiligence. The 18 papers were selected after a thorough peer review. The scope of these papers extends from analytical studies close to biology to synthetic studies close to engineering. Subjects are diverse – insects, monkeys, human beings, robots, networks. All papers play a part in mobiligence studies. We thank the Editorial Board of Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics for giving us the opportunity for publishing this special issue. We also thank the authors for their perseverance and expertise, and deeply appreciate the timely and helpful comments of the reviewers.

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Sensory-motor performance in seven-year-old children born extremely preterm

Early Human Development ◽

10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.03.012 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 120 ◽

pp. 10-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Piia Lönnberg ◽

Ulla Niutanen ◽

L. Diane Parham ◽

Elina Wolford ◽

Sture Andersson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Performance ◽

Extremely Preterm ◽

Sensory Motor

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Cognitive and Motor Loops of the Human Cerebro-cerebellar System

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn.2009.21382 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 2663-2676 ◽

Cited By ~ 150

Author(s):

Juha Salmi ◽

Karen Johanne Pallesen ◽

Tuomas Neuvonen ◽

Elvira Brattico ◽

Antti Korvenoja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Load ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Cognitive Task ◽

Memory Task ◽

Diffusion Weighted Mri ◽

Motor Functions ◽

Diffusion Weighted ◽

Sensory Motor ◽

Load Increase ◽

Crus I

We applied fMRI and diffusion-weighted MRI to study the segregation of cognitive and motor functions in the human cerebro-cerebellar system. Our fMRI results show that a load increase in a nonverbal auditory working memory task is associated with enhanced brain activity in the parietal, dorsal premotor, and lateral prefrontal cortices and in lobules VII–VIII of the posterior cerebellum, whereas a sensory-motor control task activated the motor/somatosensory, medial prefrontal, and posterior cingulate cortices and lobules V/VI of the anterior cerebellum. The load-dependent activity in the crus I/II had a specific relationship with cognitive performance: This activity correlated negatively with load-dependent increase in RTs. This correlation between brain activity and RTs was not observed in the sensory-motor task in the activated cerebellar regions. Furthermore, probabilistic tractography analysis of the diffusion-weighted MRI data suggests that the tracts between the cerebral and the cerebellar areas exhibiting cognitive load-dependent and sensory-motor activity are mainly projected via separated pontine (feed-forward tracts) and thalamic (feedback tracts) nuclei. The tractography results also indicate that the crus I/II in the posterior cerebellum is linked with the lateral prefrontal areas activated by cognitive load increase, whereas the anterior cerebellar lobe is not. The current results support the view that cognitive and motor functions are segregated in the cerebellum. On the basis of these results and theories of the function of the cerebellum, we suggest that the posterior cerebellar activity during a demanding cognitive task is involved with optimization of the response speed.

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