Cognitive task during fatiguing exercise increases the sensory-motor performance in professional dancers

We applied fMRI and diffusion-weighted MRI to study the segregation of cognitive and motor functions in the human cerebro-cerebellar system. Our fMRI results show that a load increase in a nonverbal auditory working memory task is associated with enhanced brain activity in the parietal, dorsal premotor, and lateral prefrontal cortices and in lobules VII–VIII of the posterior cerebellum, whereas a sensory-motor control task activated the motor/somatosensory, medial prefrontal, and posterior cingulate cortices and lobules V/VI of the anterior cerebellum. The load-dependent activity in the crus I/II had a specific relationship with cognitive performance: This activity correlated negatively with load-dependent increase in RTs. This correlation between brain activity and RTs was not observed in the sensory-motor task in the activated cerebellar regions. Furthermore, probabilistic tractography analysis of the diffusion-weighted MRI data suggests that the tracts between the cerebral and the cerebellar areas exhibiting cognitive load-dependent and sensory-motor activity are mainly projected via separated pontine (feed-forward tracts) and thalamic (feedback tracts) nuclei. The tractography results also indicate that the crus I/II in the posterior cerebellum is linked with the lateral prefrontal areas activated by cognitive load increase, whereas the anterior cerebellar lobe is not. The current results support the view that cognitive and motor functions are segregated in the cerebellum. On the basis of these results and theories of the function of the cerebellum, we suggest that the posterior cerebellar activity during a demanding cognitive task is involved with optimization of the response speed.

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The Effects of Vestibular Stimulation on the Sensory-Motor Performance of Handicapped Individuals: A Critical Review of the Literature

Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/000841748405100303 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 121-125

Author(s):

Michael A. Cass

Keyword(s):

Critical Review ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Vestibular Stimulation ◽

Future Research ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Linear Forms ◽

Sensory Motor ◽

The Impact

The purpose of this article was to critically examine the literature dealing with the impact of vestibular stimulation on the sensory-motor performance of individuals evidencing handicapping conditions. The research examined consisted of studies in which vestibular stimulation was employed in conjunction with other intervention procedures and studies in which either angular or linear forms of vestibular stimulation were used as the sole form of treatment. Evidence supporting the supposition that vestibular stimulation enhances the sensory-motor performance of handicapped individuals was found to be tentative at best, and possible directions for future research were indicated.

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Abstract WMP42: Astrocyte Specific rAAV-mediated Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Expression in Aging Female Rats Increases Post-Stroke Survival and Sensory Motor Performance

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.47.suppl_1.wmp42 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Andre K Okoreeh ◽

Shameena Bake ◽

Farida Sohrabji

Keyword(s):

Motor Performance ◽

Low Dose ◽

Female Rats ◽

Specific Gene ◽

High Dose ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Post Surgery ◽

Virus Serotype ◽

Sensory Motor

Background and Purpose: Our previous work shows that middle aged female rats sustain larger strokes as compared to younger female rats. With age, circulating and brain parenchymal levels of IGF-1 are reduced. Exogenous IGF-1 treatment improves infarct volume in aging females. Our recent studies show that astrocytes from aging females synthesize less IGF-1. Here we tested the hypothesis that elevation of astrocyte derived IGF-1 would improve stroke impairment in older female rats. Methods: Middle-aged (10-12 month old; acyclic) female rats were injected with adeno-associated virus serotype 5 (rAAV5) into the cortex and striatum. rAAV5 was packaged with the coding sequence of the IGF-1 gene downstream of an astrocyte-specific gene (GFAP). The construct contained the mCherry reporter gene. Control rAAV consisted of an identical shuttle vector construct without the IGF-1 gene. In separate experiments, two titers of virus were injected: high dose (5 X 10 12 VP/mL) or low dose (5 X 10 11 VP/mL). Three to four weeks after injection, middle-cerebral artery occlusion via an intraluminal suture for ninety minutes was performed followed by reperfusion. Post-surgery survival was monitored as well as sensory motor function using the vibrissae evoked forelimb placement task. Results: Specificity of IGF-1 expression was confirmed by visualization of the mCherry reporter under fluorescent illumination and immunohistochemistry. Post stroke survival was improved in animals that received the high dose rAAV-IGF-1 animals a 5-day period (p<0.001). Low dose rAAV-IGF-1 did not affect post stroke survival, however sensory motor performance was preserved in this group. In low dose control animals, ischemic stroke impaired performance on the vibrissae evoked forelimb placement task. Impairment was seen in the same-side and cross-midline task performance on the limb contralateral to the infarct and cross midline task on the limb ipsilateral to the infarcted side (p<0.05). No significant deficits were seen in the rAAV-IGF-1 low dose treated animals. Conclusion: These data support the hypothesis that increasing astrocytic IGF-1 in aging females improves post stroke survival and behavior outcomes.

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Relation of Motor Performance to Perceived Movement in Rorschach Inkblots

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1964.19.3.675 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 675-684 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Arthur Willner ◽

Ira Belmont

Keyword(s):

Motor Activity ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Inverse Relationship ◽

Sensory Motor ◽

Relational Concept

The present study examined the claim that an inverse relationship exists between the perception of movement and the production of motor activity. Since studies of motor activity and of perceived movement indicated that each is multidimensional in character, it was hypothesized, and the results obtained confirmed the fact, that no such inverse relationship exists. It was concluded that no simple inter-relational concept such as proposed by Herman Rorschach and by the Werner-Wapner sensory-tonic theory can be used as the basis for examining complex sensory and sensory-motor interactions.

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Acetyl-l-carnitine 1: Effects on mortality, pathology and sensory-motor performance in aging rats

Neurobiology of Aging ◽

10.1016/0197-4580(90)90109-d ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 491-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Alicja L. Markowska ◽

Donald K. Ingram ◽

Carol A. Barnes ◽

Edward L. Spangler ◽

Vincent J. Lemken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Performance ◽

Aging Rats ◽

Sensory Motor

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Cross-modal plasticity among sensory networks in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458518778008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (7) ◽

pp. 968-979 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maria Assunta Rocca ◽

Filippo Savoldi ◽

Paola Valsasina ◽

Marta Radaelli ◽

Paolo Preziosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neuromyelitis Optica ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Network Connectivity ◽

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders ◽

Connectivity Analysis ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Opposite Trend ◽

Sensory Motor ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Visual Network

Objective: To explore resting-state (RS) functional connectivity (FC) of the main sensory/motor networks of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs), clinically isolated optic neuritis (ON), and myelitis. Methods: Clinical evaluation and RS fMRI were obtained from 28 NMOSD, 11 recurrent ON, and 12 recurrent myelitis patients and 30 healthy controls. Between-group RS FC comparisons and correlations with motor performance were assessed (SPM12) on the main sensory/motor RS networks (RSNs) identified by independent component analysis. Functional network connectivity analysis estimated inter-network connectivity. Results: Intra- and inter-network RS FCs were reduced in RSNs associated to somatosensory modalities affected by pathology: regions of the primary visual network in ON patients, of the sensorimotor networks in myelitis patients, and of the sensorimotor and secondary visual networks in NMOSD patients. The opposite trend was observed in regions of RSNs spared by pathology: the auditory and part of visual networks in NMOSD, the secondary visual and sensorimotor networks in ON, and the primary visual network in myelitis patients. Better motor performance correlated with higher RS FC of spared RSNs. Conclusion: Sensory and motor RSN abnormalities occur in NMOSD. Loss of function within disease–target networks may elicit cross-modal plasticity across sensory networks potentially preserving clinical function.

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Corticomuscular coherence with and without additional task in the elderly

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.01079.2011 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 112 (6) ◽

pp. 970-981 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Ashley N. Johnson ◽

Minoru Shinohara

Keyword(s):

Motor Performance ◽

Cognitive Task ◽

Cognitive Tasks ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Alpha Band ◽

Elderly Adults ◽

Beta Band ◽

Dual Tasks ◽

Corticomuscular Coherence ◽

Fine Motor Performance

Aging and dual-task paradigms often degrade fine motor performance, but the effects of aging on correlated neural activity between motor cortex and contracting muscle are unknown during dual tasks requiring fine motor performance. The purpose of this study was to compare corticomuscular coherence between young and elderly adults during the performance of a unilateral fine motor task and concurrent motor and cognitive tasks. Twenty-nine healthy young (18–38 yr) and elderly (61–75 yr) adults performed unilateral motor, bilateral motor, concurrent motor-cognitive, and cognitive tasks. Peak corticomuscular coherence between the electroencephalogram from the primary motor cortex and surface electromyogram from the first dorsal interosseous muscle was compared during steady abduction of the index finger with visual feedback. In the alpha-band (8–14 Hz), corticomuscular coherence was greater in elderly than young adults especially during the motor-cognitive task. The beta-band (15–32 Hz) corticomuscular coherence was higher in elderly than young adults across unilateral motor and dual tasks. In addition, beta-band corticomuscular coherence in the motor-cognitive task was negatively correlated with motor output error across young but not elderly adults. The results suggest that 1) corticomuscular coherence was increased in senior age with a greater influence of an additional cognitive task in the alpha-band and 2) individuals with greater beta-band corticomuscular coherence may exhibit more accurate motor output in young, but not elderly adults, during steady contraction with visual feedback.

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Dual-Task Walking in Challenging Environments in People with Stroke: Cognitive-Motor Interference and Task Prioritization

Stroke Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2018/7928597 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Celine Timmermans ◽

Melvyn Roerdink ◽

Thomas W. J. Janssen ◽

Carel G. M. Meskers ◽

Peter J. Beek

Keyword(s):

Dual Task ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Cognitive Task ◽

Repeated Measures Design ◽

Physical Context ◽

Cognitive Task Performance ◽

Task Prioritization ◽

Walking Environment ◽

And Task

Cognitive-motor interference may contribute to the risk of falling in people with stroke, as may be the associated phenomenon of inappropriate task prioritization. Examining dual-task walking could provide valuable insights as to how to best evaluate and treat walking in people with stroke. This study aimed to examine the effect of different walking environments on cognitive-motor interference and task prioritization in dual-task walking in people with stroke. Using a repeated-measures design, cognitive-motor interference and task prioritization were assessed in 30 stroke survivors, while walking in a plain environment and in two challenging environments that were enriched with either stationary physical context or suddenly appearing projector-augmented context. All three walking environment conditions were performed with and without a concurrent serial-3 subtraction task. We found stronger cognitive-motor interference for the two challenging environments than for the plain walking environment. Cognitive-motor interference did not differ between challenging walking environments, but task prioritization did: motor performance was prioritized more in the environment with physical context than in the environment with projector-augmented context and vice versa for cognitive-task performance. In conclusion, walking environment strongly influenced cognitive-motor interference and task prioritization during dual-task walking in people with stroke.

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