Double Blind Evaluation of the Effects of Various Contrast Media on Extremity Veins in the Dog

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Laerum ◽  
L. P. Dehner ◽  
J. Rysavy ◽  
K. Amplatz
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Human Endothelium ◽  
Extremity Veins

Canine superficial extremity veins were examined grossly and microscopically in a double blind fashion for endothelial damage and phlebitis one hour and four days after the injection of ionic monomeric or dimeric, and non-ionic monomeric, 300 mg I/ml, contrast media. Superficial veins of all four extremities and the tail vein were injected with the same amounts of contrast medium after application of tourniquets for 20 minutes following the injections. Silver staining and prefixation of the veins were done in situ. The specimens were evaluated together with cross-sectioned, hematoxylin-eosin stained biopsies. On the basis of a randomized study of 77 dogs, endothelial damage or thrombosis caused by various contrast media as seen in man was not demonstrated. This may be due to species differences. It is postulated that canine endothelium may have a higher resistance to contrast medium injury than human endothelium.

Oral Contrast Media in CT of the Abdomen

1995 ◽  
Vol 36 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 396-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lönnemark ◽  
Anders Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Contrast Effect ◽  
Oral Contrast ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
Patient Tolerance ◽  
Bowel Opacification ◽  
Oral Contrast Media

In a double blind randomised study 3 different concentrations of iohexol for bowel opacification at CT of the abdomen were compared. Iohexol in a concentration of 4.5 mg I/ml, 6.75 mg I/ml and 9 mg I/ml was used. No significant differences between the 3 preparations of contrast media were found regarding the contrast effect, the distribution or patient tolerance. When using iohexol as a bowel contrast medium at CT the concentration of 4.5 mg I/ml is sufficient for bowel opacification.

Double Blind Evaluation of the Effects of Various Contrast Media on Extremity Veins in the Dog

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frode Laerum ◽  
L. P. Dehner ◽  
J. Rysavy ◽  
K. Amplatz
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Extremity Veins

Water-Soluble Contrast Media in Radiography of Small Bowel Obstruction

1988 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stordahl ◽  
F. Laerum ◽  
T. Gjølberg ◽  
I. Enge
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Small Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Peritoneal Adhesions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Better Than

Fifty patients with possible gastrointestinal obstruction, referred for enteric follow-through examination, were randomized for a double-blind, parallel comparison of the hyperosmolar contrast medium Gastrografin and the low-osmolar Omnipaque. The result was that Omnipaque retained its radiographic density in the small bowel better than Gastrografin. Omnipaque was thus a better alternative than Gastrografin in follow-through examinations of intestinal obstruction. Also, 23 patients out of 28 with small bowel obstruction due to peritoneal adhesions, had spontaneous relief of symptoms during the observation period following contrast medium ingestion with no significant difference between the two media. This indicated that enteric follow-through procedures may have a therapeutic efficacy similar to the treatment of small bowel obstruction using nasogastric suction and gastrointestinal rest. Possible mechanisms for this action of the contrast media are discussed.

Immediate and LAte Adverse Reactions in Coronary Angiography

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (1P1) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-G. Fransson ◽  
G. Stenport ◽  
M. Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Parallel Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blood Pressures

Purpose and Methods: In 120 patients in a double-blind, randomized, parallel study, iodixanol (Visipaque), a nonionic dimer isotonic with blood, was compared with ioxaglate (Hexabrix), an ionic low-osmolar dimer, in coronary angiography regarding early and late adverse reactions. Haemodynamic and electrophysiologic parameters were also analyzed. Results: Visipaque resulted in significantly fewer early adverse contrast medium-related reactions (p<0.05). Visipaque also demonstrated significantly fewer effects on electrophysiologic parameters. Both contrast media reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressures at the 1st injection in the left coronary artery. Late adverse reactions were unusual with both contrast media and occurred only as urticaria with a frequency of 1.7%, which is lower than reported in i.v. studies. One serious adverse reaction, a myocardial infarction in a male patient with severe cardiovascular disease, occurred in the Visipaque group. This event was considered to be procedure- and disease-related rather than related to the type of contrast medium used. Conclusion: We found Visipaque safe for coronary angiography, causing fewer early adverse reactions than Hexabrix and also fewer effects on electrophysiologic parameters. Late adverse reactions seemed to be unusual with intra-arterial administration of contrast media.

Oral Contrast Media in CT of the Abdomen

1993 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lönnemark ◽  
A. Magnusson ◽  
H. Ahlström
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Oral Contrast ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Patient Tolerance ◽  
Bowel Opacification ◽  
Oral Contrast Media

In a double-blind randomized study 3 different preparations of oral contrast media for bowel opacification at CT of the abdomen have been compared. Plain aqueous solutions of amidotrizoate (9 mg I/ml) and iohexol (9 mg I/ml) were used as well as a preparation of iohexol (9 mg I/ml) to which a viscosity-increasing agent had been added. The distribution of the contrast media in the intestine, transit time and patient tolerance were evaluated. No significant differences were found regarding the distribution between the 3 preparations of contrast media, while there was a tendency for the transit time to be increased when the viscous preparation of iohexol was used. The aqueous solution of iohexol had the best taste, while the viscous preparation was markedly more difficult to drink. Aqueous solutions of iohexol and amidotrizoate were equal for bowel opacification and the addition of the viscosity-increasing agent did not improve the distribution of the contrast medium in the intestine.

Addition of Sodium to Iohexol

1994 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Flinck ◽  
K. Selin ◽  
M. Dellborg ◽  
K. Skinningsrud ◽  
S. Ekholm
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Qrs Complex ◽  
Ecg Changes ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Nonionic Contrast Medium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vector Difference ◽  
Nonionic Contrast Media

The addition of sodium to nonionic contrast media has reduced the incidence of arrhythmias in animal models. The influence on cardiac function and safety of sodium addition to the nonionic contrast medium iohexol (Omnipaque) was studied in a randomized, double-blind trial in patients undergoing cardioangiography. Fifty-nine patients received iohexol 350 mg I/ml with NaCl 28 mmol/l and 58, iohexol only. ECG changes after contrast injections were evaluated with continuous computerized dynamic vectorcardiography (VCG). QRS-vector difference (QRS-vd), which reflects changes in the QRS-complex, was chosen as the main parameter. Both contrast media caused changes in the QRS-complex, but there was no significant difference between the two. No serious arrhythmias were observed. Both contrast media were well tolerated. No beneficial effects from enriching iohexol with sodium were found. VCG was found to be a valuable tool in the study of contrast medium-induced ECG changes.

Iodixanol in Cardioangiography in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

1993 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Kløw ◽  
K. Levorstad ◽  
K. J. Berg ◽  
U. Brodahl ◽  
K. Endresen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
Isotonic Solution ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Serum And Urine

Iodixanol is a new nonionic, dimeric contrast medium. With the addition of 18 mmol/l Na+ and 0.3 mmol/l Ca++ to iodixanol 320 mg I/ml a plasma-isotonic solution was obtained. The purpose was to evaluate the suitability of iodixanol for use in cardioangiography by determining the diagnostic efficacy, patient tolerability, and cardiac and renal side-effects. Initially, 14 patients with coronary artery disease were examined using iodixanol. A double-blind, randomized study was then performed in 72 patients, comparing iodixanol and iohexol. Serum and urine were sampled before the examination, and one and 2 days after. The diagnostic information was good and the number of adverse events low with iodixanol. The patients reported significantly less of a sensation of warmth following injection of iodixanol than iohexol. Our results also indicate that iodixanol 320 mg I/ml influences renal function to a lesser degree than does iohexol 350 mg I/ml. We therefore conclude that isotonic iodixanol is a safe contrast medium for use in cardioangiography.

Nonionic Contrast Media in Pediatric CT

1994 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-M. Wiklund ◽  
I. Brolin ◽  
K. Sjöholm
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Pediatric Radiology ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Pediatric Ct ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Nonionic Contrast Media

In pediatric radiology there is a great demand for a safe contrast medium. In this pediatric CT trial, the safety, tolerability and efficacy of 2 nonionic contrast media, iopentol (Imagopaque) and iohexol (Omnipaque), were evaluated. The study was performed as a double-blind, randomized, parallel trial, with 55 children receiving iopentol (300 mg I/ml) and 55 receiving iohexol (300 mg I/ml). The dose injected was 2 ml/kg b.w. with an upper limit of 100 ml. Blood pressure and pulse rate were recorded. Adverse events were recorded by observation of the patients up to 24 hours after the examination. No clinically or statistically significant changes occurred. Seven adverse events other than discomfort (2 in the iopentol group and 5 in the iohexol group) were reported. The overall quality of CT enhancement was good or excellent in all cases. The results support the use of iopentol as an alternative to iohexol in pediatric CT examinations.

Ex Vivo Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation in Patients with Severe Limb Arteriopathy Treated with BAY U3405, a Specific IX A2 Receptor Antagonist

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (05) ◽  
pp. 659-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bellucci ◽  
W Kedra ◽  
H Groussin ◽  
N Jaillet ◽  
P Molho-Sabatier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Peripheral Blood Flow ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Platelet Factor

SummaryA double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study with BAY U3405, a specific thromboxane A2 (TX A2) receptor blocker, was performed in patients suffering from severe stade II limb arteriopathy. BAY U3405 or placebo was administered in 16 patients at 20 mg four times a day (from day 1 to day 3). Hemostatic studies were done before therapy, and on day 2 and day 3 under therapy. On day 3, BAY U3405 was shown to induce a highly statistically significant decrease of the velocity and the intensity of the aggregations mediated by arachidonic acid (56 ± 37% for the velocity, 58 ± 26% for the intensity) or by U46619 endoperoxide analogue (36 ± 35% for the velocity, 37 ± 27% for the intensity). Similar results were already observed on day 2. By contrast, such a decrease was not noticed with ADP mediated platelet aggregation. Furthermore, plasma levels of betathrombo-globulin and platelet factor 4 remained unchanged. Peripheral hemodynamic parameters were also studied. The peripheral blood flow was measured using a Doppler ultrasound; the pain free walking distance and the total walking ability distance were determined under standardized conditions on a treadmill. These last two parameters show a trend to improvement which nevertheless was not statistically significant. All together these results encourage further in vivo studies using BAY U3405 or related compounds on a long-term administration.

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