CLINICAL AND LABORATORY JUSTIFICATION FOR USE OF POLYVALENT BACTERIOPHAGE IN TECHNIQUE OF DELAYED PRESCRIBING OF ANTIBIOTICS IN PATIENTS WITH ARS

The aim: Of research was to evaluate the effectiveness of bacteriophage in patients with acute rhinosinusitis in respect of technique of delayed prescribing of antibiotics. Materials and methods: There were examined 155 patients who were given irrigation therapy with isotonic solution of sea water 4 times a day and mometasone furoate of 100 mg twice a day for 10 days. The patients of intervention group (n - 80) were additionally prescribed the polyvalent bacteriophage endonasally, in drops of 2-10 ml 3 times a day. Results: The patients in the control group were observed the decrease in intensity of rhinorrhea, nasal congestion and post-nasal drip on the third day of supervision (p < 0.05), the reduction in bacterial load with Staphylococcus aureus, S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza and M. Catarrhalis (р <0,005), the increase of IgА and sIgA levels (p<0,005) and the reduction in prescription of antibacterial medications by 20%. Conclusions: Adding of polyvalent bacteriophage contributes to reducing the use of antibiotics and is recommended in the framework of the strategy of delayed prescribing of antibiotics.

SUBSTANTIATION OF OPTIMAL METHOD OF ATLANTIC HERRING’S SALTING PROCESS FOR SMALL-BUSINESS PRODUCTION

In this paper, we offer technological solution to produce low-salted Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) for small-business production. The method of salting in buckets consisted of two stages, including salting herring in saturated brine at a ratio of 70 (fish) : 30 (salting solution) and subsequent storage in isotonic solution. This allows speeding up the technological salting process by 2 times in comparison with the finished unsaturated method in an aqueous solution with 15% salt concentration. The possibility of secondary use of brine is shown. The shelf life of 14 days at (4 ± 2)oC was recorded for the low-salted products from Atlantic herring (C. harengus) with a mass fraction of salt (5 ± 0.5)% produced by an interrupted saturated salting method using secondary brine. The organoleptic parameters of salted Atlantic herring during the entire storage time corresponded to GOST 815 “salted herring”. Indicators that characterize the degree of maturation of salted herring, such as buffering and form-titrated nitrogen, were optimal. A technological scheme to produce low-salted herring using secondary brine and isotonic solution was developed. The proposed production technology allows to produce a high-quality low-salted product and is economically less expensive in comparison with the traditional salting method.

Investigation of frequency characteristics of biological tissues impedance

The problem of identifying informative signs of biological tissues viability using the impedance measurement method is formulated. At present there is no instrumental base that makes it possible in an operational setting to diagnose the ability of biological tissue to heal itself after injury and damage as a result of thermal exposure, gunshot wound or prolonged compression. It is shown in this article that development of methods and tools for instrumental diagnostics in medical diagnostic practice is an important modern challenge. The results of experimental measurements of impedance characteristics in the frequency range of 20 Hz – 2.0 MHz are presented. The frequency dependences of the modulus of voltage on biological tissues of plant origin are analyzed in its intact state, as well as after exposure of biological tissue samples in a freezer at time intervals from 15 minutes to 2 hours. A comparative analysis of the obtained frequency dependences is carried out. A significant difference between the frequency dependences of the voltage modulus on biological tissues and the frequency dependence of the voltage modulus on an isotonic solution is shown. The concept is introduced that the degree of difference between the frequency distribution of the biological tissue impedance module from the impedance module of an isotonic solution can serve as a criterion for assessing the degree of damage to biological tissue. A conclusion is made about the advisability of developing the impedance measurement method as a method for diagnosing the viability of biological tissue; it is shown that the most promising approach to the development of impedance measurement methods is the analysis of transient processes when biological tissue is disturbed by small electric current pulses.

Efficiency of intracavitary Levobupivacaine infusion for pain management during cystoscopic procedures: A randomized study

Aim: This study evaluated the effect of intracavitary levobupivacaine infusion diluted with locally applied isotonic solution for pain control in cystoscopy. Methods: Included in this study are 100 patients who had previously undergone transurethral tumor resection for bladder tumor and were followed up by cystoscopy. The patients were randomized into five groups (n = 20). In the first, second, third, and fourth groups, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mL of levobupivacaine HCl (5.0 mg/mL) were mixed with 26, 24, 22, and 20 mL of isotonic solution, respectively. Hence, the total mixture was 30 mL for each group. The fifth group was the control group. In this group, the standard method commonly used in most clinics was utilized. That is, a gel containing Cathejell-2% lidocaine (25 mg lidocaine) was applied. Cystoscopic interventions were performed with a 17.5 Fr rigid cystoscope and 0°, 30°, and 70° lens. During cystoscopy and 30 min later, the pain status of patients was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and patient satisfaction was questioned. Results: The mean VAS score during and after the cystoscopy procedure was significantly lower in the levobupivacaine groups compared to the lidocaine group. In addition, patient satisfaction in the levobupivacaine groups was significantly higher than in the lidocaine group. No drug-related side-effects were observed in all groups. Conclusion: Thus, levobupivacaine is a more effective drug than lidocaine alone to control pain during cystoscopy. The use of levobupivacaine is recommended to prevent possible complications of general anesthesia by eliminating the need for the aforementioned as well as its cost-saving advantage.

Efficiency of Structural Antigipoxants in Perioperative Period of Patients with Lower Limbs Fractures

The efficacy of pathogenetic correction of metabolism in 211 patients with diaphyseal hip and shin bones fractures had been analyzed. Patients were divided into the main and control groups. Intravenous infusions of 1.5% sodium meglumine succinate solution were administered, and infusion therapy with isotonic solution to the patients of the comparison group. The parameters of functional activity and peripheral blood dates had been analyzed. In the perioperative period main group provide better physical component of the life quality and blood parameters functional recovery.

Influence of Post-Harvest Circulatory Rinse on Tenderness and Objective Color of Cow Striploin Steaks

ObjectivesWhole muscle cuts from cows are often less tender than cuts from young fed beef due to increased collagen cross-linking associated with animal age. The injection of a rinse solution through the carotid artery following exsanguination has been shown to improve tenderness. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of a post-harvest rinse of an isotonic solution through the circulatory system on tenderness of steaks from cows.Materials and MethodsCows (n = 28) were randomly assigned to carcass treatments. The carcass treatments consisted of non-rinsed control (n = 14) and a rinsed (n = 14) treatment, where a chilled isotonic solution (MPSC, Inc., St. Paul, MN) was rinsed through the carotid artery and veins following exsanguination. The isotonic solution consisted of water, glucose, maltose and phosphates. Both control and rinsed treatments were electrically stimulated. At 2 d postmortem, strip loins were removed from one side of each carcass. Strip loins were fabricated into 2.54 cm steaks at 3 d postmortem and objective color measurements (L*, a* and b*) were recorded on a single steak after a 30-min bloom period. Steaks were vacuum packaged and aged at 4°C for 7, 14, and 21 d. Following aging, steaks were frozen (–20°C) for future analysis. Warner-Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF) was used to measure tenderness. Frozen steaks were thawed at 4°C for 24 h before cooking. Internal temperature was monitored on all steaks using a digital thermometer that was placed in the center of each steak. Steaks were cooked on an electric clamshell grill to an internal temperature of 71°C. Peak cook temperature was recorded for each steak. Following cooking, steaks were cooled at 4°C and allowed to equilibrate to room temperature (20°C). Six cores (1.27 cm) were removed from each steak and sheared perpendicular to the muscle fiber orientation. The peak force was recorded for each core and the average calculated for each steak. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Shear force data were analyzed as a repeated measure with time and treatment as fixed variables. Color data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using treatment as the fixed variable. Statistical significance was considered at an α of P < 0.05 and trends at 0.05 ≤ P < 0.10.ResultsThere was no interaction (P = 0.6068) between treatment and postmortem aging day. Steaks from the rinsed treatment were more tender (P = 0.0005), than steaks in the control treatment (3.51 ± 0.168 kg vs. 4.41 ± 0.174 kg, respectively). Postmortem aging influenced (P = 0.0310) tenderness. Steaks aged 7 d were less tender (P = 0.0087) than steaks aged for 21 d (4.18 ± 0.155 kg vs. 3.72 ± 0.156 kg, respectively), while 14 d steaks did not differ (P > 0.05) from those aged 7 or 21 d. Objective color was not impacted by rinse treatment (P > 0.05).ConclusionThese data suggest that the application of a post-harvest rinse with an isotonic solution through the circulatory system improves the tenderness of cow steaks but does not influence objective color.

Nasal cavity care in newborns and young children with rhinitis: current trends

The article describes the features of the structure and functioning of the nasal mucosa in newborns and young children. The remarkable thing is that the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses serve as a particular air conditioner that provides almost 100% hydration, heating, filtering and catchment of foreign particles. The development of pathology and functional disorders in the newborns and young children have serious consequences, such as respiratory distress or discomfort, sleep cycle disorder, an increased risk of obstructive sleep apnea and difficulties with feeding. The authors analysed the role and efficacy of nasal irrigation taking into account the solution concentration and the type of irrigation device, and reported the effect of elimination-irrigation therapy on mucociliary clearance and trophic epithelium of the nasal mucosa. It has been proved that the standard treatment (antibiotics, mucolytics and local nasal decongestants) for acute rhinosinusitis in children is more effective, if the treatment protocol includes irrigation of the nasal cavity with isotonic solution, and not without adverse events, in contrast to decongestants, which use increases the risk for tachyphylaxis. The authors determined the role of irrigation and elimination therapy in the prevention of pathology of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and in the complex therapy for acute and exacerbation of chronic rhinosinusitis in newborns and young children. The most common mistakes in caring for the nasal cavity in newborns and young children are highlighted. The article identifies the main indications for the use of Otrivin Baby aspirator and drops, and clarifies the main positions for using Otrivin Baby aspirator. It also describes the advantages of using Otrivin Baby device, which includes an aspirator and sterile isotonic solution drops for safe and effective care for the nasal cavity in newborns and young children with rhinitis.

Hypotonic and isotonic intravenous maintenance fluids in hospitalised paediatric patients: a randomised controlled trial

ObjectiveTo compare the changes in serum sodium and acid/base status in patients receiving hypotonic and isotonic solutions.DesignA randomised, controlled and double-blind clinical trial.SettingDepartment of Paediatrics in a tertiary general hospital (Hospital Universitario Austral) in Buenos Aires, Argentina.PatientsChildren between 29 days and 15 years of age who were hospitalised in the paediatric intensive care unit and general hospital between 12 January 2010 and 30 November 2016, and who required exclusively parenteral maintenance solutions for at least 24 hours.InterventionsA hypotonic solution with 77 mEq/L sodium chloride (0.45% in 5% dextrose) and isotonic solution with 150 mEq/L (0.9% in 5% dextrose) were infused for 48 hours and were labelled.Main outcome measureThe main outcome was to evaluate the incidence of hyponatraemia between patients treated with parenteral hydration with hypotonic or isotonic fluids. The secondary outcome was to estimate the incidence of metabolic acidosis induced by each of the solutions.ResultsThe 299 patients in the present study were randomised to groups that received the hypotonic solution (n=154) or isotonic solution (n=145). The mean serum sodium concentration measurements at 12 hours were 136.3±3.9 mEq/L and 140.1±2.3 mEq/L in the hypotonic and isotonic groups, respectively, with a hyponatraemia incidence of 8.27% (n=12) and 18.8% (n=29) (p<0.001). At 24 hours, 12.4% (n=18) of the isotonic group had developed hyponatraemia compared with 46.1% (n=71) of the hypotonic group (p<0.001). The mean serum sodium concentration measurements were 134.4±5.6 and 139.3±3.1, respectively. No patient developed hypernatraemia (serum sodium concentrations >150 mEq/L) or other adverse outcomes. The relative risk in the hypotonic group was 3.7 (95% CI 2.3 to 5.9), almost four times the risk of developing hyponatraemia than those who received isotonic fluids. There were also no significant differences between the groups with regard to the development of metabolic acidosis. Hypotonic solution, age <12 months and postoperative abdominal surgery were risk factors associated with hyponatraemia.ConclusionsThe incidence of iatrogenic hyponatraemia was greater with the administration of hypotonic fluids compared with that of isotonic fluids. There were no significant differences in the incidence of metabolic acidosis between the groups.