scholarly journals Novel Genital Alphapapillomaviruses in Baboons (Papio hamadryas Anubis) With Cervical Dysplasia

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Bergin ◽  
J. D. Bell ◽  
Z. Chen ◽  
M. K. Zochowski ◽  
D. Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Dysplasia ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Olive Baboons ◽  
Papio Hamadryas Anubis ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Human Infections

Genital Alphapapillomavirus (αPV) infections are one of the most common sexually transmitted human infections worldwide. Women infected with the highly oncogenic genital human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 are at high risk for development of cervical cancer. Related oncogenic αPVs exist in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. Here the authors identified 3 novel genital αPV types (PhPV1, PhPV2, PhPV3) by PCR in cervical samples from 6 of 15 (40%) wild-caught female Kenyan olive baboons ( Papio hamadryas anubis). Eleven baboons had koilocytes in the cervix and vagina. Three baboons had dysplastic proliferative changes consistent with cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). In 2 baboons with PCR-confirmed PhPV1, 1 had moderate (CIN2, n = 1) and 1 had low-grade (CIN1, n = 1) dysplasia. In 2 baboons with PCR-confirmed PhPV2, 1 had low-grade (CIN1, n = 1) dysplasia and the other had only koilocytes. Two baboons with PCR-confirmed PhPV3 had koilocytes only. PhPV1 and PhPV2 were closely related to oncogenic macaque and human αPVs. These findings suggest that αPV-infected baboons may be useful animal models for the pathogenesis, treatment, and prophylaxis of genital αPV neoplasia. Additionally, this discovery suggests that genital αPVs with oncogenic potential may infect a wider spectrum of non-human primate species than previously thought.

scholarly journals Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes and precancerous cervical lesions in a screening population in Beijing, China: Analysis of results from China’s Top 3 Hospital, 2009–2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yidi Liu ◽  
Huan Wu ◽  
Jingjiang Xu ◽  
Defu Chen ◽  
Hongyou Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Pathological Diagnosis ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Hpv Genotyping ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Genotypes

Abstract Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women. Early detection and diagnosis play an important role in secondary prevention of cervical cancer. This study aims to provide more information to develop an effective strategy for the prevention and control of cervical cancer in northern China. Methods: A retrospective single-centre descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Chinese PLA General Hospital located in Beijing, covering the period from January 2009 to June 2019. The patients who underwent a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based HPV genotyping test and cervical pathological diagnosis were included. Furthermore, we limited the interval between the two examination within 180 days for the purpose of making sure their correlation to analyse their relationship. Moreover, the relationship between different cervical lesions and age as well as single/multiple HPV infection was assessed.Results: A total of 3,134 patients were eligible in this study after HPV genotyping test and pathological diagnosis. Most of the patients (95%) were from northern China. Among the patients, 1,745(55.68%） had high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (HSIL), 1,354 (43.20%) had low-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (LSIL) and 35 (1.12%) were Normal. The mean age was 42.06 ± 10.82(range, 17–79 years). The women aged 35-49 years accounted for the highest incidence rate. The top five most commonly identified HPV genotypes in each lesion class were as follows: HPV16, 58, 52, 31 and 51 in the class of HSIL; HPV16, 52, 58, 56 and 51 in the class of LSIL; HPV16, 31, 6,11, 52 and 58 in the class of normal. The frequencies of HPV single genotype infection and multiple genotypes infection were 55.26% and 34.18%, respectively. There was no difference in the attributable proportions of multiple genotypes infection amongst HSIL, LSIL and Normal.Conclusions: In Northern China, HPV16 was the most dominant genotype in the patients with pathological examination. The peak age of the onset of HSIL was between 35 and 49 years of age. Infection with multiple HPV genotypes did not increase the risk of HSIL. Type-specific HPV prevalence and attribution proportion to cervical precancerous lesions should be taken into consideration in the development of vaccines and strategy for screening in this population.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical expression of p16INK4A in the lesions of uterine cervix

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. A502-508
Author(s):  
Niharika Rawat ◽  
Shivapriya Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Background: Cervical cancer is the major cause of cancer deaths among women. Globally, around 5,70,000 new cases of cervical cancer and 3,11,000 deaths occurred in the year 2018. In India, Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer related mortality among women and the number of deaths is 60,000 per year among 97,000 diagnosed patients, especially those from lower socioeconomic group. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) plays a crucial role in causing cervical dysplasia. This is done by upregulating p16INK4A, a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor through interaction with cellular regulatory proteins. Hence p16INK4A can be used as a biomarker, since it is directly related variable for the presence of HPV. This study was conducted to evaluate the expression of p16INK4A in benign, premalignant and malignant cervical lesions and to assess its utility in diagnosing and grading cervical lesions. Methods: A total of 80 cervical specimens categorized histopathologically into nonspecific cervicitis, low grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (LSIL), high grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (HSIL) and squamous cell carcinoma cervix were included in this prospective study of one-year duration. Immunohistochemical study of p16INK4A were interpreted qualitatively and semi-quantitatively by Allred scoring system (0 to 8 points) which measures the proportion of stained cells and intensity of staining of cells. The collected data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and chi square test. Result: Qualitative method showed absence of p16INK4A expression in all nonspecific cervicitis. 16.7% (2/12) LSIL, 100% (12/12) HSIL and 100% (28/28) squamous cell carcinoma cases showed p16INK4A positivity. Allred scoring of p16INK4A showed 66% (8/12) HSIL and 85.7% (24/28) squamous cell carcinoma cases with score 3 positivity. Hence high-grade lesions showed higher expression of this marker. Conclusion: IHC expression of p16INK4A showed increasing degree of expression from benign to premalignant and malignant lesions suggesting its diagnostic and prognostic value in the cervical cancer management

scholarly journals Treponema Infection Associated With Genital Ulceration in Wild Baboons

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Knauf ◽  
E. K. Batamuzi ◽  
T. Mlengeya ◽  
M. Kilewo ◽  
I. A. V. Lejora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Olive Baboons ◽  
Papio Hamadryas Anubis ◽  
Anogenital Region ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Tissue Alterations ◽  
Wild Baboons

The authors describe genital alterations and detailed histologic findings in baboons naturally infected with Treponema pallidum. The disease causes moderate to severe genital ulcerations in a population of olive baboons ( Papio hamadryas anubis) at Lake Manyara National Park in Tanzania. In a field survey in 2007, 63 individuals of all age classes, both sexes, and different grades of infection were chemically immobilized and sampled. Histology and molecular biological tests were used to detect and identify the organism responsible: a strain similar to T pallidum ssp pertenue, the cause of yaws in humans. Although treponemal infections are not a new phenomenon in nonhuman primates, the infection described here appears to be strictly associated with the anogenital region and results in tissue alterations matching those found in human syphilis infections (caused by T pallidum ssp pallidum), despite the causative pathogen’s greater genetic similarity to human yaws-causing strains.

Rates of self-directed behaviour and faecal glucocorticoid levels are not correlated in female wild olive baboons (Papio hamadryas anubis)

Stress ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 526-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Higham ◽  
Ann M. MacLarnon ◽  
Michael Heistermann ◽  
Caroline Ross ◽  
Stuart Semple
Keyword(s):  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Olive Baboons ◽  
Papio Hamadryas Anubis ◽  
Wild Olive

scholarly journals The Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Dysplasia

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1101
Author(s):  
Anca-Maria Istrate-Ofițeru ◽  
Elena-Iuliana-Anamaria Berbecaru ◽  
Dan Ruican ◽  
Rodica Daniela Nagy ◽  
Cătălina Rămescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Cervical Dysplasia ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Excisional Biopsy ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
High Cervical

Background and objectives. The risk of developing invasive cancer increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in Romania, where the incidence of this disease is high due to limited medical education and broad screening. This study’s objective is to analyze the number of patients admitted with different types of cervical dysplasia and the treatment applied for the lesions during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic compared to the same period for the year before the pandemic. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study that took place in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics I/II (OG I/II) of the Emergency County Hospital of Craiova during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (SP) (15.03.2020–14.03.2021) and in the 12 months before (non-pandemic period) (NPP) (15.03.2019–14.03.2020). The study includes 396 patients with pathological PAP smear results. All the patients included in this study were clinically examined and with colposcopy. The patients with Low-Grade Dysplasia were managed in a conservatory manner and reevaluated after six months. The patients with High-Grade Dysplasia were admitted for an excisional biopsy of the lesion. The excised fragments were sent to the Pathological Anatomy Laboratory for a histopathological examination. Results: This study reveals a decrease of more than half in the number of patients admitted with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions during the pandemic compared to the same period of the year before. The number of biopsies and excisional procedures has been decreasing by more than a factor of three during the pandemic period compared to the year before. Conclusion: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, we found that the patients’ admission rate, diagnosis, and treatment was almost four times lower. As hospital restrictions were not dictated for cancer/precancer management during SP, we may assume that the differences were due to the fear of becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 due to hospitalization. In the context of poor screening performance and high cervical cancer incidence, the influence of the SP may result in a further increase of severe cases related to this condition.

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