Neuronal Vacuolation in Raccoons (Procyon lotor)

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Hamir ◽  
J. R. Heidel ◽  
R. Picton ◽  
C. E. Rupprecht
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Procyon Lotor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Experimental Transmission ◽  
Geographic Locations ◽  
Neuronal Perikaryon ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Neuronal Vacuolation

Microscopic vacuolar changes in neuronal perikaryon are described in two free-ranging raccoons ( Procyon lotor) from different geographic locations in the United States. Both animals were negative for rabies and scrapie-associated antigens. Microscopically, lesions were not seen in the neuropil. Neuronal vacuolations have previously been documented in brains of normal animals and in diseases such as rabies and prion-associated encephalopathies. Although experimental transmission of a spongiform mink encephalopathy has been documented in raccoons, a naturally occurring spongiform encephalopathy has not been described in this species. The presence of neuronal vacuolations in the raccoons is novel and requires further investigation to elucidate the mechanism of this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Divergent Approaches Regulating Beta Agonists and Cloning of Animals for Food: USA and European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 613-632
Author(s):  
Terence J. Centner ◽  
Ludivine Petetin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Food Products ◽  
The United States ◽  
Beta Agonist ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Beta Agonists ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Production Technologies

Abstract Technologies being used to produce nonhuman animals who are used for meat and dairy products are viewed by some people as meaningful. Two technologies receiving scrutiny in agriculture are beta agonists that are fed to food animals to improve weight gain and cloning animals to secure offspring with specific traits. The technologies enhance the productive capacities of animals so that fewer resources are needed to produce meat and dairy products. Yet consumers are not sure they want food products with beta agonist residues and that are produced from clones. In overseeing the safety of food products and animals, legislators and regulators in the United States (US) and European Union (EU) have developed contrasting provisions regarding the usage of these technologies. An evaluation of heuristics involving information and experiences with bovine spongiform encephalopathy and animal production technologies offers support in explaining the US’s and EU’s divergent provisions.

scholarly journals Chloroplast Noncoding DNA Sequences Reveal Genetic Distinction and Diversity between Wild and Cultivated Prunus yedoensis

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 434-443
Author(s):  
Eun Ju Cheong ◽  
Myong-Suk Cho ◽  
Seung-Chul Kim ◽  
Chan-Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jeju Island ◽  
Noncoding Dna ◽  
Noncoding Regions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Prunus Yedoensis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ornamental Trees

Cultivated flowering cherries (Prunus subgenus Cerasus), which are one of the most popular ornamental trees around the world, have been developed through artificial hybridizations among wild flowering cherries. Among the hundreds of cultivars of flowering cherries, Prunus ×yedoensis ‘Somei-yoshino’ is the most common and widespread. However, its origin and genetic relationship to wild P. yedoensis, naturally occurring on Jeju Island, South Korea, have long been debated. We used sequence polymorphisms in eight chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) noncoding regions to distinguish wild and cultivated flowering cherries among 104 individuals (55 accessions). We were able to distinguish two distinct groups, one corresponding to wild P. yedoensis collections from Jeju Island and the other collections of cultivated P. ×yedoensis from Korea, Japan, and the United States. The chlorotype diversity of wild P. yedoensis in Jeju Island and cultivated P. ×yedoensis collections in the United States was quite high, suggesting multiple natural hybrid origins and long history of cultivation from different original sources, respectively.

scholarly journals Blood Chimerism Confounds Genetic Relative Susceptibility Testing for Classical Scrapie in Sheep

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Schneider ◽  
Ahmed Tibary ◽  
Terje Raudsepp ◽  
Pranab J. Das ◽  
Katherine I. O'Rourke
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Classical Scrapie ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Relative Susceptibility ◽  
Prnp Genotype ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Classical scrapie disease is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of sheep that is enzootic in the United States. Susceptibility of sheep to classical scrapie is linked to single nucleotide polymorphisms in the prion protein gene ( PRNP), forming the basis for genetic testing strategies used by national efforts to eradicate scrapie. Such efforts are occasionally hampered by inconclusive results stemming from the detection of “complex” genotypes. Naturally occurring cases of ovine chimerism are thought to account for some of these instances. In the current report, 4 naturally occurring ovine chimeras are documented through cytogenetic and molecular analyses. All 4 of these sheep had chimeric cells circulating in their blood. Blood and alternate tissue samples of ear punch and hair bulbs from one of these chimeras was submitted in batch with similar samples from control sheep for routine scrapie genetic relative susceptibility testing. A complex PRNP genotype was detected in the blood of the chimeric female but not in the alternate tissue samples or in the control sheep samples. The results demonstrate that naturally occurring blood chimerism can confound current testing efforts. The potential impacts of undetected chimeras on current scrapie eradication efforts are discussed.

Toxoplasma gondii Isolates From Free-Ranging Chickens From the United States

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1060-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Dubey ◽  
D. H. Graham ◽  
E. Dahl ◽  
C. Sreekumar ◽  
T. Lehmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Isolates
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