The Pong Effect as a Robust Visual Illusion: Evidence From Manipulating Instructions

Perception ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1362-1370
Author(s):  
Emily L. Laitin ◽  
Jessica K. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Visual Illusion ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Systematic Testing ◽  
Action Capability ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Ability To Act

Visual perception is not always veridical but can be influenced by factors such as ease of acting, energetic cost, and even body type of the observer. This notion is called action-specific perception. Several effects of action capability on visual perception have been found, but there is much controversy as to whether these effects are truly perceptual. Because perception cannot be measured directly, resolving the controversy relies on ruling out alternative explanations through systematic testing. We combined one of the most robust action-specific effects (the Pong effect) with one of the primary suggestions for exploring an alternative explanation, namely whether the effect persists across instructions that emphasize different aspects of the task. The Pong effect was robust to the type of instructions. The results provide critical evidence that the Pong effect is truly perceptual, furthering the argument that a person’s ability to act can influence visual perception.

Who Is the Founder of Psychophysics and Experimental Psychology?

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Omar Khaleefa
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Visual Illusion ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Psychological Explanation ◽  
Moon Illusion ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
History Of

The study is an investigation of the origins of psychophysics and experimentalpsychology. According to historians of psychology. FrancisBacon had the most crucial influence in the history of the experimentalmethod, because he emphasized the importance of induction, skepticism,quantification, and observation. The present study, however,attempts to show that Ibn al-Haytham laid the foundations of the aboveaspects of the experimental method. Furthermore, a number of historiansof psychology believe that Fechner was the founder of psychophysicswith his application “Filements of Psychophysics” in 1860.This study shows that in the eleventh century, Ibn al-Haytham made anoriginal contribution to the study of vision, wherein his psychophysicsborrowed its structure from physics and its spirit from psychology.Several aspects of visual perception were investigated by him, includingsensation (which occupies a central place in psychophysics), variationsin sensitivity, perception of colors. sensation of touch, perceptionof darkness, the psychological explanation of moon illusion, and binocularvision. This study presents five experiments by Ibn al-Haythamregarding the errors of vision, which is called in contemporary psychology“visual illusion.” These experiments have been applied andverified in Bahrain from both the physical and psychological perspectives.Finally, the study concludes that Ibn al-Haytham deserves the title“founder” of psychophysics as wellp the “founder” of experimentalpsychology. In this respect. Kitab ul-Manazir by Ibn al-Haytham.which appeared in the fmt half of the eleventh century, and not the“Elements of Psychophysics” by Fechner. which was published in thenineteenth century, marks the official “founding” of psychology,because it provides not only new concepts and theories but new methodsof measurement in psychology.

scholarly journals The neon fruit illusion: a fresh recipe for colour science demonstrations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Harvey ◽  
Takuma Morimoto ◽  
Manuel Spitschan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Visual Illusion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
European Conference ◽  
The Public ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Science Demonstration

At this year's European Conference on Visual Perception we debuted a novel colour science demonstration---and visual illusion---for the Un mare di illusioni exhibition. Under carefully curated lighting conditions, cycling through different illuminant spectra, certain fruits and vegetables appear to glow and dim in an unchanging environment. Encouraged by the positive reactions it received, and the numerous and specific questions from conference delegates, we here describe what this illusion is, why we believe it may work, and how this particular low-cost setup may be assembled and demonstrated for the amazement of your friends, students, and members of the public.

scholarly journals Obstacles Affect Perceptions of Egocentric Distances in Virtual Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Mine ◽  
Sakurako Kimoto ◽  
Kazuhiko Yokosawa
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Distance Perception ◽  
Distance Estimation ◽  
Egocentric Distance ◽  
Intermediate Space ◽  
Action Capability ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Transparent Barrier

Distance perception in humans can be affected by oculomotor and optical cues and a person’s action capability in a given environment, known as action-specific effects. For example, a previous study has demonstrated that egocentric distance estimation to a target is affected by the width of a transparent barrier placed in the intermediate space between a participant and a target. However, the characteristics of a barrier’s width that affect distance perception remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether visual and tactile inputs and actions related to a barrier affect distance estimation to a target behind the barrier. The results confirmed previous studies by demonstrating that visual and tactile presentations of the barrier’s width affected distance estimation to the target. However, this effect of the barrier’s width was not observed when the barrier was touchable but invisible nor when the barrier was visible but penetrable. These findings indicate the complexity of action-specific effects and the difficulty of identifying necessary information for inducing these effects.

scholarly journals The Neon Fruit Illusion: A Fresh Recipe for Colour Science Demonstrations

Perception ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Harvey ◽  
Takuma Morimoto ◽  
Manuel Spitschan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Visual Illusion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
European Conference ◽  
The Public ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Science Demonstration

At this year’s European Conference on Visual Perception, we debuted a novel colour science demonstration—and visual illusion—for the Un mare di illusioni exhibition. Under carefully curated lighting conditions, cycling through different illuminant spectra, certain fruits and vegetables appear to glow and dim in an unchanging environment. Encouraged by the positive reactions it received, and the numerous and specific questions from conference delegates, we here describe what this illusion is, why we believe it may work, and how this particular low-cost setup may be assembled and demonstrated for the amazement of your friends, students, and members of the public.

scholarly journals Tetracyclines: a pleitropic family of compounds with promising therapeutic properties. Review of the literature

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (3) ◽  
pp. C539-C548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O. Griffin ◽  
Eduardo Fricovsky ◽  
Guillermo Ceballos ◽  
Francisco Villarreal
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Bacterial Ribosome ◽  
Therapeutic Properties

There must be something unique about a class of drugs (discovered and developed in the mid-1940s) where there are more than 130 ongoing clinical trials currently listed. Tetracyclines were developed as a result of the screening of soil samples for antibiotic organisms. The first of these compounds chlortetracycline was introduced in 1948. Soon after their development tetracyclines were found to be highly effective against various pathogens including rickettsiae, Gram-positive, and Gram-negative bacteria, thus, becoming a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The mechanism of action of tetracyclines is thought to be related to the inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to the 30S bacterial ribosome. Tetracyclines are also an effective anti-malarial drug. Over time, many other “protective” actions have been described for tetracyclines. Minocycline, which can readily cross cell membranes, is known to be a potent anti-apoptotic agent. Its mechanism of action appears to relate to specific effects exerted on apoptosis signaling pathways. Another tetracycline, doxycycline is known to exert antiprotease activities. Doxycycline can inhibit matrix metalloproteinases, which contribute to tissue destruction activities in diseases such as gingivitis. A large body of literature has provided additional evidence for the “beneficial” actions of tetracyclines, including their ability to act as oxygen radical scavengers and anti-inflammatory agents. This increasing volume of published work and ongoing clinical trials supports the notion that a more systematic examination of their possible therapeutic uses is warranted. This review provides a summary of tetracycline's multiple mechanisms of action and while using the effects on the heart as an example, this review also notes their potential to benefit patients suffering from various pathologies such as cancer, Rosacea, and Parkinson's disease.

scholarly journals Sex dimorphisms of crossbridge cycling kinetics in transgenic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (1) ◽  
pp. H125-H136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille L. Birch ◽  
Samantha M. Behunin ◽  
Marissa A. Lopez-Pier ◽  
Christiane Danilo ◽  
Yulia Lipovka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Crossbridge Kinetics ◽  
Tension Cost

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease of the sarcomere and may lead to hypertrophic, dilated, restrictive, and/or arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, or sudden cardiac death. We hypothesized that hearts from transgenic HCM mice harboring a mutant myosin heavy chain increase the energetic cost of contraction in a sex-specific manner. To do this, we assessed Ca2+ sensitivity of tension and crossbridge kinetics in demembranated cardiac trabeculas from male and female wild-type (WT) and HCM hearts at an early time point (2 mo of age). We found a significant effect of sex on Ca2+ sensitivity such that male, but not female, HCM mice displayed a decrease in Ca2+ sensitivity compared with WT counterparts. The HCM transgene and sex significantly impacted the rate of force redevelopment by a rapid release-restretch protocol and tension cost by the ATPase-tension relationship. In each of these measures, HCM male trabeculas displayed a gain-of-function when compared with WT counterparts. In addition, cardiac remodeling measured by echocardiography, histology, morphometry, and posttranslational modifications demonstrated sex- and HCM-specific effects. In conclusion, female and male HCM mice display sex dimorphic crossbridge kinetics accompanied by sex- and HCM-dependent cardiac remodeling at the morphometric, histological, and cellular level.

Brightness Induction and the Café Wall Illusion

Perception ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E McCourt
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Visual Illusion ◽  
Perpendicular Line ◽  
Parallel Lines ◽  
Locking Mechanism ◽  
Line Elements

The Café Wall illusion is a distortion illusion in which the parallel lines of a chessboard-like figure consisting solely of parallel and perpendicular line elements appear to converge in alternating rows, creating a wedge distortion similar to that of the well-known Zöllner illusion. Gregory and Heard have formulated an explanation for the Café Wall illusion which relies upon the operation of a ‘border-locking mechanism’ in the visual system. The results of the present experiment suggest an alternative explanation in which the operation of brightness induction within the mortar regions of the Café Wall produces a series of ‘twisted cords' or slanted line elements akin to those of the Fraser or Zöllner figures. A series of such ‘twisted cords' is shown to be capable of itself to produce an illusory convergence like that of the Café Wall. Manipulations of the luminance of discrete regions in the mortar lines of the Café Wall, designed either to augment or cancel the effects of brightness induction in the production of these slanted line elements, are successful in enhancing or reducing, respectively, the wedge distortion of this visual illusion.

scholarly journals The Visual Illusion of the Game Interface*_Take Monument Vally as an example

2021 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 05097
Author(s):  
Han Mao ◽  
Jingru Liu ◽  
Zihan Qu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Visual Illusion ◽  
Geometric Illusion ◽  
Visual Form ◽  
Game Interface

As a novel and unique visual form, visual illusion enriches the visual perception of the audience with its vivid and interesting visual charm from beginning to end. “Monument Valley” a large number of the use of visual illusion principle, in which perspective illusion, geometric illusion and light and dark illusion for players to bring a different visual experience, combined with the game picture of the unit object scattered reconstruction, the application of visual illusion in this game has jumped.

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