Pharyngeal Airway Space Dimensions and Hyoid Bone Position in Various Craniofacial Morphologies

Objective: To assess the relationship of pharyngeal airway dimensions and the position of the hyoid bone in several craniofacial morphologies among Nepali adults. To assess the relationship between dimensions of the pharyngeal airway and position of the hyoid bone and compare gender dimorphism. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional observational research comprised lateral cephalograms of 150 subjects aged 16 to 30 years. Samples were separated into three sagittal craniofacial morphological groups based on the ANB (A point, nasion, B point) angle and into gender groups. Different parameters (linear and angular) for measuring dimensions of the pharyngeal airway and position of the hyoid bone were assessed. An ANOVA test and a Pearson correlation test were performed. Results: Dimensions of the pharyngeal airway were largest in skeletal Class III when compared to skeletal Class I and Class II subjects, with a lower pharyngeal airway space and the length of the nasal fossa being significantly larger. The hyoid bone was anteriorly and inferiorly placed in Class III skeletal subjects. Males had greater pharyngeal airway dimensions and a hyoid bone positioned more inferiorly and anteriorly. The nasal fossa length had a strong positive correlation with the hyoid bone position vertically. Conclusion: There were differences in the dimensions of the pharyngeal airway and position of the hyoid bone in various craniofacial morphologies among Nepali adults. Gender dimorphism was observed in both dimensions of the pharyngeal airway and the position of the hyoid bone.

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Changes in pharyngeal airway dimensions and hyoid bone position after maxillary protraction with different alternate rapid maxillary expansion and construction protocols: A prospective clinical study

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/082316-632.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 87 (4) ◽

pp. 519-525 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mevlut Celikoglu ◽

Muhammet Hilmi Buyukcavus

Keyword(s):

Hyoid Bone ◽

Rapid Maxillary Expansion ◽

Vertical Position ◽

Prospective Clinical Study ◽

Class Iii ◽

Maxillary Expansion ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Maxillary Protraction ◽

Pharyngeal Airway ◽

Airway Dimensions

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the changes in pharyngeal airway dimensions and the position of the hyoid bone after maxillary protraction with different alternate rapid maxillary expansion and construction (Alt-RAMEC) protocols in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion as a result of maxillary retrusion. Material and Methods: The patients with skeletal class III malocclusions were consecutively divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 17 patients (11 boys and 6 girls, mean age 11.31 ± 1.71 years) who had the Alt-RAMEC protocol for 5 weeks, and group 2 consisted of 17 patients (10 boys and 7 girls, mean age 11.64 ± 1.24 years) who had the Alt-RAMEC procedure for 9 weeks. In this study, 4 angular and 13 linear measurements were performed to evaluate the skeletal and pharyngeal airway changes that occurred after maxillary protraction. Results: A significant increase in the maxillary growth, inhabitation of mandibular growth, and clockwise rotation of the mandible caused the improvement of the maxillo-mandibular relationship in both groups. Those changes caused a significant increase in the upper pharyngeal airway dimension (P < .01) and affected the vertical position of the hyoid bone in both groups (P < .05 and P < .01, respectively). However, changes that occurred in both groups were found to be similar for all airway variables (P > .05). Conclusion: Upper pharyngeal dimension and vertical position of the hyoid bone were affected by the maxillary protraction with different Alt-RAMEC protocols. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups.

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Comparing Pharyngeal Airway Dimensions and Hyoid Bone Position in the Subgroups of Skeletal Class III Malocclusions: A Cephalometric Study

Journal of Advanced Oral Research ◽

10.1177/2320206820960860 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 232020682096086

Author(s):

MH Buyukcavus ◽

G Kocakara

Keyword(s):

Hyoid Bone ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Significance Level ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Pharyngeal Airway ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cephalometric Study ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Airway Dimensions

Aim: To examine pharyngeal airway dimensions and hyoid bone position according to the subgroups of Class III malocclusion. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study consisted of patients divided into three subgroups with skeletal Class III malocclusion. The study included a total of 151 individuals (61 females and 90 males). The authors divided individuals with skeletal Class III malocclusion into three subgroups: maxillary retrognathia, mandibular prognathia, and combined. The study’s cephalometric analysis used eight nasopharyngeal, seven oropharyngeal, two hypopharyngeal, nine hyoid, and four area measurements. One-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate patients. Tukey’s post-hoc tests were used for bilateral comparisons of significant parameters. The results were considered statistically significant at a P < .05 significance level. Results: The study found no significant differences between the groups’ pharyngeal airway and area measurements ( P > .05). When the authors evaluated hyoid bone position, a statistically significant difference was found between the three groups’ Hy-A (mm), Hy-S (mm), Hy-SN (mm), and Hy-FH (mm) measurements ( P < .05). Conclusion: Linear and areal pharyngeal airway dimensions are similar in subgroups of Class III malocclusions, while the hyoid bone is vertically higher in individuals with maxillary retrognathia.

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Comparison of Pharyngeal Airway between Mandibular Setback Surgery Patients (Skeletal Class III) and Nonsurgery Patients (Skeletal Classes I and II)

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/5012037 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Jung-Hsuan Cheng ◽

Chun-Ming Chen ◽

Ping-Ho Chen ◽

Szu-Ting Chou ◽

Chin-Yun Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hyoid Bone ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Pharyngeal Wall ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Pharyngeal Airway ◽

Mandibular Setback ◽

Mandibular Setback Surgery ◽

Airway Dimensions

Purpose. We investigated the pharyngeal airway dimensions and their correlations in patients who underwent mandibular setback surgery versus those who did not. Materials and Methods. One hundred and sixty cephalometric radiographs (120 patients) were obtained from patients with three skeletal malocclusion classifications: Class I and Class II in the nonsurgery group and Class III in the surgery group (preoperative and postoperative cephalograms). The following dimensions were measured: nasopharyngeal airway (NOP), uvulopharyngeal airway (UOP), shortest distance from the posterior tongue to the pharyngeal wall (TOP), and distance from the epiglottis to the pharyngeal wall (EOP). Paired t test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis. Results. Preoperatively, UOP and TOP of skeletal Class III patients (15.2 mm and 16.6 mm) were significantly larger than those of skeletal Class II (11.5 mm and 12 mm) and Class II (12.3 mm and 12.9 mm) patients, respectively. No differences were observed in EOP between the three skeletal patterns. The hyoid bone of Class III patients was significantly anterior to that of Class I/II patients. Furthermore, UOP had a moderate negative correlation with soft palate length. Postoperatively, no significant difference (UOP, TOP, EOP, soft palate width, and hyoid bone) was found between the skeletal classes. Conclusion. Preoperatively, UOP and TOP of skeletal Class III patients were significantly wider than those of skeletal Class I/II patients. Pre- and postoperatively, EOP did not exhibit significant differences among the three skeletal classifications. No differences were found in all postoperative pharyngeal airway dimensions between Class III patients and nonsurgery patients (Class I and Class II).

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Changes in the pharyngeal airway space and hyoid bone position after mandibular setback surgery for skeletal Class III jaw deformity in Japanese women

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics ◽

10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.06.014 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 138 (6) ◽

pp. 708.e1-708.e10 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Toru Kitahara ◽

Yoshihiro Hoshino ◽

Kazuhiro Maruyama ◽

Emiko In ◽

Ichiro Takahashi

Keyword(s):

Hyoid Bone ◽

Japanese Women ◽

Class Iii ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Pharyngeal Airway ◽

Mandibular Setback ◽

Mandibular Setback Surgery ◽

Jaw Deformity

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Three-dimensional changes of the hyoid bone and airway volumes related to its relationship with horizontal anatomic planes after bimaxillary surgery in skeletal Class III patients

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/083112-700.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 83 (4) ◽

pp. 623-629 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Min-Ah Kim ◽

Bo-Ram Kim ◽

Jin-Young Choi ◽

Jong-Kuk Youn ◽

Yoon-Ji R. Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hyoid Bone ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Class Iii ◽

Mandibular Prognathism ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Dimensional Changes ◽

Pharyngeal Airway ◽

Posterior Maxilla ◽

Computed Tomography Scans ◽

Bimaxillary Surgery

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate longitudinal changes of the hyoid bone position and pharyngeal airway space after bimaxillary surgery in mandibular prognathism patients. Materials and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography scans were taken for 25 mandibular prognathism patients before surgery (T0), 2 months after surgery (T1), and 6 months after surgery (T2). The positional displacement of the hyoid bone was assessed using the coordinates at T0, T1, and T2. Additionally, the volume of each subject's pharyngeal airway was measured. Results: The mean amount of posterior maxilla impaction was 3.76 ± 1.33 mm as the palatal plane rotated 2.04° ± 2.28° in a clockwise direction as a result of bimaxillary surgery. The hyoid bone moved backward (P < .05, P < .001) and downward (P > .05, P < .05) at 2 months and 6 months after surgery, while the total volume of the pharyngeal airway significantly decreased at the same time points (P < .001, P < .001). There was significant relationship between the changes of the hyoid bone position and airway volume at 2 months after surgery (P < .05). The change of the palatal plane angle was positively correlated to the decrease in the total airway volume (P < .001). Conclusions: The null hypothesis was rejected. The hyoid bone moved inferoposteriorly, and the pharyngeal airway volume decreased for up to 6 months after bimaxillary surgery. The decrease in the pharyngeal airway volume was correlated to the changes in the palatal plane inclination and the positional change of the hyoid bone.

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Position of the Hyoid Bone in Anteroposterior Skeletal Patterns

Journal of Healthcare Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/7130457 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Rabia Bilal

Keyword(s):

Hyoid Bone ◽

Cervical Vertebrae ◽

Multiple Comparisons ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Class Iii ◽

Linear Measurements ◽

Pharyngeal Airway ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Relationship

Introduction. Hyoid bone plays a vital role in the craniofacial dynamics. From the maintenance of pharyngeal airway to phonation, deglutition, and mandibular movements, it has multifactorial roles to fulfill. The hyoid bone has a spatial relationship with cranial base, mandible, and cervical vertebrae. This study was performed to determine the position of the hyoid bone in different anteroposterior growth patterns. Materials and Methods. 75 lateral cephalograms belonging to all three sagittal skeletal patterns were evaluated in the study. The angular and linear measurements using 10 variables were made to determine the relationship of the hyoid bone with different craniofacial structures. SPSS was used to calculate the descriptive statistics, mean, and standard deviation of all the linear and angular variables. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc test were used to compare the means of linear and angular measurement and multiple comparisons, respectively, at p < 0.05 significance level. Results. There was no significant difference in the mean angular measurements (NSH and MPH) between the 3 groups ( p > 0.05 ). Also, the multiple comparisons showed no significant difference between the linear measurements (H-FH, H-MP, H-H′, and H-N). However, there was a significant difference in three linear measurements: H-Rgn, RGN-C3, and C3-H. The values were more in class III subjects, compared to class I and class II. Conclusion. The linear millimetric distance between points H-RGN, RGN-C3, and C3-H which determine the relationship and spatial position of the hyoid bone with the mandible and third cervical vertebrae was statistically significant among groups. The values were more in class III subjects inferring the anterior position of the hyoid bone.

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Comparison of Volumetric Dimensions of Pharyngeal Airway for Different Dentofacial Skeletal Patterns Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Folia Medica ◽

10.3897/folmed.62.e48930 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 572-577

Author(s):

Madhura Jadhav ◽

Veera Bhosale ◽

Amol Patil ◽

Siddharth Shinde

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Facial Morphology ◽

Class Iii ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Pharyngeal Airway ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Nasopharyngeal Airway ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: After a century of controversies, we are still not certain on the relationship between airway volume and facial morphology. Objective: To measure nasopharyngeal airway volume and compare it among different skeletal patterns. Materials and methods: Forty five CBCT scans of patients between sixteen to twenty five years were used in the study. The nasopharyngeal airway was divided into upper, middle and lower segments. CBCT images were grouped into skeletal class I, class II and class III. Results: There was highly significant difference in upper (p=0.001) and middle pharyngeal airway volume (p<0.001) among 3 skeletal groups. Lower pharyngeal airway volume was also statistically significant (p=0.051) among 3 groups. Total pharyngeal airway volume did not show any significant correlation. Conclusion: Nasopharyngeal airway volume seems to play a role in different skeletal patterns.

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COMPARISON OF PHARYNGEAL AIRWAY CHANGES AFTER MONO AND BIMAXILLARY CORRECTION OF SKELETAL CLASS III

10.26226/morressier.578e3b50d462b802923825da ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Nur Hatab

Keyword(s):

Class Iii ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Pharyngeal Airway

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Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy in the Shortest Buccal Bone Marrow Distances of the Mandible on the Coronal Plane

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/5586498 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Chun-Ming Chen ◽

Han-Jen Hsu ◽

Ping-Ho Chen ◽

Shih-Wei Liang ◽

I-Ling Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Mandibular Canal ◽

Class Ii ◽

Coronal Plane ◽

Class Iii ◽

Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy ◽

Mandibular Foramen ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Pattern ◽

The Relationship

Purpose. This study investigated the relationship between the shortest buccal bone marrow of the ramus and skeletal patterns. Materials and Methods. Using cone-beam computed tomography data (specifically, the A point-nasion-B point (ANB) angle), we divided patients into three groups as follows: skeletal class I ( 0 ° < ANB < 4 ° ), class II (ANB: ≥4°), and class III (ANB: ≤0°). Sixteen vertical sections in the coronal plane were taken starting from slice 0 (original intact mandibular canal) anteriorly at 2 mm intervals to slice 15 (30 mm). The thickness of the mandible (M) and shortest buccal bone marrow (SBM) were measured. The data of SBM were divided into two groups ( SBM ≥ 1 mm and SBM < 1 mm ). For each skeletal pattern, an SBM value < 1 mm was considered to indicate a high possibility of postoperative nerve paresthesia and bad split. Results. The three skeletal pattern groups also did not significantly differ in their M values for all sections. The mean SBM values of class III (0.91–2.11 mm) at 6–16 mm anterior to the mandibular foramen were significantly smaller than those of class II (1.53–3.17 mm). Comparing the occurrence ratio of SBM < 1 mm , the highest and lowest probabilities in class III (55% and 21.7%, respectively) were significantly larger at 6–20 mm anterior to the mandibular foramen than those in class II (28.3% and 5%, respectively). Conclusion. Class III had a significantly shorter SBM distance and higher SBM occurrence probability than class II at the mandibular ramus region, implying that class III participants are more likely than class II participants to have nerve paresthesia and bad split after sagittal split ramus osteotomy.

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