The company is here to do goodness to us: Imaginaries of development, whiteness, and patronage in Sierra Leone's agribusiness investment deals

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110369
Author(s):  
Deborah Bakker ◽  
Caitlin Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Coercive Power ◽  
Relations Of Power

In this paper, we consider how references to ‘development’ are deployed to convince communities to lease their land to agribusiness investors in Sierra Leone. We argue that promises of development made by companies resonate with the aspirations for development that communities already have. The already existing ‘imaginaries’ of development, actual conditions of economic hardship and the material relations of power bound up in who does the ‘asking’ for land mean that communities need little convincing to give their land. Imaginaries of development are effective not only because of the promises of development themselves, but also because of how these imaginaries function through the role of coloniality – and ‘whiteness’ in particular. Analyses that focus only on the coercive power of elites in making land deals miss the degree to which companies’ promises of development fit into already existing imaginaries of a more prosperous future.

Reshaping Tunisian identity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
Constituent Assembly

Chapter 6 reveals that Ennahda’s previous underground structures and wide network of sympathisers helped it to quickly gain in relevance after the 2010–11 uprisings. Yet whilst the uprisings took place in response to economic hardship and political repression, discussions in the Constituent Assembly, elected in October 2011, quickly centred on the role of Islam in society. This exposed Ennahda’s leaders to a challenging task: accounting for its frequent compromises—including on issues of religion—with secular parties, to the detriment of its more conservative grassroots, which it increasingly risked losing to the Salafis.

The Role of Foreign Aid in Independent Sierra Leone

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
George O. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Sierra Leone

Corruption as a factor that hampers the socialization of the economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
Olga B. Lemeshonok ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
New Production ◽  
The Public ◽  
Corruption Perception ◽  
Relations Of Power ◽  
Innovative Orientation ◽  
Power And Dependence ◽  
Dependence Property

The author investigates comparisons of the corruption prevalence in countries with different economic systems based on the regularly calculated corruption perception index. The essence of corruption interactions in an economy is revealed through relations of power and dependence, property distribution and related economic actors behavior. The article shows a role of the institutional environment in corruption expanding or reducing, its connection with the development of civil society and the processes of economy socialization. The influence of corruption on certain aspects of economy socialization is specified: social differentiation, innovative orientation of production development, macroeconomic stability, development of the institutional environment, efficiency of the public administration system, property allocation efficiency, general humanization of activities and the human capital quality associated with these processes. The author shows how corruption relations affect individual aspects of socialization of the economy, considers the potential and prospects of noonomy and the NIS’s new economy in the processes of reducing corruption and strengthening the foundations of socialization. Micro- and macroaspects of the formation of a new human with his needs structure and new production corresponding to these needs are separately noted.

The Role of Local Actors in Peacekeeping: The Cases of Liberia and Sierra Leone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Sempijja ◽  
Ekeminiabasi Eyita-Okon
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Policy Work

With the advent of multidimensional peacekeeping, in considering the changing nature of conflicts in the post–Cold War period, the role of local actors has become crucial to the execution of the United Nations (UN) peacekeeping mandate. Just as peacekeeping does not have space in the UN charter, local actors do not have a clearly defined space in the UN-led conflict resolution process. However, they have gained recognition, especially in policy work, and slowly in the academic discourse, as academics and practitioners have begun to find ways of making peacekeeping and peacebuilding more effective in the 21st century. Therefore the construction and perception of local actors by international arbitrators play an important and strategic role in creating and shaping space for the former to actively establish peace where violent conflict is imminent. Local actors have independently occupied spaces during and after the conflict, and although they bring a comparative advantage, especially as gatekeepers to local communities, they have largely been kept on the periphery.

scholarly journals Spatial spread of the West Africa Ebola epidemic

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 160294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Kramer ◽  
J. Tomlin Pulliam ◽  
Laura W. Alexander ◽  
Andrew W. Park ◽  
Pejman Rohani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Relative Probability ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Spatial Spread ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
International Border

Controlling Ebola outbreaks and planning an effective response to future emerging diseases are enhanced by understanding the role of geography in transmission. Here we show how epidemic expansion may be predicted by evaluating the relative probability of alternative epidemic paths. We compared multiple candidate models to characterize the spatial network over which the 2013–2015 West Africa epidemic of Ebola virus spread and estimate the effects of geographical covariates on transmission during peak spread. The best model was a generalized gravity model where the probability of transmission between locations depended on distance, population density and international border closures between Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone and neighbouring countries. This model out-performed alternative models based on diffusive spread, the force of infection, mobility estimated from cell phone records and other hypothesized patterns of spread. These findings highlight the importance of integrated geography to epidemic expansion and may contribute to identifying both the most vulnerable unaffected areas and locations of maximum intervention value.

The Vice-Admiralty Court

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padraic X. Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Prize Money ◽  
Ship Building ◽  
The People ◽  
Slave Ships

This chapter examines the Vice-Admiralty Court of Sierra Leone, the first court in the British empire with an explicit mandate to release enslaved people from slavery. In practice, the Court and its officers paid little attention to the people the Court called ‘captured Negroes.’ Instead, the Court became the hub of a brisk trade in seized slave ships, which were renovated and resold at auction for the coastal trade. British officers, sailors and soldiers received ‘prize money,’ shares of the auction value of property they captured. Many settlers and European merchants were engaged in trades related to the Court, from victualling and rum-selling to surveying and ship-building. The antislavery businessman Zachary Macaulay had a controlling stake in many colonial businesses. This chapter also examines the role of the Royal African Corps, a regiment of white convicts and former slaves, and their place in the colony.

scholarly journals Examining the Role of Economic Actors in Post-war Reintegration Processes: Case of Sierra Leone.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 158-167
Author(s):  
MaryAnne Iwara
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
Social Contracts ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Aid Dependency ◽  
Post War ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
National Governments

This paper examines post-conflict peacebuilding activities in Sierra Leone by critically looking at the role of economic actors in the reintegration process of its post-war Disarmament Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) initiative. The civil war that lasted for 11 years in Sierra Leone, put doubts on the national governments ability to effectively provide both victims and perpetuators, the necessary protection and assistance needed to fully assume responsibilities within the communities. Because of this, poverty was further entrenched, thereby increasing the countries susceptibility to return to conflict. Though reintegration processes are continuous, integrative and involve exhaustive budgetary commitments, the process, in Sierra Leone was short-termed, not well coordinated and took time to begin delivering. With the United Nations, World Bank and the weak national government leading the process, financing was often insufficient or late, in combination with the lack of a coherent planning strategy; all these factors contributed to lapses in socio-economic profiling, skills and vocational training and spread disillusionment and resentment among ex-combatants and victims. Using content analysis, the paper argues that, post-war countries need active, equitable and profitable economic sectors if they are to graduate from conflict and from post-conflict aid-dependency. Moreover, as social contracts and corporate social responsibility to communities they govern and operate in, economic actors must create enabling environments and, generate jobs to support legitimate local capacities. The utility of this paper lies in the idea that for any post-conflict country to attain long-term social and economic development, reintegration programme design and activities, must holistically incorporate critical economic actors.  

English in West Africa

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Gut
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
West African ◽  
The Other ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The West ◽  
Current Role ◽  
British Colonization

This chapter describes the history, role, and structural properties of English in the West African countries the Gambia, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ghana, Nigeria, the anglophone part of Cameroon, and the island of Saint Helena. It provides an overview of the historical phases of trading contact, British colonization and missionary activities and describes the current role of English in these multilingual countries. Further, it outlines the commonalities and differences in the vocabulary, phonology, morphology, and syntax of the varieties of English spoken in anglophone West Africa. It shows that Liberian Settler English and Saint Helenian English have distinct phonological and morphosyntactic features compared to the other West African Englishes. While some phonological areal features shared by several West African Englishes can be identified, an areal profile does not seem to exist on the level of morphosyntax.

The effect of power use on specific investments: the moderating role of interdependence structure

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Tian ◽  
Baofeng Huo ◽  
Yu Tian
Keyword(s):  
Specific Power ◽  
Coercive Power ◽  
Supplier Relationships ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Specific Investments ◽  
Dependence Asymmetry ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Single Construct ◽  
Perceived Relationships

PurposePower use widely exists in buyer–supplier relationships (BSRs). Different directions of power use (i.e. buyer's power use and supplier's power use) intertwining with different types of power (i.e. coercive and noncoercive power) make it insufficient to regard power use as a single construct when examining its effect on a firm's following response. Besides, interdependence structure characterized by joint dependence and dependence asymmetry may influence the effect of a specific power use by shaping the firm's interpretation and cognition toward the relationship. Specifically, this study examines how four types of power use a buyer facing and an interdependence structure with its supplier affect its specific investments to the supplier.Design/methodology/approachThis study tests the proposed relationships using regression analysis, based on data from 240 manufacturing firms in China on their perceived relationships with their major suppliers.FindingsResults show that buyer's coercive power use (BCP) negatively affects buyer's specific investments while noncoercive power use (BNP) does not play a significant role. Both supplier's coercive power use (SCP) and noncoercive power use (SNP) are positively related to buyer's specific investments. Joint dependence positively moderates the effect of BNP and dependence asymmetry negatively moderates the effects of BCP and SNP on buyer's specific investments.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on power use by identifying different types of power use and their different roles in influencing buyer's specific investments. The study also contributes to the literature on interdependence structure by demonstrating the different roles of joint dependence and dependence asymmetry.

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