Moral Consciousness and Decision-Making in Child and Family Social Work

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan Houston
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Moral Consciousness ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Placement Decisions ◽  
Child Placement ◽  
Ethical Decisions

Child and family social work is beset by value dilemmas. In this paper Stan Houston attempts to find a way out of these entanglements by delving into the moral philosophy of Jurgen Habermas. It is argued that Habermas's ideas on moral discourse enable social workers and others involved in a child's life to reach ethical decisions. Towards the end of the paper, the argument is grounded in two case examples centering on child placement decisions. At this juncture it is argued that Habermas's position creates certain problems for ethical decision-making involving children, but that these problems can be assuaged by a range of compensatory actions including advocacy and critical reflection.

scholarly journals A Deeper Look at Autonomous Vehicle Ethics: An Integrative Ethical Decision-Making Framework to Explain Moral Pluralism

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimin Rhim ◽  
Ji-Hyun Lee ◽  
Mo Chen ◽  
Angelica Lim
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
Ethical Behavioral Intentions

The autonomous vehicle (AV) is one of the first commercialized AI-embedded robots to make autonomous decisions. Despite technological advancements, unavoidable AV accidents that result in life-and-death consequences cannot be completely eliminated. The emerging social concern of how an AV should make ethical decisions during unavoidable accidents is referred to as the moral dilemma of AV, which has promoted heated discussions among various stakeholders. However, there are research gaps in explainable AV ethical decision-making processes that predict how AVs’ moral behaviors are made that are acceptable from the AV users’ perspectives. This study addresses the key question: What factors affect ethical behavioral intentions in the AV moral dilemma? To answer this question, this study draws theories from multidisciplinary research fields to propose the “Integrative ethical decision-making framework for the AV moral dilemma.” The framework includes four interdependent ethical decision-making stages: AV moral dilemma issue framing, intuitive moral reasoning, rational moral reasoning, and ethical behavioral intention making. Further, the framework includes variables (e.g., perceived moral intensity, individual factors, and personal moral philosophies) that influence the ethical decision-making process. For instance, the framework explains that AV users from Eastern cultures will tend to endorse a situationist ethics position (high idealism and high relativism), which views that ethical decisions are relative to context, compared to AV users from Western cultures. This proposition is derived from the link between individual factors and personal moral philosophy. Moreover, the framework proposes a dual-process theory, which explains that both intuitive and rational moral reasoning are integral processes of ethical decision-making during the AV moral dilemma. Further, this framework describes that ethical behavioral intentions that lead to decisions in the AV moral dilemma are not fixed, but are based on how an individual perceives the seriousness of the situation, which is shaped by their personal moral philosophy. This framework provides a step-by-step explanation of how pluralistic ethical decision-making occurs, reducing the abstractness of AV moral reasoning processes.

Ethical Decision-Making in Interdisciplinary Team Care

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen M. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Interdisciplinary Team ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Team Care ◽  
Ethical Decisions

Most clinical and ethical decisions are made between a patient and his or her physician. However, patients with complex or chronic medical problems are often cared for by a team of professionals from multiple disciplines. Little is known about the process of making ethical decisions between patients and teams of health care providers. The purposes of this article are to examine the process of collective decision-making in interdisciplinary patient care, to present a model for clinical and ethical decision-making, and finally, to discuss ethical decisionmaking in team care. The benefits and potential risks of interdisciplinary care are discussed and illustrated with case examples. Cleft palate and craniofacial teams are used as a model of interdisciplinary team care.

scholarly journals Negotiating the Path of Ethical Decision-Making in Health Care Social Work

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverlee McIntosh ◽  
Ralph Vander Hoek
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Work ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
The Social

Understanding ethical decision-making in the context of “end of life” and other health care situations is examined using a model, which describes the process of decision-making and the influences of resources, knowledge, values, responsibility and the law. Social Work case examples from various health care settings illustrate the process and influences, giving particular attention to end of life issues. Social Work practice challenges, guidelines and suggestions are outlined in the article. The role of the social worker and the influences of the social workers’ own values, knowledge and beliefs, such as the client-centered approach and empowerment, are seen as important components of the process and influences.

Continuing Education in Ethical Decision Making Using Case Studies From Medical Social Work

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. McCormick ◽  
Patti Stowell-Weiss ◽  
Jennifer Carson ◽  
Gerald Tebo ◽  
Inga Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Medical Social Work

Simulating Complexity-Based Ethics for Crucial Decision Making in Counter Terrorism

2008 ◽  
pp. 3250-3268
Author(s):  
Cecilia Andrews ◽  
Edward Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Ideal State ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
Systems Planning ◽  
Planning Approach ◽  
Tools And Techniques

“Counter-terrorism refers to the practices, tactics and strategies that governments, militaries and other groups adopt in order to fight terrorism.” Counter Terrorism (CT) is a complex system driven by political, stress and time pressures that contribute to the enormous difficulty that involved people face in making sustainable ethical decisions. This chapter proposes a systems planning approach for enhancing the sustainability of crucial ethical decisions in CT. First, we describe the need for enhancing crucial ethical decision-making using some recent cases. Next, we evaluate the relevance and utility of a systems planning approach in providing such enhancements for CT. We develop the “ideal state” for tools and techniques to be used for crucial ethical decision-making in CT. We propose the POWER systems planning framework as a model for advancing towards this ideal state Finally, we consider how games and simulation could be used to envision and inform, aid synthesis of and support evaluation of decision-making through the POWER model.

scholarly journals Social work leaders’ authenticity positively influences their dispositions toward ethical decision-making

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 809-825
Author(s):  
Radek Trnka ◽  
Martin Kuška ◽  
Peter Tavel ◽  
Aleš A. Kuběna
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making

Ethical Decision-Making in Schools

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özgür Önen ◽  
Burcu Tibet
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Moral Intensity ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ethical Decisions

How many times do people encounter an ethical dilemma within a day? Many of them, probably, say more than one. Frequently encountering ethically questionable situations which have heavy costs to both business and educational organizations is very common. It is crucial to understand how teachers, for example, make decisions when they are faced with ethically questionable situations, such as intimate relationship offers or dishonest grading desires. Indeed, every individual involved with schools—not only teachers, but principals, students, and even parents—are faced with ethically questionable situations, forcing them to choose between right and wrong, possibly benefiting themselves or the ones they are close to and/or harming innocent others. So, increasing knowledge on how individuals make judgments and act when they are confronted a dilemma is important. Which factors affects ethical decisions? Do people simply choose the options granting their positions or beneficial for them in some way? A review of theoretical models of ethical decision-making revealed that existing models need to be modified in order to cover some ignored aspects. Additionally, there seems to be a need to add new constructs to the moral intensity factor: ease of the act and magnitude of the gain are possible issue contingents to be considered. Furthermore, empirical findings, in general, present contradictory results on proposed factors affecting ethical decision-making. However, some factors, such as moral intensity and reward–sanction systems, were found to consistently affect decisions on ethically questionable issues. There are, nonetheless, many finer points to be understood regarding what exactly is happening when people face dilemmas. This suggests new studies need to be conducted.

scholarly journals How do clinical psychologists make ethical decisions? A systematic review of empirical research

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-224
Author(s):  
Becky Grace ◽  
Tony Wainwright ◽  
Wendy Solomons ◽  
Jenna Camden ◽  
Helen Ellis-Caird
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Ethical Decisions

Given the nature of the discipline, it might be assumed that clinical psychology is an ethical profession, within which effective ethical decision-making is integral. How then, does this ethical decision-making occur? This paper describes a systematic review of empirical research addressing this question. The paucity of evidence related to this question meant that the scope was broadened to include other professions who deliver talking therapies. This review could support reflective practice about what may be taken into account when making ethical decisions and highlight areas for future research. Using academic search databases, original research articles were identified from peer-reviewed journals. Articles using qualitative ( n = 3), quantitative ( n = 8) and mixed methods ( n = 2) were included. Two theoretical models of aspects of ethical decision-making were identified. Areas of agreement and debate are described in relation to factors linked to the professional, which impacted ethical decision-making. Factors relating to ethical dilemmas, which impacted ethical decision-making, are discussed. Articles were appraised by two independent raters, using quality assessment criteria, which suggested areas of methodological strengths and weaknesses. Comparison and synthesis of results revealed that the research did not generally pertain to current clinical practice of talking therapies or the particular socio-political context of the UK healthcare system. There was limited research into ethical decision-making amongst specific professions, including clinical psychology. Generalisability was limited due to methodological issues, indicating avenues for future research.

Ethical Issues for Neonatal Nurses

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaye Spence
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Neonatal Nurses ◽  
Ethical Decisions

This article examines the involvement of neonatal nurses in ethical issues, achieved through a survey of Australian neonatal nurses. The aim was to discover if nurses were involved in ethical decisions, to examine various categories of neonates and the concerns that nurses felt about them, and to determine the extent to which nurses saw themselves as advocates. A response rate of 65% was achieved from nurses in two states who worked in intensive care and special care nurseries. The findings show that nurses were more likely to be involved in clinical decision making than in ethical decision making, showed the greatest concern for infants who had an uncertain prognosis, and saw themselves as advocates for their patients. The issues surrounding these findings are examined.

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