A review of the use of radio-echo sounding in glaciology

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise A. Plewes ◽  
Bryn Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Physical Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mass Properties ◽  
Radio Echo Sounding ◽  
Geophysical Technique ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Echo Sounding

Radio-echo sounding (RES), or radar, is an established geophysical technique that has been, and continues to be, applied to investigate a variety of ice-mass properties. This review presents the physical theory and principles of radio-glaciology, and describes the various types of radar equipment commonly used, including modern, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) systems. The range of glaciological applications these systems have been used to investigate is summarized, along with promising avenues of current and future research.

scholarly journals Fifty-five years of Russian radio-echo sounding investigations in Antarctica

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (81) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Popov
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Lake Vostok ◽  
Amery Ice Shelf ◽  
Radio Echo Sounding ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Lambert Glacier ◽  
Radar Technique ◽  
Echo Sounding

AbstractRussian (former Soviet) systematic studies of Antarctica by radio-echo sounding (RES) and ground-penetrating radar technique (GPR) were commenced in 1964. Since that time airborne RES surveys have covered about 5.5 × 106 km2 of the icy continent discovering remarkable geographic objects such as Subglacial Gamburtsev Mountains, and allowed studies of Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, Amery Ice Shelf and Lambert Glacier. Ground-based investigations during the 1990s and 2000s revealed the structure of the Lake Vostok area and surveyed along the Mirny to Vostok and Progress to Vostok traverse routes. GPR studies during the 2010s were to select the site for a new snow-runway at Mirny Station, with the resumption of the aviation after a 25 year hiatus.

scholarly journals Applications of ground penetrating radar in geotechnical investigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Moodie
Keyword(s):  
Radio Wave ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Geotechnical Investigation ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Geophysical Technique ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Fair Degree

There are clearly risks and a fair degree of uncertainties involved in geotechnical investigation for the reason that only limited boreholes can be used in projects, due to budget restraints. These risks are further increased or decreased subject to the geotechnical engineers’ experiences and judgments. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a geophysical technique that provides continuous non-destructive soil profiling from the surface or from inside a borehole by sending, receiving and averaging multiple radio wave pulses into the subsurface at centimeter increments (cm) scale normally ranging between 0.5cm to 1cm step size. This project focuses on the principles, procedures, applications and limitations of GPR use in geotechnical exploration. To evaluate its potentials for reducing risk and uncertainties associated with soil profile presumptions between boreholes, also to evaluate if GPR can provide objective quantifiable data that can be understood by any level of geotechnical engineers.

scholarly journals How could Archeo-Geophysics help garbage disposal? A fortuitous discovery in Central Italy

Antiqua ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Pier Matteo Barone ◽  
Carlotta Ferrara ◽  
Elena Pettinelli
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
Garbage Disposal ◽  
Geophysical Technique ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Non Destructive

We present a non-destructive geophysical technique (Ground Penetrating Radar) as a suitable method for both the detection of buried archeological structures, as is already known, and as an aid to local administrators in the planning of potential waste management sites (e.g., landfills or incinerators). This can prevent the potential destruction of important archeological sites. The discovery of a subsurface archeological target a few dozen kilometers northeast of Rome, near the proposed site for the construction of a waste-to-energy incinerator, should cause local administrations to reconsider their plans for construction at this site.

scholarly journals Automated method for buried object detecting using ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Israa J. Muhsin
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
Buried Objects ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Buried Object ◽  
Geophysical Technique ◽  
Ground Penetrating

  Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a nondestructive geophysical technique that uses electromagnetic waves to evaluate subsurface information. A GPR unit emits a short pulse of electromagnetic energy and is able to determine the presence or absence of a target by examining the reflected energy from that pulse. GPR is geophysical approach that use band of the radio spectrum. In this research the function of GPR has been summarized as survey different buried objects such as (Iron, Plastic(PVC), Aluminum) in specified depth about (0.5m) using antenna of 250 MHZ, the response of the each object can be recognized as its shapes, this recognition have been performed using image processing such as filtering. Where different filters like (DC adjustment, triangular FIR, delete mean trace, FIR) have been applied on output image as well as the simulation of the soil and the buried objects layers have been obtained using GPR simulation program.

scholarly journals Applications of ground penetrating radar in geotechnical investigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Moodie
Keyword(s):  
Radio Wave ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Geotechnical Investigation ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Geophysical Technique ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Fair Degree

There are clearly risks and a fair degree of uncertainties involved in geotechnical investigation for the reason that only limited boreholes can be used in projects, due to budget restraints. These risks are further increased or decreased subject to the geotechnical engineers’ experiences and judgments. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a geophysical technique that provides continuous non-destructive soil profiling from the surface or from inside a borehole by sending, receiving and averaging multiple radio wave pulses into the subsurface at centimeter increments (cm) scale normally ranging between 0.5cm to 1cm step size. This project focuses on the principles, procedures, applications and limitations of GPR use in geotechnical exploration. To evaluate its potentials for reducing risk and uncertainties associated with soil profile presumptions between boreholes, also to evaluate if GPR can provide objective quantifiable data that can be understood by any level of geotechnical engineers.

REFLECTION COEFFICIENT OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE IN CONDUCTIVE MEDIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
M. S. Sudakova ◽  
M. L. Vladov ◽  
M. R. Sadurtdinov
Keyword(s):  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Direct And Inverse Problems ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Ideal Dielectric

Within the ground penetrating radar bandwidth the medium is considered to be an ideal dielectric, which is not always true. Electromagnetic waves reflection coefficient conductivity dependence showed a significant role of the difference in conductivity in reflection strength. It was confirmed by physical modeling. Conductivity of geological media should be taken into account when solving direct and inverse problems, survey design planning, etc. Ground penetrating radar can be used to solve the problem of mapping of halocline or determine water contamination.

Deteksi Bentuk Objek Bawah Tanah Menggunakan Pengolahan Citra B-Scan pada Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Rahmayati Alindra ◽  
Heroe Wijanto ◽  
Koredianto Usman
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Data Survey ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) adalah salah satu jenis radar yang digunakan untuk menyelidiki kondisi di bawah permukaan tanah tanpa harus menggali dan merusak tanah. Sistem GPR terdiri atas pengirim (transmitter), yaitu antena yang terhubung ke generator sinyal dan bagian penerima (receiver), yaitu antena yang terhubung ke LNA dan ADC yang kemudian terhubung ke unit pengolahan data hasil survey serta display sebagai tampilan output-nya dan post  processing untuk alat bantu mendapatkan informasi mengenai suatu objek. GPR bekerja dengan cara memancarkan gelombang elektromagnetik ke dalam tanah dan menerima sinyal yang dipantulkan oleh objek-objek di bawah permukaan tanah. Sinyal yang diterima kemudian diolah pada bagian signal processing dengan tujuan untuk menghasilkan gambaran kondisi di bawah permukaan tanah yang dapat dengan mudah dibaca dan diinterpretasikan oleh user. Signal processing sendiri terdiri dari beberapa tahap yaitu A-Scan yang meliputi perbaikan sinyal dan pendektesian objek satu dimensi, B-Scan untuk pemrosesan data dua dimensi  dan C-Scan untuk pemrosesan data tiga dimensi. Metode yang digunakan pada pemrosesan B-Scan salah satunya adalah dengan  teknik pemrosesan citra. Dengan pemrosesan citra, data survey B-scan diolah untuk didapatkan informasi mengenai objek. Pada penelitian ini, diterapkan teori gradien garis pada pemrosesan citra B-scan untuk menentukan bentuk dua dimensi dari objek bawah tanah yaitu persegi, segitiga atau lingkaran. 

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