The effect of patellofemoral bracing on walking in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mokhtar Arazpour ◽  
Tahmoures T Notarki ◽  
Ahmadali Salimi ◽  
Monireh A Bani ◽  
Hoda Nabavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Knee Joint Kinematics ◽  
Spatial Parameters

Background: Although knee braces are used by individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome, the effect of patellofemoral bracing on knee flexion during walking has not been elucidated. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of patellofemoral bracing on sagittal plane knee joint kinematics and temporal spatial parameters during walking in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Study design: Quasi-experimental. Methods: Ten subjects with a diagnosis of patellofemoral pain syndrome were fitted with a knee brace incorporating an infrapatellar strap. Testing was performed at baseline and after 6 weeks of use. Gait analysis and a visual analog scale were used to assess outcomes in this study. Results: A 59.6% decrease in pain was reported by using bracing. Bracing significantly improved speed of walking ( p ≤ 0.001) and step length ( p ≤ 0.001). The mean cadence was also increased following 6 weeks of patellofemoral brace use, but this was not significant ( p = 0.077). Knee flexion angles improved during initial contact, loading response, and mid-swing ( p ≤ 0.001) after 6 weeks of patellofemoral brace use. Conclusion: Knee orthoses resulted in decreased pain, improved temporal spatial parameters (speed of walking and step length), and increased knee flexion angles during ambulation in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Clinical relevance The results of this study demonstrate a positive effect of patellofemoral bracing in improving specific gait parameters and provide evidence to support its use as a conservative treatment.

Decreased Pulsatile Blood Flow in the Patella in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1668-1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Näslund ◽  
Markus Walden ◽  
Lars-Göran Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Systematic Change ◽  
Pulsatile Blood Flow ◽  
Level Of Evidence

Background Anterior knee pain without clinical and radiologic abnormalities has primarily been explained from a purely structural view. A recently proposed biologic and homeostatic explanation questions the malalignment theory. No objective measurement of the pathophysiology responsible for changes in local homeostasis has been presented. Hypothesis Flexing the knee joint interferes with the perfusion of the patellar bone in patellofemoral pain syndrome. Study Design Case control study; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Pulsatile blood flow in the patella was measured continuously and noninvasively using photoplethysmography. Measurements were made with the patient in a resting position with knee flexion of 20° and after passive knee flexion to 90°. In total, 22 patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome were examined bilaterally, and 33 subjects with healthy knees served as controls. Results The pulsatile blood flow in the patient group decreased after passive knee flexion from 20° to 90° (systematic change in position, or relative position [RP] = —0.32; 95% confidence interval for RP, —0.48 to —0.17), while the response in the control group showed no distinct pattern (RP = 0.17; 95% confidence interval for RP, —0.05 to 0.31). The difference between the groups was significant (P = .0002). The median change in patients was —26% (interquartile range, 37). Conclusions Pulsatile patellar blood flow in patellofemoral pain syndrome patients is markedly reduced when the knee is being flexed, which supports the previous notion of an ischemic mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of this pain syndrome.

scholarly journals Patellar Taping, Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome, Lower Extremity Kinematics, and Dynamic Postural Control

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Aminaka ◽  
Phillip A. Gribble
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Pain Level ◽  
Perceived Pain ◽  
Patellar Taping ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract Context: Patellar taping has been a part of intervention for treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). However, research on the efficacy of patellar taping on lower extremity kinematics and dynamic postural control is limited. Objective: To evaluate the effects of patellar taping on sagittal-plane hip and knee kinematics, reach distance, and perceived pain level during the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) in individuals with and without PFPS. Design: Repeated-measures design with 2 within-subjects factors and 1 between-subjects factor. Setting: The University of Toledo Athletic Training Research Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty participants with PFPS and 20 healthy participants between the ages of 18 and 29 years. Intervention(s): The participants performed 3 reaches of the SEBT in the anterior direction under tape and no-tape conditions on both legs. Main Outcome Measure(s): The participants' hip and knee sagittal-plane kinematics were measured using the electromagnetic tracking system. Reach distance was recorded by hand and was normalized by dividing the distance by the participants' leg length (%MAXD). After each taping condition on each leg, the participants rated the perceived pain level using the 10-cm visual analog scale. Results: The participants with PFPS had a reduction in pain level with patellar tape application compared with the no-tape condition (P = .005). Additionally, participants with PFPS demonstrated increased %MAXD under the tape condition compared with the no-tape condition, whereas the healthy participants demonstrated decreased %MAXD with tape versus no tape (P = .028). No statistically significant differences were noted in hip flexion and knee flexion angles. Conclusions: Although patellar taping seemed to reduce pain and improve SEBT performance of participants with PFPS, the exact mechanisms of these phenomena cannot be explained in this study. Further research is warranted to investigate the effect of patellar taping on neuromuscular control during dynamic postural control.

Kinematic and kinetic features of normal level walking in patellofemoral pain syndrome: More than a sagittal plane alteration

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1794-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Paoloni ◽  
Massimiliano Mangone ◽  
Giancarlo Fratocchi ◽  
Massimiliano Murgia ◽  
Vincenzo Maria Saraceni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Level ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Level Walking ◽  
Kinetic Features

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF ILIOTIBIAL BAND STRETCHING AND STRENGTHENING EXERCISES IN PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Devadhason Malarvizhi ◽  
Neha Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Iliotibial Band ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Strengthening Exercises ◽  
Interferential Therapy ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Objective: The study objective was to find out the effectiveness of iliotibial band stretching and strengthening exercises in patellofemoral pain syndrome.Methods: The study design was Quasi-experimental study design. 20 patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome were taken, with the age group of 18-40 years. 20 patients undergone pre- and post-test measurement of hip angle of adduction with the help of inclinometer and were given interferential therapy and iliotibial band stretching and strengthening exercises for 1-week duration. Outcome measures were inclinometer and visual analog scale (VAS).Results: Statistical analysis was done using Paired t-test which showed a significant improvement in VAS score (2.57±1.09) and angle of hip adductionpre- and post-test (−6.85±2.50).Conclusion: This study concluded that 1 week of stretching and strengthening of iliotibial band exercises were effective in reducing pain and increasing hip adduction angle in patellofemoral pain syndrome.Keywords: Iliotibial band, Interferential therapy, Test, Stretching and strengthening exercises, Inclinometer.

scholarly journals Research Methods and Progress of Patellofemoral Joint Kinematics: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenguo Yu ◽  
Jie Yao ◽  
Xingliang Wang ◽  
Xing Xin ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Patellofemoral Joint ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Joint Kinematics ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Trochlear Groove ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Patellofemoral Kinematics

Patellofemoral pain syndrome has a high morbidity, and its pathology is closely associated with patellofemoral joint kinematics. A series of in vivo and in vitro studies have been conducted to explore patellofemoral kinematics, and the findings are relevant to the diagnosis, classification, and management of patellofemoral diseases and even the whole knee joint. However, no definite conclusion on normal patellofemoral kinematics has been established. In this study, the measurement methodologies of patellofemoral kinematics (including data collection methods, loading conditions, and coordinate system) as well as their advantages and limitations were reviewed. Motion characteristics of the patella were analyzed. During knee flexion, the patellar flexion angle lagged by 30–40% compared to the tibiofemoral joint flexion. The patella tilts, rotates, and shifts medially in the initial stage of knee flexion and subsequently tilts, rotates, and shifts laterally. The finite patellar helical axis fluctuates near the femoral transepicondylar axis or posterior condylar axis. Moreover, factors affecting kinematics, such as morphology of the trochlear groove, soft tissue balance, and tibiofemoral motion, were analyzed. At the initial period of flexion, soft tissues play a vital role in adjusting patellar tracking, and during further flexion, the status of the patella is determined by the morphology of the trochlear groove and patellar facet. Our findings could increase our understanding of patellofemoral kinematics and can help to guide the operation plan for patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

scholarly journals Treatment of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome with Dielectric Radiofrequency Diathermy: A Preliminary Single-Group Study with Six-Month Follow-Up

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Manuel Albornoz-Cabello ◽  
Cristo Jesús Barrios-Quinta ◽  
Isabel Escobio-Prieto ◽  
Raquel Sobrino-Sánchez ◽  
Alfonso Javier Ibáñez-Vera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Drug Intake ◽  
Lower Extremity Function ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
And Function

Background and Objectives: Notwithstanding patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) being one of the most common causes of pain in the front of the knee in outpatients, few studies have shown the effects of radiofrequency on knee pain and function in this population. The aim of the present study was to determine whether outpatients diagnosed with PFPS obtained improvement in pain and function after treatment by dynamic application of monopolar dielectric diathermy by emission of radiofrequency (MDR). Materials and Methods: An experimental study was conducted with 27 subjects with PFPS. Subjects were treated with 10 sessions of MDR in dynamic application. The visual analogue scale (VAS), the Kujala scale, the DN4 questionnaire, the lower extremity function scale (LEFS), the range of movement (ROM) in knee flexion and extension and the daily drug intake were measured pre- and post-intervention and at the time of the follow-up (six months). Results: Statistically significant differences were found in pain perception (VAS: F1,26 = 92.43, p < 0.000, ŋ2 = 0.78 and DN4: F1.26 = 124.15, p < 0.000, ŋ2 = 0.82), as well as improvements in functionality (LEFS: F1.26 = 72.42, p < 0.000, ŋ2 = 0.74 and Kujala: F1.26 = 40.37, p < 0.000, ŋ2 = 0.61]) and in ROM (Flexion: F1.26 = 63.15, p < 0.000, ŋ2 = 0.71). No statistically significant changes in drug intake were found. Conclusions: The present study shows that the dynamic application of MDR seems effective in reducing pain and increasing functionality and knee flexion in patients with PFPS, after a follow-up of six months.

Vastus Medialis Obliquus and Vastus Lateralis Activity in Patients with and without Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Miller ◽  
Daniel Sedory ◽  
Ronald V. Croce
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Vastus Medialis Obliquus ◽  
Closed Kinetic Chain ◽  
Step Down

The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of closed kinetic chain exercises in preferentially recruiting the oblique fibers of the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO). Fifteen athletically active females, 6 with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and 9 without PFPS, performed two isometric and two dynamic closed kinetic chain exercises. The isometric exercises were a static lunge with 30° of knee flexion (SL@30°) and with 70° of knee flexion (SL@70°). The dynamic exercises were a step-up/step-down exercise (SUSD) and a modified wall slide (MWS). Selective recruitment of the VMO occurred during the MWS (p <.05) and the SUSD in the subjects without PFPS (p <.05). For the SL@70° (p <.01), the MWS (p <.01), and the SUSD (p <.05), subjects with PFPS had greater activity of the vastus lateralis (VL), resulting in a lower VMO: VL ratio for those exercises (p < .05). It was concluded that the closed kinetic chain exercises examined in this study do not preferentially recruit the VMO in individuals with PFPS. In addition, individuals with PFPS have a lower VMO:VL ratio during these exercises compared to individuals without PFPS.

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