scholarly journals Mechanical Factors Affecting the Evoked Pressures from a Simple Twitch Monitor

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Shanks ◽  
G. A. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Blockade ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Mechanical Factors

A syringe and aneroid manometer have been employed to quantitate neuromuscular blockade. The most important factors shown to vary its response were its air volume and the angulation of the syringe from the vertical. But even when these were held constant, the resultant pressures were not linearly related to the generative impulses. It is suggested that although this type of apparatus is not very accurate, the simple and inexpensive mechanism could benefit the practical anaesthetist monitoring nondepolarizing relaxants, providing its limitations are appreciated.

Some Physical and Mechanical Factors Affecting the Simple Shear Strength of Methylmethacrylate

1975 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Astleford ◽  
Marc A. Asher ◽  
Ulric S. Lindholm ◽  
Charles A. Rockwood
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Simple Shear ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mechanical Factors

scholarly journals Residual Neuromuscular Blockade in Critical Care

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. e1-e10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Wilson ◽  
Angela S. Collins ◽  
Brea O. Rowan
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neuromuscular Blockade ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Residual Neuromuscular Blockade ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Anesthesia Time

Neuromuscular blockade is a pharmacological adjunct for anesthesia and for surgical interventions. Neuromuscular blockers can facilitate ease of instrumentation and reduce complications associated with intubation. An undesirable sequela of these agents is residual neuromuscular blockade. Residual neuromuscular blockade is linked to aspiration, diminished response to hypoxia, and obstruction of the upper airway that may occur soon after extubation. If an operation is particularly complex or requires a long anesthesia time, residual neuromuscular blockade can contribute to longer stays in the intensive care unit and more hours of mechanical ventilation. Given the risks of this medication class, it is essential to have an understanding of the mechanism of action of, assessment of, and factors affecting blockade and to be able to identify factors that affect pharmacokinetics.

Performance comparison of conventional and local computer room air-conditioning systems in data centres by CFD analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinya Takeuchi ◽  
Takashi Kurabuchi ◽  
Hajime Yoshino ◽  
Sihwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Local Computer ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Data Centres

The maximum inlet air temperature and air recirculation ratio of information technology machines are important in evaluating the air-conditioning efficiency of data centres. In this study, evaluation models for estimating air and heat distributions were developed based on the thermal equilibrium in data centres, assuming conventional computer room air-conditioning and local computer room air-conditioning systems. The computer room air-conditioning cooling efficiency ( η-index) was defined as the ratio of the effective cooling air volume of an information technology machine to the air volume of the computer room air-conditioning system. The recirculation ratio for an information technology machine ( γ-index) was defined based on the air volume and thermal equilibrium. Several factors affecting air-conditioning efficiency, such as the mounting positions and heat load of the information technology machines and the ratio of the computer room air-conditioning system air volume to that of the information technology machine ( V/Vm-index), were analysed using computational fluid dynamics. A mismatch was confirmed between the heat recirculation ratio ( γm-index) and air recirculation ratio ( γq-index), and the effect of heat transmission by the wall could be ignored in data centres. The mean γ values and inlet air temperatures ( θ0 m-index) could be reduced effectively by increasing the value of V/Vm and mounting the information technology machines at the bottom of each rack.

scholarly journals Assessment of Hand Function Through the Coordination of Contact Forces in Manipulation Tasks

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodan Jaric ◽  
Mehmet Uygur
Keyword(s):  
Hand Function ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Tangential Component ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Load Force ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
Mechanical Factors

Exploration of force coordination has been one of the most often used approaches in studies of hand function. When holding and manipulating a hand-held object healthy individuals are typically able to highly coordinate the perpendicular (grip force; GF) with the tangential component of the contact force (load force; LF). The purpose of this review is to present the findings of our recent studies of GF-LF coordination. Regarding the mechanical factors affecting GF-LF coordination, our data suggest that both different hand segments and their particular skin areas could have markedly different friction properties. It also appears that the absolute, rather than relative safety margin (i.e., how much the actual GF exceeds the minimum value that prevents slipping) should be a variable of choice when assessing the applied magnitude of GF. The safety margin could also be lower in static than in free holding tasks. Regarding the involved neural factors, the data suggest that the increased frequency, rather than an increased range of a cyclic LF could have a prominent detrimental effect on the GF-LF coordination. Finally, it appears that the given instructions (e.g., 'to hold' vs. 'to pull') can prominently alter GF-LF coordination in otherwise identical manipulation tasks. Conversely, the effects of handedness could be relatively week showing only slight lagging of GF in the non-dominant, but not in the dominant hand. The presented findings reveal important aspects of hand function as seen through GF-LF coordination. Specifically, the use of specific hand areas for grasping, calculation of particular safety margins, the role of LF frequency (but not of LF range) and the effects of given instructions should be all taken into account when conducting future studies of manipulation tasks, standardizing their procedures and designing routine clinical tests of hand function.

Studies on mechanical factors affecting dough development

1967 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. HEAPS ◽  
T. WEBB ◽  
P. W. RUSSELL EGGITT ◽  
J. B. M. COPPOCK
Keyword(s):  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mechanical Factors

Addressing adverse mechanical factors

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Nguyen ◽  
François Rannou
Keyword(s):  
Research Society ◽  
Joint Loading ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Mechanical Joint ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
European League Against Rheumatism ◽  
Joint Biomechanics ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
The Individual

Non-pharmacological approaches are widely and consistently recommended for the management of osteoarthritis (OA). This recommendation is based on biomechanical observations and emphasizes the therapeutic interest of biomechanical interventions able to modulate adverse mechanical factors affecting the symptomatic OA joint. Therapeutic approaches include braces, orthoses, insoles, joint protection, joint-preserving surgical procedures, walking sticks, and other aids. Overall, biomechanical interventions aim to modulate joint biomechanics, in order to improve joint mechanosensitivity, decrease mechanical joint loading, and eventually reduce pain. These interventions must be adjusted to the biomechanical specificities of each joint, and of the individual patient. This chapter uses an evidence-based approach, including the most recent European League Against Rheumatism, Osteoarthritis Research Society International, and American College of Rheumatology recommendations, to describe and to review non-pharmacological strategies available in daily clinical practice, designed to modulate mechanical joint loading, with a focus on the management of hand, hip, and knee OA. The interest of weight loss, specific and non-specific exercises, patient education, and self-care programmes is discussed elsewhere in this book.

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